diff --git a/src/Data/Preload/Render.hs b/src/Data/Preload/Render.hs
index 9fd332425..5bd781f1a 100644
--- a/src/Data/Preload/Render.hs
+++ b/src/Data/Preload/Render.hs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ data RenderData = RenderData
     , _fboLighting              :: (FramebufferObject, TextureObject)
     , _fboLightingHigh          :: (FramebufferObject, TextureObject)
     , _fboShadow                :: (FramebufferObject, (TextureObject,TextureObject))
-    , _matUBO                   :: BufferObject
+    , _matUBO                   :: GLuint
     }
 makeLenses ''RenderData
 
diff --git a/src/Preload/Render.hs b/src/Preload/Render.hs
index afafdd4f7..456425098 100644
--- a/src/Preload/Render.hs
+++ b/src/Preload/Render.hs
@@ -27,14 +27,16 @@ numDrawableWalls = 5000
 preloadRender :: IO RenderData
 preloadRender = do
     -- set up uniform buffer object
-    theUBO <- genObjectName
-    bindBuffer UniformBuffer $= Just theUBO
-    bufferData UniformBuffer $= (64, nullPtr, StreamDraw)
-    bindBufferBase IndexedUniformBuffer 0 $= Just theUBO
+    theUBO <- mglCreateSingle glCreateBuffers
+    --glBindBuffer GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER theUBO
+    --bindBuffer UniformBuffer $= Just theUBO
+    glNamedBufferData theUBO 64 nullPtr GL_STREAM_DRAW
+    --bufferData UniformBuffer $= (64, nullPtr, StreamDraw)
+    --bindBufferBase IndexedUniformBuffer 0 $= Just theUBO
+    glBindBufferBase GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER 0 theUBO
     -- setup wall points VBO, VAOs and shaders
     wpVBOname <- mglCreateSingle glCreateBuffers
     wpVBOptr <- mallocArray (8 * numDrawableWalls)
-    glBindBuffer GL_ARRAY_BUFFER wpVBOname
     glNamedBufferData wpVBOname
         ( fromIntegral $ floatSize * numDrawableWalls * 8)
          nullPtr
@@ -44,7 +46,6 @@ preloadRender = do
 --    bindVertexArrayObject $= Just wpVAOname
     wpVAOname <- mglCreateSingle glCreateVertexArrays
     glBindVertexArray wpVAOname
-    glBindBuffer GL_ARRAY_BUFFER wpVBOname
     setupVertexAttribPointer wpVAOname wpVBOname 0 4 8 0
     --wpColVAOname <- genObjectName
     --bindVertexArrayObject $= Just wpColVAOname
@@ -57,7 +58,6 @@ preloadRender = do
     -- setup window points VBO, VAOs and shaders
     winVBOname <- mglCreateSingle glCreateBuffers
     winVBOptr <- mallocArray (8 * numDrawableWalls)
-    glBindBuffer GL_ARRAY_BUFFER winVBOname
     bufferData ArrayBuffer
         $= ( fromIntegral $ floatSize * numDrawableWalls * 8
            , nullPtr
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ preloadRender = do
     let shEBO = EBO{_eboName = shEBOname, _eboPtr = shEBOptr}
     shVBOname <- mglCreateSingle glCreateBuffers
     shVBOptr <- mallocArray (7 * numDrawableElements)
-    glBindBuffer GL_ARRAY_BUFFER shVBOname
     glNamedBufferData shVBOname
         ( fromIntegral $ floatSize * numDrawableElements * 7)
             nullPtr
@@ -92,20 +91,16 @@ preloadRender = do
     --bindVertexArrayObject $= Just shPosColVAOname
     shPosColVAOname <- mglCreateSingle glCreateVertexArrays
     glBindVertexArray shPosColVAOname
-    glBindBuffer GL_ARRAY_BUFFER shVBOname
     setupVertexAttribPointer shPosColVAOname shVBOname 0 3 7 0
     setupVertexAttribPointer shPosColVAOname shVBOname 1 4 7 3
     --bindBuffer ElementArrayBuffer $= Just shEBOname
-    --glBindBuffer GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER shEBOname
     glVertexArrayElementBuffer shPosColVAOname shEBOname
     --shPosVAOname <- genObjectName
     --bindVertexArrayObject $= Just shPosVAOname
     shPosVAOname  <- mglCreateSingle glCreateVertexArrays
     glBindVertexArray shPosVAOname
-    glBindBuffer GL_ARRAY_BUFFER shVBOname
     setupVertexAttribPointer shPosVAOname shVBOname 0 3 7 0
     --bindBuffer ElementArrayBuffer $= Just shEBOname
-    --glBindBuffer GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER shEBOname
     glVertexArrayElementBuffer shPosVAOname shEBOname
     let shPosColVAO = VAO{_vaoName = shPosColVAOname, _vaoVBO = shVBO}
         shPosVAO = VAO{_vaoName = shPosVAOname, _vaoVBO = shVBO}
@@ -114,13 +109,11 @@ preloadRender = do
     --bindVertexArrayObject $= Just shEdgeVAOname
     shEdgeVAOname  <- mglCreateSingle glCreateVertexArrays
     glBindVertexArray shEdgeVAOname
-    glBindBuffer GL_ARRAY_BUFFER shVBOname
     setupVertexAttribPointer shEdgeVAOname shVBOname 0 3 7 0
     --setup ebo for silhouette edges
     silEBOname <- mglCreateSingle glCreateBuffers
     silEBOptr <- mallocArray numDrawableElements
     -- it may be important to bind this while the correct VAO is bound
-    --glBindBuffer GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER silEBOname --bindBuffer ElementArrayBuffer $= Just silEBOname
     glVertexArrayElementBuffer shEdgeVAOname silEBOname
     --bindBuffer ElementArrayBuffer $= Just silEBOname
     glNamedBufferData
diff --git a/src/Shader/Compile.hs b/src/Shader/Compile.hs
index 9cd4d3087..d7c19558f 100644
--- a/src/Shader/Compile.hs
+++ b/src/Shader/Compile.hs
@@ -178,7 +178,8 @@ setupVertexAttribPointer ::
     Int ->
     IO ()
 setupVertexAttribPointer vao vbo loc siz strd off = do
-    glVertexArrayVertexBuffer vao 0 vbo 0 (fromIntegral $ floatSize * strd)
+    glVertexArrayVertexBuffer vao 0 vbo 0 (fromIntegral $ floatSize * strd) 
+        -- the above is probably duplicated: needs moving out of this function
     glEnableVertexArrayAttrib vao loc'
     glVertexArrayAttribFormat vao loc' siz' GL_FLOAT GL_FALSE (fromIntegral $ floatSize * off)
     glVertexArrayAttribBinding vao loc' 0