diff --git a/src/Dodge/Creature/Impulse/UseItem.hs b/src/Dodge/Creature/Impulse/UseItem.hs
index 81686343b..47a3e18e0 100644
--- a/src/Dodge/Creature/Impulse/UseItem.hs
+++ b/src/Dodge/Creature/Impulse/UseItem.hs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ module Dodge.Creature.Impulse.UseItem
     , useLeftItem
     ) where
 import Dodge.Data
+import Dodge.Luse
 import Dodge.Inventory
 import Dodge.Reloading
 import Dodge.Item.Location
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ useLeftItem cid w
         f   <- cr ^? crInv . ix invid . itUse . lUse
         return 
             . (runIdentity . pointToItem (_itPos itm) (return . (itUse . useHammer .~ HammerDown)))
-            . f itm cr 
+            . useL f itm cr 
             $ w
   where
     cr = _creatures w IM.! cid
diff --git a/src/Dodge/Data.hs b/src/Dodge/Data.hs
index 199911142..e047d1193 100644
--- a/src/Dodge/Data.hs
+++ b/src/Dodge/Data.hs
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ data ItemUse
         , _heldScroll   :: HeldScroll --Float -> Creature -> Item -> Item
         }
     | LeftUse  
-        { _lUse         :: Item -> Creature -> World -> World 
+        { _lUse         :: Luse --Item -> Creature -> World -> World 
         , _useDelay     :: UseDelay
         , _useHammer    :: HammerPosition
         , _eqEq         :: Equipment
diff --git a/src/Dodge/Data/Item/HeldUse.hs b/src/Dodge/Data/Item/HeldUse.hs
index e91e2c4e4..266424fbc 100644
--- a/src/Dodge/Data/Item/HeldUse.hs
+++ b/src/Dodge/Data/Item/HeldUse.hs
@@ -18,6 +18,13 @@ data HeldUse = HeldDoNothing
     | HeldForceField
     | HeldShatter
 
+data Luse = LDoNothing
+    | LRewind
+    | LShrink
+    | LBlink
+    | LUnsafeBlink
+    | LBoost
+
 data HeldMod = HeldModNothing
     | PoisonSprayerMod
     | FlameSpitterMod
diff --git a/src/Dodge/Default/Weapon.hs b/src/Dodge/Default/Weapon.hs
index 58574fe35..a47417896 100644
--- a/src/Dodge/Default/Weapon.hs
+++ b/src/Dodge/Default/Weapon.hs
@@ -28,35 +28,6 @@ defaultBulletLoadable = defaultLoadable & laAmmoType .~ basicBullet
 defaultChargeable :: ItemConsumption
 defaultChargeable = ChargeableAmmo 100 100
 
---ruseRate :: Int 
---    -> (Item -> Creature -> World -> World) 
---    -> [(Item -> Creature -> World -> World) -> Item -> Creature -> World -> World]
---    -> ItemUse
---ruseRate i f usemods = RightUse
---    { _rUse = f
---    , _useDelay = FixedRate
---        { _rateMax = i
---        , _rateTime = 0
---        }
---    , _useMods = usemods
---    , _useHammer = HammerUp
---    , _useAim = defaultAimParams
---    , _heldScroll = \_ _ -> id
---    }
-
---ruseInstant 
---    :: (Item -> Creature -> World -> World) 
---    -> [(Item -> Creature -> World -> World) -> Item -> Creature -> World -> World]
---    -> ItemUse
---ruseInstant f usemods = RightUse
---    { _rUse = f
---    , _useDelay = NoDelay
---    , _useMods  = usemods
---    , _useHammer = HammerUp
---    , _useAim = defaultAimParams
---    , _heldScroll = \_ _ -> id
---    }
-
 defaultrUse :: ItemUse
 defaultrUse = RightUse
     { _rUse = HeldDoNothing
@@ -68,7 +39,7 @@ defaultrUse = RightUse
     }
 defaultlUse :: ItemUse
 defaultlUse = LeftUse
-    { _lUse = \_ _ -> id
+    { _lUse = LDoNothing
     , _useDelay = FixedRate {_rateMax = 8, _rateTime = 0}
     , _useHammer    = HammerUp
     , _eqEq = defaultEquip
@@ -83,7 +54,7 @@ defaultEquip = Equipment
     , _eqViewDist = Nothing
     }
 
