From 9aea602295df0b40ef62db442b22e07cf358d321 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ross Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2025 07:51:33 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] feat: Add new articles on Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis, Finger-in-Glove Sign, and Tracheal Dilatation; update content index and document conversion script --- docs_md/_content_index.json | 7 +- ...is_81c5db2f-b8f6-4092-bcd2-ffb8aa3ab18a.md | 70 +++++++++++++++++++ ...gn_81c5db2f-b8f6-4092-bcd2-ffb8aa3ab18a.md | 70 +++++++++++++++++++ ...on_25c1fd77-52ff-4a56-b5c4-6ee1335ba369.md | 60 ++++++++++++++++ scrapers/document_to_markdown.py | 2 +- 5 files changed, 207 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) create mode 100644 docs_md/articles/allergic-bronchopulmonary-aspergillosis_81c5db2f-b8f6-4092-bcd2-ffb8aa3ab18a.md create mode 100644 docs_md/articles/finger-in-glove-sign_81c5db2f-b8f6-4092-bcd2-ffb8aa3ab18a.md create mode 100644 docs_md/articles/tracheal-dilatation_25c1fd77-52ff-4a56-b5c4-6ee1335ba369.md diff --git a/docs_md/_content_index.json b/docs_md/_content_index.json index a199715..c4d67c9 100644 --- a/docs_md/_content_index.json +++ b/docs_md/_content_index.json @@ -123,5 +123,10 @@ "5c3bf156bfd2f9e4b7bf01ee5fd72b6f9fd21ab1960a3301297f9ad68a5173cb": "docs_md/external/https-appstatdxcom-main_app.statdx.com_main_00e71309_20251017T212307Z.meta.md", "aefa196a21aedc8854a27dc293031b83828d7e355b0647527d923304c97e3a33": "docs_md/external/https-appstatdxcom-timetracking-start-csf-like20parenchymal20lesions-brain-ddx_app.statdx.com_timetracking_start_CSF-Like_20Parenchymal_20Lesion_s__Brain_DDX_e3812c4f_20251014T200033Z.meta.md", "0493eeae819b99984603e64f4fa23031f5d37b10e5be95c268605624668b8d50": "docs_md/external/https-appstatdxcom-tree-brain-6d8829f1-14d7-45af-8675-255189aa526a_app.statdx.com_tree_brain_6d8829f1-14d7-45af-8675-255189aa526a_179a579f_20251014T204842Z.meta.md", - 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"Chest" + - "Differential Diagnosis" + - "Airways" + - "General Imaging Patterns" + - "Finger-in-Glove Sign" +--- +# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION + +- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues + + + - Finger-in-glove sign: Mucoid impaction with resultant dilated or impacted bronchi + - Bronchial obstruction: Atresia, foreign body, neoplasm + - Nonobstructive entities: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, cystic fibrosis + - Radiography/CT: Branching tubular opacities that typically radiate from hilum toward lung periphery + - Differential diagnosis of bronchial branching tubular opacities + - Arteriovenous malformation + - Exhibits contrast enhancement + - Demonstrates afferent and efferent vessels: Feeding artery(ies) and draining vein(s) +- ## Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses + + + - **Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis** + - Immunologic disorder caused by hypersensitivity to*Aspergillus fumigatus* + - Predisposing conditions: Asthma, cystic fibrosis + - Laboratory findings: Positive aspergillus skin test, elevated IgE levels against *Aspergillus fumigatus* + - Total IgE levels > 1,000 IU/mL + - IgG antibodies against*A. fumigatus* in serum + - Total eosinophil count > 500 cells/mL + - Imaging: Branching tubular opacities, high attenuation on CT due to intrinsic calcium oxalate + - **Congenital Bronchial Atresia** + - Focal atresia of segmental bronchus + - Typically affects left upper lobe apicoposterior segment + - Recurrent infection in 20% of patients + - CT: Tubular or branching opacity surrounded by hyperlucent lung due to air-trapping and oligemia +- ## Helpful Clues for Less Common Diagnoses + + + - **Bronchiectasis** + - Cystic fibrosis + - Autosomal recessive disorder that affects regulation of chloride transport + - Recurrent infection, progressive bronchial wall injury + - Diffuse bronchiectasis (upper lobe predominant); central and peripheral airways affected + - Primary ciliary dyskinesia + - Structural abnormality that affects ciliary motion + - Bronchiectasis, sinusitis, infertility + - Basilar predominant airway involvement + - **Benign Airway Neoplasm** + - Hamartoma + - Endobronchial (1.4% of cases) + - Fat &/or calcification in endobronchial lesion supports diagnosis + - Lipoma + - Endobronchial lipoma (0.1-0.5% of lung tumors) + - Nonenhancing homogeneous fat attenuation lesion + - **Malignant Airway Neoplasm** + - Carcinoid tumor + - Low-grade neuroendocrine neoplasm + - Intrinsic calcification; may be eccentric + - Marked contrast enhancement + - Lung cancer + - Centrally obstructing mass + - Mucoid impaction uncommon + - **Foreign Body** + - Patients < 15 years of age (70%) + - Most frequent location: Right lower lobe bronchus and bronchus intermedius + - Adults: Chronic clinical course, recurrent pneumonia \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs_md/articles/finger-in-glove-sign_81c5db2f-b8f6-4092-bcd2-ffb8aa3ab18a.md b/docs_md/articles/finger-in-glove-sign_81c5db2f-b8f6-4092-bcd2-ffb8aa3ab18a.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..272eb0e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_md/articles/finger-in-glove-sign_81c5db2f-b8f6-4092-bcd2-ffb8aa3ab18a.md @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +--- +title: "Finger-in-Glove Sign" +docid: "81c5db2f-b8f6-4092-bcd2-ffb8aa3ab18a" +breadcrumbs: + - "Chest" + - "Differential Diagnosis" + - "Airways" + - "General Imaging Patterns" + - "Finger-in-Glove Sign" +--- +# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION + +- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues + + + - Finger-in-glove sign: Mucoid impaction with resultant dilated or impacted bronchi + - Bronchial obstruction: Atresia, foreign body, neoplasm + - Nonobstructive entities: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, cystic fibrosis + - Radiography/CT: Branching tubular opacities that typically radiate from hilum toward lung periphery + - Differential diagnosis of bronchial branching tubular opacities + - Arteriovenous malformation + - Exhibits contrast enhancement + - Demonstrates afferent and efferent vessels: Feeding artery(ies) and draining vein(s) +- ## Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses + + + - **Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis** + - Immunologic disorder caused by hypersensitivity to*Aspergillus fumigatus* + - Predisposing conditions: Asthma, cystic fibrosis + - Laboratory findings: Positive aspergillus skin test, elevated IgE levels against *Aspergillus fumigatus* + - Total IgE levels > 1,000 IU/mL + - IgG antibodies against*A. fumigatus* in serum + - Total eosinophil count > 500 cells/mL + - Imaging: Branching tubular opacities, high attenuation on CT due to intrinsic calcium oxalate + - **Congenital Bronchial Atresia** + - Focal atresia of segmental bronchus + - Typically affects left upper lobe apicoposterior segment + - Recurrent infection in 20% of patients + - CT: Tubular or branching opacity surrounded by hyperlucent lung due to air-trapping and oligemia +- ## Helpful Clues for Less Common Diagnoses + + + - **Bronchiectasis** + - Cystic fibrosis + - Autosomal recessive disorder that affects regulation of chloride transport + - Recurrent infection, progressive bronchial wall injury + - Diffuse bronchiectasis (upper lobe predominant); central and peripheral airways affected + - Primary ciliary dyskinesia + - Structural abnormality that affects ciliary motion + - Bronchiectasis, sinusitis, infertility + - Basilar predominant airway involvement + - **Benign Airway Neoplasm** + - Hamartoma + - Endobronchial (1.4% of cases) + - Fat &/or calcification in endobronchial lesion supports diagnosis + - Lipoma + - Endobronchial lipoma (0.1-0.5% of lung tumors) + - Nonenhancing homogeneous fat attenuation lesion + - **Malignant Airway Neoplasm** + - Carcinoid tumor + - Low-grade neuroendocrine neoplasm + - Intrinsic calcification; may be eccentric + - Marked contrast enhancement + - Lung cancer + - Centrally obstructing mass + - Mucoid impaction uncommon + - **Foreign Body** + - Patients < 15 years of age (70%) + - Most frequent location: Right lower lobe bronchus and bronchus intermedius + - Adults: Chronic clinical course, recurrent pneumonia \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs_md/articles/tracheal-dilatation_25c1fd77-52ff-4a56-b5c4-6ee1335ba369.md b/docs_md/articles/tracheal-dilatation_25c1fd77-52ff-4a56-b5c4-6ee1335ba369.