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Dahlstrom, DO" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. 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Dahlstrom, DO" }, { "key": "2bca6b86-1eca-4e93-b997-4e18913686a7", "value": "Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy, CADASIL", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Arteriolosclerosis", "docid": "07e561a5-0554-4867-b811-448c36890ee3" }, { "title": "Vascular Dementia", "docid": "20864adf-5e46-4fbf-ba27-e8e30fa6506f" }, { "title": "Primary Arteritis of CNS", "docid": "490b3aed-37e2-4ec6-95dd-76efc734490f" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/chronic-cerebral-infarction_e318c9c0-0ba3-4966-8101-d24ac7ccc9b0.md", "title": "Chronic Cerebral Infarction", "docid": "e318c9c0-0ba3-4966-8101-d24ac7ccc9b0", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Stroke", "Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction", "Chronic Cerebral Infarction" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction, Chronic Cerebral Infarction", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Porencephalic Cyst", "docid": "132b5c61-f762-46ad-853c-615f4117d010" }, { "title": "Arachnoid Cyst", "docid": "8a848a6c-ad10-4533-b48c-3e9969cee55c" }, { "title": "Oligodendroglioma, IDH-Mutant and 1p/19q-Codeleted", "docid": "650c343e-cca8-484f-a93c-3961b57a30c4" }, { "title": "Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum", "docid": "c75baee2-7a4c-4fd8-9b3f-cc662d0f1c18" }, { "title": "Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum", "docid": "238ca32d-6bc6-4f5a-81b1-6601dd605856" }, { "title": "Signal/Attenuation Abnormalities of Corpus Callosum", "docid": "578bd09b-da74-43a2-b068-2d4854a61254" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/white-matter-tracts_846101a2-e892-4c70-9a32-c9fa887d073a.md", "title": "White Matter Tracts", "docid": "846101a2-e892-4c70-9a32-c9fa887d073a", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "White Matter Tracts" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809", "value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, White Matter Tracts", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Hypotensive Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Hemispheric white matter tracts divided by course into **association**,**commissural**,**projection fibers**\n - **Association fibers** (may be short or long)\n - Short (arcuate or \"U\" fibers) link adjacent gyri, course parallel to long axis of...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/basal-ganglia_a9de3815-ec59-4c78-adf0-94974065a7e3.md", "title": "Basal Ganglia", "docid": "a9de3815-ec59-4c78-adf0-94974065a7e3", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Basal Ganglia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea", "value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Basal Ganglia", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Hypotensive Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus\n - Striatum: Caudate nucleus, putamen\n - Caudate nucleus curves around with lateral ventricle\n - Ventrolateral side of lateral ventricle, head of caudate is most anterior, tail...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/language-overview_40f2ed79-0d31-4943-aaa2-7c3244a7e87b.md", "title": "Language Overview", "docid": "40f2ed79-0d31-4943-aaa2-7c3244a7e87b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Brain Network Anatomy", "Language Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Language Overview", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Hypotensive Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Receptive language: Perception of spoken or written language\n - Expressive language: Generating words and producing spoken language\n - Broca aphasia: Inability to speak, word finding difficulty, poor speech fluency, inability to organize grammar\n ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/limbic-network_e1a20b61-b2c1-44c5-ba04-59843855bfef.md", "title": "Limbic Network", "docid": "e1a20b61-b2c1-44c5-ba04-59843855bfef", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Brain Network Anatomy", "Limbic Network" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Limbic Network", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Hypotensive Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Limbic network includes amygdala, striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, insula, medial temporal lobe, and claustrum\n- ### Amygdala\n \n \n - Differential connectivity patterns for laterobasal, centromedial, and superficial amygdala, similar to animal studi...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/gyral-sulcal-anatomy_849da2a0-4a32-4a07-8f00-c69291e59434.md", "title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "docid": "849da2a0-4a32-4a07-8f00-c69291e59434", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy" ], "authors": [ { "key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea", "value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Hypotensive Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Lobes\n \n \n - Frontal lobe\n - Extends to central sulcus\n - Separated inferiorly & laterally from temporal lobe by sylvian fissure (a.k.a. lateral sulcus)\n - Parietal lobe\n - Medially separated from occipital lobe by parietooccipital sulcus...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/gyral-sulcal-anatomy_299a5990-1805-4018-85b5-191d8416385b.md", "title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "docid": "299a5990-1805-4018-85b5-191d8416385b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Functional MRI", "Regional Brain Anatomy", "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy" ], "authors": [ { "key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea", "value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Functional MRI, Regional Brain Anatomy, Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Hypotensive Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Lobes\n \n \n - Frontal lobe\n - Extends to central sulcus\n - Separated inferiorly & laterally from temporal lobe by sylvian fissure (a.k.a. lateral sulcus)\n - Parietal lobe\n - Medially separated from occipital lobe by parietooccipital sulcus...