-luseInstantNoH :: (Item -> Creature -> World -> World) -> ItemUse
+luseInstantNoH :: Luse -> ItemUse
 luseInstantNoH f = defaultlUse 
     & lUse .~ f
     & useDelay .~ NoDelay
diff --git a/src/Dodge/Item/Equipment/Booster.hs b/src/Dodge/Item/Equipment/Booster.hs
index b89420478..9f5ce91fc 100644
--- a/src/Dodge/Item/Equipment/Booster.hs
+++ b/src/Dodge/Item/Equipment/Booster.hs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 module Dodge.Item.Equipment.Booster
     ( boosterGun
+    , boostSelfL
     ) where
 import Dodge.Data
 import Dodge.Base
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ boosterGun :: Item
 boosterGun = defaultLeftItem 
     { _itInvColor = cyan
     , _itConsumption = defaultChargeable
-    , _itUse = luseInstantNoH $ boostSelfL 10
+    , _itUse = luseInstantNoH LBoost
     , _itEffect = resetAttachmentID
     }
     & itType . iyBase .~ LEFT BOOSTER
diff --git a/src/Dodge/Item/Weapon/BatteryGuns.hs b/src/Dodge/Item/Weapon/BatteryGuns.hs
index 69748c2b8..b66b934c7 100644
--- a/src/Dodge/Item/Weapon/BatteryGuns.hs
+++ b/src/Dodge/Item/Weapon/BatteryGuns.hs
@@ -106,7 +106,6 @@ lasCircle = lasGun
     & itUse . useAim . aimWeight .~ 6
     & itUse . useAim . aimRange .~ 1
     & itUse . useAim . aimStance .~ TwoHandTwist
-  where
 
 lasWide :: Int -> Item
 lasWide n = lasGun
@@ -114,7 +113,6 @@ lasWide n = lasGun
     & itParams . lasColor .~ yellow
     & itParams . lasDamage .~ 2
     & itUse . useMods .~ LasWideMod n
-  where
 --lasWidePulse :: Item
 --lasWidePulse = lasGun
 --    & itType . iyBase .~ LASGUNWIDEPULSE
@@ -201,7 +199,6 @@ dualBeam = lasGun
     & itUse . useAim . aimRange .~ 1
     & itUse . useAim . aimStance .~ TwoHandFlat
     & itType . iyModules . at ModDualBeam ?~ EMPTYMODULE
-  where
 --lasSwing :: Item
 --lasSwing = lasGun
 --    & itType . iyBase .~ LASGUNSWING
diff --git a/src/Dodge/Item/Weapon/BulletGun/Cane.hs b/src/Dodge/Item/Weapon/BulletGun/Cane.hs
index 88a3a5d01..68af7cf5a 100644
--- a/src/Dodge/Item/Weapon/BulletGun/Cane.hs
+++ b/src/Dodge/Item/Weapon/BulletGun/Cane.hs
@@ -136,7 +136,6 @@ miniGunUse i = defaultrUse
     & rUse .~ HeldUseAmmoParams
     & useDelay .~ NoDelay
     & useMods .~ MiniGunMod i
-  where
 
 miniGunX :: Int -> Item
 miniGunX i = defaultAutoGun 
diff --git a/src/Dodge/Item/Weapon/Utility.hs b/src/Dodge/Item/Weapon/Utility.hs
index abdadd7bb..6839158ca 100644
--- a/src/Dodge/Item/Weapon/Utility.hs
+++ b/src/Dodge/Item/Weapon/Utility.hs
@@ -2,13 +2,9 @@ module Dodge.Item.Weapon.Utility where
 import Dodge.Data
 import Dodge.Base.Coordinate
 import Dodge.Default
---import Dodge.Picture.Layer
-import Dodge.Creature.Action
-import Dodge.Item.Weapon.TriggerType
 import Dodge.Item.Weapon.ExtraEffect
 import Dodge.Wall.ForceField
 import Dodge.Wall.Move
---import Sound.Data
 import Geometry
 import Picture
 import qualified IntMapHelp as IM
@@ -16,10 +12,7 @@ import Shape
 import ShapePicture
 
 import Data.Maybe
---import qualified Data.Map.Strict as M
 import Control.Lens
---import Control.Monad
-
 rewindGun :: Item
 rewindGun = defaultLeftItem
     { _itInvColor = cyan
@@ -29,7 +22,7 @@ rewindGun = defaultLeftItem
         }
     , _itEffect = ItRewindEffect rewindEffect []
     , _itUse = defaultlUse 
-        & lUse .~ useRewindGun
+        & lUse .~ LRewind --useRewindGun
         & eqEq . eqSite .~ GoesOnChest
     }
     & itType . iyBase .~ LEFT REWINDER
@@ -46,24 +39,10 @@ rewindEffect itm cr w
     w' = w & rewindWorlds .~ []
         & timeFlow .~ NormalTimeFlow
 