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b431d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_md/articles/tracheal-dilatation_25c1fd77-52ff-4a56-b5c4-6ee1335ba369.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +--- +title: "Tracheal Dilatation" +docid: "25c1fd77-52ff-4a56-b5c4-6ee1335ba369" +breadcrumbs: + - "Chest" + - "Differential Diagnosis" + - "Airways" + - "General Imaging Patterns" + - "Tracheal Dilatation" +--- +# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION + +- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues + + + - Tracheal wall composed of several layers: Mucosa, submucosa, cartilage or muscle, and adventitia + - Horseshoe-shaped bands of hyaline cartilage support anterior and lateral tracheal walls + - Posterior tracheal wall lacks cartilage and is supported by band of smooth muscle + - During expiration: Anterior bulging of posterior wall of intrathoracic trachea and ↓ of tracheal AP diameter by 32% + - Tracheal dilatation + - Women + - Tracheal transverse diameter > 21 mm, sagittal diameter > 23 mm + - Men + - Tracheal transverse diameter > 25 mm, sagittal diameter > 27 mm + - Tracheal index: Coronal diameter/sagittal diameter measured 1 cm above aortic arch + - Normal index ~ 1 +- ## Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses + + + - **Upper Lobe Fibrosis** + - Retraction of tracheobronchial walls + - Tuberculosis + - Sarcoidosis + - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis + - **Overdistention of Endotracheal Tube Cuff** + - Endotracheal tube or tracheostomy cannula cuff should not result in tracheal wall bulging + - Endotracheal cuff located 2 cm from distal end + - Overinflation of balloon to 1.5x diameter of normal trachea is associated with tracheal injury + - **Saber-Sheath Trachea** + - ↓ in coronal diameter of intrathoracic trachea associated with ↑ in sagittal diameter + - Associated with COPD (95%) + - Likely related to abnormal intrathoracic pressure + - **Tracheobronchomalacia** + - Condition characterized by excessive airway collapsibility caused by weakness of airway walls due to softening or destruction of supporting cartilage + - Tracheomalacia patients have dilated and flaccid airway + - ↓ in cross-sectional area > 70% during expiration compared with inspiration is generally considered diagnostic +- ## Helpful Clues for Less Common Diagnoses + + + - **Tracheal Diverticulum** + - Mucosal herniation through tracheal wall from ↑ intraluminal pressure + - Right posterolateral tracheal wall near thoracic inlet + - Between tracheal cartilaginous and muscular portions + - Communication with tracheal lumen rarely identified + - **Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome** + - Atrophy of muscular and elastic tissues in walls of trachea and mainstem bronchi + - More common in men + - Tracheal diameter > 30 mm (81.2%) + - Bronchiectasis (48.6-57.6%) + - Tracheal wall corrugated due to mucosa herniating between tracheal rings \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/scrapers/document_to_markdown.py b/scrapers/document_to_markdown.py index e4b5e0f..d51b4eb 100644 --- a/scrapers/document_to_markdown.py +++ b/scrapers/document_to_markdown.py @@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ def main(argv: Iterable[str] | None = None) -> int: p.add_argument("--pattern", default="*.json", help="Glob pattern to find files in input dir") p.add_argument("--overwrite", action="store_true", help="Overwrite existing .md files") p.add_argument("--verbose", "-v", action="store_true", help="Print processing details") - p.add_argument("--clear", "-c", action="store_true", help="Clear output directory before processing") + p.add_argument("--clear", "-c", action="store_true", default=False, help="Clear output directory before processing (default: false)") args = p.parse_args(list(argv) if argv is not None else None) input_dir = args.input_dir