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/brain_080771c2-02f3-408d-ad70-04a80d849500.md", "title": "Brain", "docid": "080771c2-02f3-408d-ad70-04a80d849500", "breadcrumbs": [ "Ultrasound", "Anatomy", "Brain and Spine", "Brain" ], "authors": [ { "key": "961f3a7f-ad62-43bc-98f4-5116b17ab812", "value": "Paula J. Woodward, MD, FSRU" } ], "pageKeywords": "Ultrasound, Anatomy, Brain and Spine, Brain", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Hypotensive Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ### Supratentorial Structures\n \n \n - **Gyri**: Complex convolutions of brain cortex; hypoechoic on ultrasound (US)\n - **Sulci**(fissure): CSF-filled grooves or clefts that separate gyri; echogenic on US\n - Sulci separate gyri, **fissures** separate hemispheres/l...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/attention-control-network_a1bedda5-6478-40b2-98e7-6c5f5363b06f.md", "title": "Attention Control Network", "docid": "a1bedda5-6478-40b2-98e7-6c5f5363b06f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Brain Network Anatomy", "Attention Control Network" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Attention Control Network", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Hypotensive Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n# IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ## Overview\n \n \n - Attention control network is a constellation of distributed brain networks processing attention to external stimuli and symbols\n - Many aliases: Task-positive network, frontoparietal network, executive control network, and central executive netw...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/default-mode-network_a29f7551-d39d-4deb-933e-b8d2816168c3.md", "title": "Default Mode Network", "docid": "a29f7551-d39d-4deb-933e-b8d2816168c3", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Functional MRI", "Functional Network Anatomy", "Default Mode Network" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Functional MRI, Functional Network Anatomy, Default Mode Network", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Hypotensive Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Set of brain regions activated during stimulus-independent thought\n - Includes 3 subnetworks: Dorsal medial prefrontal, medial temporal, and core hubs\n - Dorsal medial prefrontal subsystem: Introspection of mental states of others (theory o...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/functional-network-overview_7b97f239-0f6f-4809-ac44-594cdf4842d5.md", "title": "Functional Network Overview", "docid": "7b97f239-0f6f-4809-ac44-594cdf4842d5", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Functional MRI", "Functional Network Anatomy", "Functional Network Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Functional MRI, Functional Network Anatomy, Functional Network Overview", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Hypotensive Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Numerous proposed brain network parcellations show similar features, with at least 5 core networks common across methods\n- ### Default Mode Network\n \n \n - Regions: Posterior cingulate/precuneus, medial prefrontal, inferior parietal (temporoparieta...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/functional-network-overview_ef0be4c8-3d36-4ca9-b4c5-f22f66d2b367.md", "title": "Functional Network Overview", "docid": "ef0be4c8-3d36-4ca9-b4c5-f22f66d2b367", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Brain Network Anatomy", "Functional Network Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Functional Network Overview", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Hypotensive Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Numerous proposed brain network parcellations show similar features with at least 5 core networks common across methods\n- ### Default Mode Network\n \n \n - Regions: Posterior cingulate/precuneus, medial prefrontal, inferior parietal (temporoparietal...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/social-brain-anatomy_0352d34a-5966-494e-b9c3-c26bde257bca.md", "title": "Social Brain Anatomy", "docid": "0352d34a-5966-494e-b9c3-c26bde257bca", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Brain Network Anatomy", "Social Brain Anatomy" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Social Brain Anatomy", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Hypotensive Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - A distributed set of brain regions are thought to participate in social cognition, each contributing functionality to specific social interactions\n- ### Anatomy Relationships\n \n \n - Mirror neuron system: Set of neurons in premotor cortex, suppleme...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/thalamus_b7f0cd6b-4ba2-4ed4-8dd0-5ca56d9ae92b.md", "title": "Thalamus", "docid": "b7f0cd6b-4ba2-4ed4-8dd0-5ca56d9ae92b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Thalamus" ], "authors": [ { "key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea", "value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Thalamus", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Hypotensive Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Part of diencephalon\n - Bilateral structures subdivided into multiple nuclei\n - Reciprocal thalamocortical projections\n - Tonic firing, bursting mode in wakefulness and sleep\n - All thalamic nuclei contain many inhibitory interneurons (...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-reversible-encephalopathy-syndrome-pres_84176f2c-fc9d-4497-8af9-1430b9f0187c.md", "title": "Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)", "docid": "84176f2c-fc9d-4497-8af9-1430b9f0187c", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations", "Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Hypotensive Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Cerebrovascular autoregulatory disorder\n - Many etiologies with HTN as common component\n - Preeclampsia, eclampsia\n - Drug toxicity (e.g., chemotherapy)\n - Uremic encephalopathies\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - General\n -...