-useRewindGun :: Item -> Creature -> World -> World
-useRewindGun _ _ w = case _rewindWorlds w of
-    [w']        -> rewindusing w' [w']
-    (w':ws)   -> rewindusing w' ws
-    _           -> w
-  where
-    rewindusing w' ws = w
-        & maybeWorld .~ Just' ( w'
---        & creatures . ix (_crID cr) .~ cr
-        & upbuts
-        & rewindWorlds .~ ws
-        )
-    upbuts = (keys .~ _keys w) .  (mouseButtons .~ _mouseButtons w)
-
 -- needs to shift this item to the current inventory slot
 shrinkGun :: Item
 shrinkGun = defaultLeftItem
-    {_itUse = defaultlUse {_lUse = hammerCheckL useShrinkGun}
+    {_itUse = defaultlUse & lUse .~ LShrink -- hammerCheckL useShrinkGun
 --    , _itFloorPict = shrinkGunPic
     , _itAttachment = AttachBool True
     }
@@ -72,24 +51,12 @@ shrinkGun = defaultLeftItem
 shrinkGunPic :: Item -> SPic
 shrinkGunPic _ = noPic $ colorSH violet $ upperPrismPoly 5 $ square 5
 
--- be careful changing this around; potential problems include updating the
--- creature but using the old crInvSel value
--- 22.05.23 this has been changed from using invids to items
-useShrinkGun :: Item -> Creature -> World -> World
-useShrinkGun it cr w = if _atBool $ _itAttachment it
-    then tryResize 0.5 $ stripNoItems cr . f False UndroppableIdentified . dropExcept cr invid
-    else tryResize 1   $ f True Uncursed . setMinInvSize defaultInvSize cr
-  where
-    invid = _ipInvID $ _itPos it
-    tryResize x g = maybe w g $ sizeSelf x cr w
-    f isInUse cstatus = creatures . ix (_crID cr) . crInv . ix invid %~
-        ( (itAttachment . atBool .~ isInUse) . (itCurseStatus .~ cstatus) )
 
 blinkGun :: Item
 blinkGun = defaultLeftItem 
     { _itInvColor = cyan
     , _itUse = defaultlUse 
-        & lUse .~ hammerCheckL (shootL $ const blinkAction)
+        & lUse .~ LBlink --hammerCheckL (shootL $ const blinkAction)
         & eqEq . eqSite .~ GoesOnWrist
 --    , _itFloorPict = const . noPic . colorSH chartreuse $ upperPrismPoly 2 $ square 2
     }
@@ -98,7 +65,7 @@ blinkGun = defaultLeftItem
 unsafeBlinkGun :: Item
 unsafeBlinkGun = blinkGun
     & itType . iyBase .~ LEFT BLINKERUNSAFE
-    & itUse . lUse .~ hammerCheckL (shootL $ const unsafeBlinkAction)
+    & itUse . lUse .~ LUnsafeBlink --hammerCheckL (shootL $ const unsafeBlinkAction)
     & itUse . eqEq . eqViewDist ?~ 400
 
 --effectGun :: String -> (Creature -> World -> World) -> Item
diff --git a/src/Dodge/Luse.hs b/src/Dodge/Luse.hs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04fb82246
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Dodge/Luse.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+module Dodge.Luse where
+import Dodge.Data
+import Dodge.Item.Weapon.TriggerType
+import Dodge.Creature.Action
+import Dodge.Item.Equipment.Booster
+import Dodge.Default.Creature
+import LensHelp
+
+useL :: Luse -> Item -> Creature -> World -> World
+useL lu = case lu of
+    LDoNothing -> const $ const id
+    LRewind -> useRewindGun
+    LShrink -> hammerCheckL useShrinkGun
+    LBlink -> hammerCheckL (shootL $ const blinkAction)
+    LUnsafeBlink -> hammerCheckL (shootL $ const unsafeBlinkAction)
+    LBoost -> boostSelfL 10
+
+useRewindGun :: Item -> Creature -> World -> World
+useRewindGun _ _ w = case _rewindWorlds w of
+    [w']        -> rewindusing w' [w']
+    (w':ws)   -> rewindusing w' ws
+    _           -> w
+  where
+    rewindusing w' ws = w
+        & maybeWorld .~ Just' ( w'
+--        & creatures . ix (_crID cr) .~ cr
+        & upbuts
+        & rewindWorlds .~ ws
+        )
+    upbuts = (keys .~ _keys w) .  (mouseButtons .~ _mouseButtons w)
+
+-- be careful changing this around; potential problems include updating the
+-- creature but using the old crInvSel value
+-- 22.05.23 this has been changed from using invids to items
+useShrinkGun :: Item -> Creature -> World -> World
+useShrinkGun it cr w = if _atBool $ _itAttachment it
+    then tryResize 0.5 $ stripNoItems cr . f False UndroppableIdentified . dropExcept cr invid
+    else tryResize 1   $ f True Uncursed . setMinInvSize defaultInvSize cr
+  where
+    invid = _ipInvID $ _itPos it
+    tryResize x g = maybe w g $ sizeSelf x cr w
+    f isInUse cstatus = creatures . ix (_crID cr) . crInv . ix invid %~
+        ( (itAttachment . atBool .~ isInUse) . (itCurseStatus .~ cstatus) )