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction", "docid": "7a3ed4a9-ae05-4d64-ae8e-6a30105501e1" }, { "title": "Hypoglycemia", "docid": "bd221c1a-5b9c-4213-a0e1-df38acc3bd62" }, { "title": "Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome", "docid": "c3a19be2-1f91-4dcb-b63a-cbfdaeaca5c1" }, { "title": "Status Epilepticus", "docid": "bb0430ba-9933-40b4-a95b-97ca85070486" }, { "title": "Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome", "docid": "2c495cde-3ebe-494c-8987-d0a6dd61a065" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/brainstem-overview_bf889ffb-646b-429d-8699-d9bd34e8e193.md", "title": "Brainstem Overview", "docid": "bf889ffb-646b-429d-8699-d9bd34e8e193", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Infratentorial Brain", "Brainstem Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea", "value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Infratentorial Brain, Brainstem Overview", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Lacunar Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Main components\n - Cranial nerve nuclei\n - Long tracts\n - Cerebellar connections\n - Reticular formation\n - Midbrain\n - Rostral limit: Brainstem meets thalamus and hypothalamus at level of tentorium cerebe...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cerebellar-overview_b624e76f-15b9-4c1f-910e-8f5581ac2cfe.md", "title": "Cerebellar Overview", "docid": "b624e76f-15b9-4c1f-910e-8f5581ac2cfe", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Infratentorial Brain", "Cerebellar Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea", "value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Infratentorial Brain, Cerebellar Overview", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Lacunar Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Cerebellum is composed of cortical gray matter surrounding subcortical white matter\n - Primary fissure divides anterior & posterior lobes\n - Anterior lobe: Lingula, lobulus centralis, culmen\n - 10 lobules at midline, 8 lobules in each he...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pons_fc185efd-1f7a-4804-95f6-a49d0fa8aefb.md", "title": "Pons", "docid": "fc185efd-1f7a-4804-95f6-a49d0fa8aefb", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Infratentorial Brain", "Pons" ], "authors": [ { "key": "4d7b64a2-00bd-47b1-9e98-1f3bd129a877", "value": "Giuseppe Barisano, MD" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Infratentorial Brain, Pons", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Lacunar Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Cerebellopontine angle (CPA)\n - Cranial nerves (CN): Trigeminal nerve (CNV), abducens nerve (CNVI), facial nerve (CNVII), vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Pons: Portion of brainstem that relays information from brain t...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cerebellum_277bd2bc-3694-4712-a040-f69956b0b4ff.md", "title": "Cerebellum", "docid": "277bd2bc-3694-4712-a040-f69956b0b4ff", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Infratentorial Brain", "Cerebellum" ], "authors": [ { "key": "4d7b64a2-00bd-47b1-9e98-1f3bd129a877", "value": "Giuseppe Barisano, MD" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Infratentorial Brain, Cerebellum", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Lacunar Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Classic nomenclature (simplified nomenclature): Superior (tentorial), inferior (suboccipital), anterior (petrosal) cerebellar surfaces\n - Primary (tentorial), horizontal (petrosal), prebiventral/prepyramidal (suboccipital) cerebellar fissures\n- ### Defi...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/enlarged-perivascular-spaces_24c4b347-098b-48a2-9ff9-2b4ed9563cf8.md", "title": "Enlarged Perivascular Spaces", "docid": "24c4b347-098b-48a2-9ff9-2b4ed9563cf8", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Primary Nonneoplastic Cysts", "Enlarged Perivascular Spaces" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Primary Nonneoplastic Cysts, Enlarged Perivascular Spaces", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Lacunar Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Perivascular spaces (PVSs): Pial-lined, interstitial fluid (ISF)-filled structures\n - Accompany penetrating arteries, draining veins\n - Can occur anywhere ,but most common = basal ganglia (BG)\n - Other = midbrain, thalami, subco...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Lacunar Infarction", "docid": "03672bd8-67c2-4d2c-96fd-c21347f28cce" }, { "title": "Cystic Neoplasm", "docid": "55946978-4764-4b29-acbb-c6bd805caee9" }, { "title": "Neurocysticercosis", "docid": "fc7b01a2-45a4-432a-ad8e-c6bd999fa20a" }, { "title": "Cryptococcosis", "docid": "083d69de-cf29-4bf4-a491-80e2a562a53c" }, { "title": "Hydatid cysts often unilocular, almost all in children", "docid": "0af9a9f4-d45c-428b-bdf4-9534f84268e8" }, { "title": "Neuroglial Cyst", "docid": "496dec2d-7278-4398-95c3-40aa82da0bc6" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/neurocysticercosis_fc7b01a2-45a4-432a-ad8e-c6bd999fa20a.md", "title": "Neurocysticercosis", "docid": "fc7b01a2-45a4-432a-ad8e-c6bd999fa20a", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases", "Acquired Infections", "Neurocysticercosis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases, Acquired Infections, Neurocysticercosis", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Lacunar Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Intracranial parasitic infection caused by pork tapeworm *Taenia solium*\n - 4 pathologic stages: **Vesicular**, **colloidal vesicular**, **granular nodular**, and **nodular calcified**\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - Best diagnostic clue: Cyst with \"do...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Ventricles and Choroid Plexus", "docid": "e00c86e1-f0b9-4b88-9184-c22d8dd927d8" }, { "title": "Cranial Nerves Overview", "docid": "1edc42e3-5c31-42b9-b8b8-44cc3bd38432" }, { "title": "Cranial Nerves Overview", "docid": "170ad135-ca16-497a-80de-5a24b9ca2f47" }, { "title": "Subarachnoid Spaces/Cisterns", "docid": "f56a0bc1-03b3-41fb-9c3f-535e09dccc07" } ] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Abscess", "docid": "8c199d8a-99c4-4087-82e4-a54d5d80ec1e" }, { "title": "Tuberculosis", "docid": "02e003d4-80b1-408d-9685-61f60637993e" }, { "title": "Arachnoid Cyst", "docid": "8a848a6c-ad10-4533-b48c-3e9969cee55c" }, { "title": "Enlarged Perivascular Spaces", "docid": "24c4b347-098b-48a2-9ff9-2b4ed9563cf8" }, { "title": "Other Parasitic Infection", "docid": "cb3e6f5c-637e-4deb-9ef9-9273738484de" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "2d4779d1-8223-42ed-86fc-f2e35136ebbb" }, { "title": "Prepontine Cistern Mass", "docid": "e0f71196-85c7-411c-9c71-e2606b2ee52f" }, { "title": "Cystic-Appearing Posterior Fossa Lesion", "docid": "384912cc-94d4-4d58-89bb-f378acf18b4d" }, { "title": "Cystic CPA Mass", "docid": "6c60db6d-8093-4df5-8cbb-c6f6570ae167" }, { "title": "Meckel Cave Lesion", "docid": "9c5ce268-caf8-4d2a-9735-9b415ad3c9c3" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "86c95889-d542-4617-8dd6-d345255dede9" }, { "title": "Ring-Enhancing Lesions", "docid": "3463ac7a-c216-4fbd-aa73-03166a6ebc52" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/status-epilepticus_bb0430ba-9933-40b4-a95b-97ca85070486.md", "title": "Status Epilepticus", "docid": "bb0430ba-9933-40b4-a95b-97ca85070486", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations", "Status Epilepticus" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Status Epilepticus", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Seizure with ≥ 5 minutes continuous clinical &/or electrographic seizure activity, or recurrent seizure activity without recovery between seizures\n - Synonyms: Transient seizure-related MR changes, reversible postictal cerebral edema\n- ### Imaging\n \n ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Limbic System", "docid": "f2a117ed-9429-441d-baa0-5e99e05722ac" }, { "title": "Language Overview", "docid": "40f2ed79-0d31-4943-aaa2-7c3244a7e87b" }, { "title": "Functional Network Overview", "docid": "ef0be4c8-3d36-4ca9-b4c5-f22f66d2b367" }, { "title": "Attention Control Network", "docid": "a1bedda5-6478-40b2-98e7-6c5f5363b06f" }, { "title": "Limbic Network", "docid": "e1a20b61-b2c1-44c5-ba04-59843855bfef" }, { "title": "Cerebral Hemispheres Overview", "docid": "7006e397-5012-4027-aff8-e8d7158166ee" }, { "title": "Brain", "docid": "080771c2-02f3-408d-ad70-04a80d849500" }, { "title": "Default Mode Network", "docid": "a29f7551-d39d-4deb-933e-b8d2816168c3" }, { "title": "Functional Network Overview", "docid": "7b97f239-0f6f-4809-ac44-594cdf4842d5" }, { "title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "docid": "849da2a0-4a32-4a07-8f00-c69291e59434" }, { "title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "docid": "299a5990-1805-4018-85b5-191d8416385b" }, { "title": "Memory Overview", "docid": "40e2e25f-421b-4653-94e3-641b09b47e4d" }, { "title": "Social Brain Anatomy", "docid": "0352d34a-5966-494e-b9c3-c26bde257bca" } ] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction", "docid": "7a3ed4a9-ae05-4d64-ae8e-6a30105501e1" }, { "title": "Herpes Encephalitis", "docid": "1a126429-d4c6-4bbf-9181-1a6e0093e5f9" }, { "title": "Mesial Temporal Sclerosis", "docid": "ffc95208-88f9-46b7-b806-f51d11ab1ad2" }, { "title": "Miscellaneous Vasculitis", "docid": "221f737a-6bfa-4331-b296-402e40973f7e" }, { "title": "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)", "docid": "30a88a01-b24d-476d-a933-48aabcdb6f95" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/glioblastoma_45c3147e-3a1b-4fbf-a626-ed6e99a02ac2.md", "title": "Glioblastoma", "docid": "45c3147e-3a1b-4fbf-a626-ed6e99a02ac2", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Brain", "Cysts and Neoplasms", "Glioblastoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Brain, Cysts and Neoplasms, Glioblastoma", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Subacute Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Rapidly enlarging, malignant WHO grade 4 astrocytic tumor characterized by necrosis & neovascularity\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - Best imaging clue: Thick, irregularly enhancing rind of neoplastic tissue surrounding necrotic core\n - Heterogeneous, hyperin...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Pia and Perivascular Spaces", "docid": "aade2e69-4af2-432e-8324-b4f0121d66d7" }, { "title": "Ventricles and Choroid Plexus", "docid": "e00c86e1-f0b9-4b88-9184-c22d8dd927d8" }, { "title": "Brain", "docid": "080771c2-02f3-408d-ad70-04a80d849500" }, { "title": "Cerebral Hemispheres Overview", "docid": "7006e397-5012-4027-aff8-e8d7158166ee" }, { "title": "Limbic System", "docid": "f2a117ed-9429-441d-baa0-5e99e05722ac" } ] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Abscess", "docid": "8c199d8a-99c4-4087-82e4-a54d5d80ec1e" }, { "title": "Supratentorial Ependymoma", "docid": "6473690f-409b-4c39-b514-1b9807cc20a0" }, { "title": "Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor", "docid": "a71cc46d-1234-41e3-b594-689b0bb2afdd" }, { "title": "Ganglioglioma", "docid": "8ac2e5f8-28c7-4575-86a7-d2a82df2e1f0" }, { "title": "Embryonal Tumor With Multilayered Rosettes", "docid": "886793d0-be58-4b57-99b4-7512bfbf3a46" }, { "title": "Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis, Brain", "docid": "f2592b04-f800-4235-9eea-a43f2bf4adfe" }, { "title": "Subacute Cerebral Infarction", "docid": "e34d2015-1ff5-4531-ac48-378233143481" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "a3471e6e-e922-4533-84cc-862e51db6c86" }, { "title": "Homonymous Hemianopsia", "docid": "1cdca8f4-95f8-4d19-b28a-19a433d1a624" }, { "title": "Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Adult", "docid": "9d6bcceb-36a2-4f49-a5b2-1dd076541be8" }, { "title": "Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum", "docid": "c75baee2-7a4c-4fd8-9b3f-cc662d0f1c18" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "f7e736fa-1a24-4328-8b10-766eb9564a12" }, { "title": "Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum", "docid": "238ca32d-6bc6-4f5a-81b1-6601dd605856" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "6ea17531-6954-4072-a908-729a7bb1df06" }, { "title": "Ring-Enhancing Lesions", "docid": "3463ac7a-c216-4fbd-aa73-03166a6ebc52" }, { "title": "Signal/Attenuation Abnormalities of Corpus Callosum", "docid": "578bd09b-da74-43a2-b068-2d4854a61254" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "9e6f5082-8485-4f7d-8729-663ef9289d01" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "missing_d314f5f7-21b6-46d1-a51c-e796cacc012c", "title": "Venous Infarction", "docid": "d314f5f7-21b6-46d1-a51c-e796cacc012c", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Subacute Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "missing_552b58e6-aa5e-49b4-b9aa-e0413c07bf3c", "title": "Encephalitis/Cerebritis", "docid": "552b58e6-aa5e-49b4-b9aa-e0413c07bf3c", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Subacute Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/aortic-arch-and-great-vessels_a7a252f0-2ac6-402a-8c87-cfce8adc799b.md", "title": "Aortic Arch and Great Vessels", "docid": "a7a252f0-2ac6-402a-8c87-cfce8adc799b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Extracranial Arteries", "Aortic Arch and Great Vessels" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Extracranial Arteries, Aortic Arch and Great Vessels", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Primary Arteritis of CNS)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Aortic arch (AA); brachiocephalic trunk (BCT)\n - Right common carotid arteries (RCCA)\n - Left common carotid arteries (LCCA)\n - Right subclavian arteries (RSCA)\n - Left subclavian arteries (LSCA)\n - Congenital heart disease (CHD)\n- ### ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/anterior-cerebral-artery_1da0f3ae-7858-4ad7-bc22-ea2a245a4214.md", "title": "Anterior Cerebral Artery", "docid": "1da0f3ae-7858-4ad7-bc22-ea2a245a4214", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Intracranial Arteries", "Anterior Cerebral Artery" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Anterior Cerebral Artery", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Primary Arteritis of CNS)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)\n\n## GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Smaller, more medial terminal branch of supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA)\n - 3 segments\n - Horizontal or precommunicating (**A1**) segment\n - Ve...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-cerebral-artery_7bad3118-2ae8-4727-8f8d-fd8175c4e8c2.md", "title": "Posterior Cerebral Artery", "docid": "7bad3118-2ae8-4727-8f8d-fd8175c4e8c2", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Intracranial Arteries", "Posterior Cerebral Artery" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Posterior Cerebral Artery", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Primary Arteritis of CNS)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)\n - Posterior communicating artery (PCoA)\n - Basilar artery (BA)\n - Internal carotid artery (ICA)\n\n## GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Main BA terminal branches = 2 PCAs\n - 4 segments\n - Pre...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/middle-cerebral-artery_5658d6a5-aa61-4c8a-a6c7-a8d5aa5c41c4.md", "title": "Middle Cerebral Artery", "docid": "5658d6a5-aa61-4c8a-a6c7-a8d5aa5c41c4", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Intracranial Arteries", "Middle Cerebral Artery" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b", "value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "afaec833-e997-49c4-8eab-e28310c6c2bf", "value": "Adriene C. Eastaway, MD, MS" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Middle Cerebral Artery", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Primary Arteritis of CNS)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Middle cerebral artery (MCA)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Sylvian (lateral cerebral) fissure\n - Insula (island of Reil)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Opercula = parts of frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes that \"overhang\" and \"enclose\" sylvian fiss...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "missing_397752a7-6998-4375-8090-e097d775d180", "title": "Vasospasm", "docid": "397752a7-6998-4375-8090-e097d775d180", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Primary Arteritis of CNS)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "missing_9afdbab5-a2c4-41a6-a463-41e907f753b1", "title": "Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma", "docid": "9afdbab5-a2c4-41a6-a463-41e907f753b1", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Primary Arteritis of CNS)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/accessory-nerve-cnxi_9d50453e-c26a-46a3-826e-265736e43174.md", "title": "Accessory Nerve (CNXI)", "docid": "9d50453e-c26a-46a3-826e-265736e43174", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Accessory Nerve (CNXI)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "331a2dea-c845-43ff-8bca-cea47b6251f2", "value": "Siddhartha Gaddamanugu, MD" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Accessory Nerve (CNXI)", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Dural Sinus Thrombosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Accessory nerve (CNXI)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 11th cranial nerve (CN)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CNXI: Pure motor CN, supplying sternocleidomastoid, trapezius muscles (through spinal component) and palatal, pharyngeal, laryngeal muscles (throug...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/glossopharyngeal-nerve-cnix_172680f5-d290-4a02-b07e-63c1da75e148.md", "title": "Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)", "docid": "172680f5-d290-4a02-b07e-63c1da75e148", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3", "value": "Aparna Singhal, MD" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Dural Sinus Thrombosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 9th cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Mixed nerve with complex functions\n - Taste & sensation to posterior 1/3 of tongue\n - Sensory nerve to middle ear & pharynx\n ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/hypoglossal-nerve-cnxii_71012f02-fab7-42ed-bc60-e584dc229ccb.md", "title": "Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)", "docid": "71012f02-fab7-42ed-bc60-e584dc229ccb", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3", "value": "Aparna Singhal, MD" }, { "key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809", "value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Dural Sinus Thrombosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 12th cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CNXII: Motor nerve supplying intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles\n\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Motor cranial nerve to intrinsic ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/vagus-nerve-cnx_68b6ede4-c797-4d55-8d29-aed3df441741.md", "title": "Vagus Nerve (CNX)", "docid": "68b6ede4-c797-4d55-8d29-aed3df441741", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Vagus Nerve (CNX)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3", "value": "Aparna Singhal, MD" }, { "key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809", "value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Vagus Nerve (CNX)", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Dural Sinus Thrombosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Vagus nerve (CNX)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CNX: Longest and one of most complex cranial nerves (CN) with diverse functions, including parasympathetic (PS) innervation of neck, thoracic and abdominal viscera\n - Involved in autonomic regulation ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/carotid-space_627bdee1-4bde-46f2-b93d-958882586337.md", "title": "Carotid Space", "docid": "627bdee1-4bde-46f2-b93d-958882586337", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Neck", "Carotid Space" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD" }, { "key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915", "value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Neck, Carotid Space", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Dural Sinus Thrombosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Carotid space (CS)\n - Suprahyoid neck (SHN); infrahyoid neck (IHN)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Poststyloid parapharyngeal space (PPS) in SHN\n - Real PPS, a.k.a. prestyloid PPS\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Paired, tubular spaces surrounded ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cnix-glossopharyngeal-nerve_2e74a767-3f28-49be-a50f-1dbcc10ce90f.md", "title": "CNIX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)", "docid": "2e74a767-3f28-49be-a50f-1dbcc10ce90f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Cranial Nerves", "CNIX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3", "value": "Aparna Singhal, MD" }, { "key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915", "value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNIX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Dural Sinus Thrombosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 9th cranial nerve, CN9\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Mixed nerve with complex functions\n - Taste & sensation to posterior 1/3 of tongue\n - Sensory nerve to middle ear & pharynx...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cnxi-accessory-nerve_18e60151-70bc-40a1-9b4f-4b86f8fd65c2.md", "title": "CNXI (Accessory Nerve)", "docid": "18e60151-70bc-40a1-9b4f-4b86f8fd65c2", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Cranial Nerves", "CNXI (Accessory Nerve)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6013f8cc-4944-4129-a1fe-6af055868136", "value": "Thomas Jose Eluvathingal Muttikkal, MD" }, { "key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915", "value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNXI (Accessory Nerve)", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Dural Sinus Thrombosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Accessory nerve (CNXI)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 11th cranial nerve (CN), CN11\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CNXI: Pure motor CN, supplying sternocleidomastoid (SCM), trapezius muscles (through spinal component) and palatal, pharyngeal, and laryngeal...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cnxii-hypoglossal-nerve_f734d678-561c-47fd-afb5-dab6afacc1a8.md", "title": "CNXII (Hypoglossal Nerve)", "docid": "f734d678-561c-47fd-afb5-dab6afacc1a8", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Cranial Nerves", "CNXII (Hypoglossal Nerve)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3", "value": "Aparna Singhal, MD" }, { "key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915", "value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNXII (Hypoglossal Nerve)", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Dural Sinus Thrombosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 12th cranial nerve, CN12\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Motor nerve supplying intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles\n\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Motor cranial nerve to intrinsic a...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cnx-vagus-nerve_83868689-c995-4608-bed3-f59664cbd586.md", "title": "CNX (Vagus Nerve)", "docid": "83868689-c995-4608-bed3-f59664cbd586", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Cranial Nerves", "CNX (Vagus Nerve)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3", "value": "Aparna Singhal, MD" }, { "key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915", "value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNX (Vagus Nerve)", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Dural Sinus Thrombosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Vagus nerve (CNX)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - CN10\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CNX: Longest & one of most complex cranial nerves (CNs) with complex functions, including parasympathetic (PS) innervation of neck, thoracic & abdominal viscera\n - Invo...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/acute-subdural-hematoma_06930a44-3a5e-460c-84b3-6a0ea4468037.md", "title": "Acute Subdural Hematoma", "docid": "06930a44-3a5e-460c-84b3-6a0ea4468037", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Trauma", "Primary Effects of CNS Trauma", "Acute Subdural Hematoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "cdbaaa96-a7b4-4498-a355-a2823a7d9e26", "value": "Kelly A. Dahlstrom, DO" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Trauma, Primary Effects of CNS Trauma, Acute Subdural Hematoma", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Dural Sinus Thrombosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Acute blood in/between inner border cell layer of dura, arachnoid\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - NECT as initial screening study\n - Use both bone, soft tissue algorithms\n - Use both standard brain, wide windows (150 HU)\n - Coronal, s...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Empyema: Peripheral enhancement, hyperintensity on FLAIR; restricted diffusion on DWI", "docid": "3cfdee44-dcb3-4f48-bc1b-e528a0eeec59" }, { "title": "Epidural Hematoma", "docid": "6a81f77d-3a9d-42ba-9088-7187fcd602c3" }, { "title": "Intracranial hypotension", "docid": "6765f123-04be-4634-beb5-216838f5ca6b" }, { "title": "Homonymous Hemianopsia", "docid": "1cdca8f4-95f8-4d19-b28a-19a433d1a624" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/dural-sinus-lesion-general_2fbd9762-23d0-40cb-868f-ff7ef3304264.md", "title": "Dural Sinus Lesion, General", "docid": "2fbd9762-23d0-40cb-868f-ff7ef3304264", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "Skull Base", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Dural Sinus Lesion, General" ], "authors": [ { "key": "0672a616-96fb-43e8-809b-8be5d0b3b476", "value": "Luke N. Ledbetter, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Skull Base, Anatomically Based Differentials, Dural Sinus Lesion, General", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Dural Sinus Thrombosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Includes generic lesions affecting **all**dural venous sinuses\n - Cavernous sinus (CS) unique because of contents, proximity to skull base\n - Has diagnoses (e.g., perineural metastasis, aneurysm, schwann...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/meckel-cave-lesion_9c5ce268-caf8-4d2a-9735-9b415ad3c9c3.md", "title": "Meckel Cave Lesion", "docid": "9c5ce268-caf8-4d2a-9735-9b415ad3c9c3", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "Skull Base", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Meckel Cave Lesion" ], "authors": [ { "key": "26ebc2e8-e4f7-40ee-8f5c-d23fe383e15c", "value": "Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Skull Base, Anatomically Based Differentials, Meckel Cave Lesion", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Dural Sinus Thrombosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Normal Meckel cave (MC)\n - Anatomy\n - CSF-filled, duraarachnoid-lined invagination into cavernous sinus (CS)\n - Contains CNV fascicles, semilunar ganglion\n - Com...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/parenchymal-metastases_2cf0bd40-4597-4c0b-83e4-74340304b98f.md", "title": "Parenchymal Metastases", "docid": "2cf0bd40-4597-4c0b-83e4-74340304b98f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Neoplasms", "Metastatic Tumors", "Parenchymal Metastases" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Neoplasms, Metastatic Tumors, Parenchymal Metastases", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Hypertensive Intracranial Hemorrhage)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Secondary brain tumors (metastases) arise from\n - Tumors outside CNS spreading to CNS\n - Usually via hematogenous dissemination\n - Primary CNS neoplasms spreading from one site to another\n - Usually geog...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Sella, Pituitary, and Cavernous Sinus", "docid": "98f756c9-dac9-4568-bee5-42fe5be53f32" }, { "title": "Pia and Perivascular Spaces", "docid": "aade2e69-4af2-432e-8324-b4f0121d66d7" }, { "title": "White Matter Tracts", "docid": "846101a2-e892-4c70-9a32-c9fa887d073a" }, { "title": "Language Overview", "docid": "40f2ed79-0d31-4943-aaa2-7c3244a7e87b" }, { "title": "Ventricles and Choroid Plexus", "docid": "e00c86e1-f0b9-4b88-9184-c22d8dd927d8" }, { "title": "Cavernous Sinus", "docid": "2a0f0fa0-b60c-4a90-82de-9d78bdf42463" }, { "title": "Brain", "docid": "080771c2-02f3-408d-ad70-04a80d849500" } ] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Glioblastoma", "docid": "45c3147e-3a1b-4fbf-a626-ed6e99a02ac2" }, { "title": "1° CNS Lymphoma", "docid": "383f7bff-10a1-40d9-9a8b-bfabd1288520" }, { "title": "Abscess", "docid": "8c199d8a-99c4-4087-82e4-a54d5d80ec1e" }, { "title": "Multiple Embolic Cerebral Infarctions", "docid": "6dfc36d2-a561-49d5-a391-e740ba94e5d7" }, { "title": "Multiple Sclerosis", "docid": "abe95a5e-394f-411b-aca6-72ab160a1d0d" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "a3471e6e-e922-4533-84cc-862e51db6c86" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "58b32fb2-78a3-48c1-9aaf-5222667fe59f" }, { "title": "Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Adult", "docid": "9d6bcceb-36a2-4f49-a5b2-1dd076541be8" }, { "title": "Ring-Enhancing Lesions", "docid": "3463ac7a-c216-4fbd-aa73-03166a6ebc52" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/drug-abuse_48859403-0b26-44d8-ba74-e0919e4c3147.md", "title": "Drug Abuse", "docid": "48859403-0b26-44d8-ba74-e0919e4c3147", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations", "Drug Abuse" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Drug Abuse", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Hypertensive Intracranial Hemorrhage)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Many drugs (prescription, illicit, or street) have adverse CNS effects\n - Illicit drug use often causes cerebrovascular disease\n - Amphetamines, cocaine > opioids, cannabis\n - Polydrug abuse (including EtOH) is common\n - Nitrous ox...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Spontaneous Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage", "docid": "15aa4f01-2d4b-45ee-a1d4-8a079150569d" }, { "title": "Miscellaneous Vasculitis", "docid": "221f737a-6bfa-4331-b296-402e40973f7e" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "missing_cc2415f4-75a6-458d-800e-be31b3cf50c3", "title": "Vascular Malformation", "docid": "cc2415f4-75a6-458d-800e-be31b3cf50c3", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Hypertensive Intracranial Hemorrhage)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/abnormal-shape-configuration-of-corpus-callosum_238ca32d-6bc6-4f5a-81b1-6601dd605856.md", "title": "Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum", "docid": "238ca32d-6bc6-4f5a-81b1-6601dd605856", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Differential Diagnosis", "Brain", "Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Differential Diagnosis, Brain, Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Hypertensive Intracranial Hemorrhage)" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical features to consider\n - Normal corpus callosum (CC) varies in thickness & shape\n - Associated anomalies portend worse prognosis\n - If not congenital anomaly, clinical history is crucial\n ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cerebral-hemispheres-overview_7006e397-5012-4027-aff8-e8d7158166ee.md", "title": "Cerebral Hemispheres Overview", "docid": "7006e397-5012-4027-aff8-e8d7158166ee", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Cerebral Hemispheres Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Cerebral Hemispheres Overview", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Hydranencephaly)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Gyri: Complex convolutions of brain cortex\n - Sulci (fissure): CSF-filled grooves or clefts that separate gyri\n - Operculae: Parts of frontal, temporal, parietal lobes that overhang/enclose insula\n\n## GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ### Cerebral Hemispheres\n \n ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/limbic-system_f2a117ed-9429-441d-baa0-5e99e05722ac.md", "title": "Limbic System", "docid": "f2a117ed-9429-441d-baa0-5e99e05722ac", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Limbic System" ], "authors": [ { "key": "00279799-953b-49c0-b072-7b0ed0ac3122", "value": "Farshid Sepehrband, PhD, MS, BS" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Limbic System", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Hydranencephaly)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Limbic lobe\n - Phylogenetically older cortex\n - Fewer layers than neocortex\n - Major role in memory, olfaction, emotion\n - Composed of subcallosal, cingulate, parahippocampal gyri + hippocampus, dentate gyrus, subicul...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "missing_1bec8ee3-0ffc-4d3a-9cb8-d1dadbce2878", "title": "Alobar Holoprosencephaly", "docid": "1bec8ee3-0ffc-4d3a-9cb8-d1dadbce2878", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Hydranencephaly)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "missing_8e4d8e67-4878-4cf2-a640-602fce63655c", "title": "Severe Bilateral Open-Lip Schizencephaly", "docid": "8e4d8e67-4878-4cf2-a640-602fce63655c", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Hydranencephaly)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/maple-syrup-urine-disease_3a260d42-504b-4e53-bb38-a0df76b3670b.md", "title": "Maple Syrup Urine Disease", "docid": "3a260d42-504b-4e53-bb38-a0df76b3670b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Organic and Aminoacidopathies", "Maple Syrup Urine Disease" ], "authors": [ { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" }, { "key": "e8af6d26-3aad-47c9-9083-5128aab09af2", "value": "Susan I. Blaser, MD, FRCPC" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Organic and Aminoacidopathies, Maple Syrup Urine Disease", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)\n - Inherited disorder of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - MR with DWI best, but CT can make diagnosis in critically ill infant\n - NECT (early): Diffuse edema **not** sparing...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "White Matter Tracts", "docid": "846101a2-e892-4c70-9a32-c9fa887d073a" }, { "title": "Basal Ganglia", "docid": "a9de3815-ec59-4c78-adf0-94974065a7e3" }, { "title": "Thalamus", "docid": "b7f0cd6b-4ba2-4ed4-8dd0-5ca56d9ae92b" }, { "title": "Other Deep Gray Nuclei", "docid": "aba59a23-3d05-4ef5-a004-fc928a7c40d6" }, { "title": "Language Overview", "docid": "40f2ed79-0d31-4943-aaa2-7c3244a7e87b" }, { "title": "Brainstem Overview", "docid": "bf889ffb-646b-429d-8699-d9bd34e8e193" }, { "title": "Cerebellar Overview", "docid": "b624e76f-15b9-4c1f-910e-8f5581ac2cfe" }, { "title": "Midbrain", "docid": "628d8588-6898-45ba-b946-1702bcce1366" }, { "title": "Pons", "docid": "fc185efd-1f7a-4804-95f6-a49d0fa8aefb" }, { "title": "Cerebellum", "docid": "277bd2bc-3694-4712-a040-f69956b0b4ff" }, { "title": "Brain", "docid": "080771c2-02f3-408d-ad70-04a80d849500" }, { "title": "Anatomy Document", "docid": "931a002c-9dcc-4b1a-81ac-a55c418aee32" } ] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Alexander disease: Abnormal signal and enhancement of brainstem and aqueduct", "docid": "1a4b8c40-7e0f-4947-b43c-05e8a170a452" }, { "title": "Vanishing white matter: Findings are persistent", "docid": "ca72e9a3-1a59-48c8-940c-34167e9eef64" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "be3a8424-1c73-446e-88b1-15a7c659eee9" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/kernicterus_1c0c7b6a-574a-4dcc-bfe9-9b0530b14386.md", "title": "Kernicterus", "docid": "1c0c7b6a-574a-4dcc-bfe9-9b0530b14386", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations", "Kernicterus" ], "authors": [ { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" }, { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Kernicterus", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Kernicterus or bilirubin encephalopathy: Pathologic bilirubin staining of basal ganglia, brainstem, and hippocampi associated with hyperbilirubinemia\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - Acute: ↑ T1 signal in globus pallidus (GP), subthalamic nuclei (STN), hippocamp...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury", "docid": "e3e9538d-fac5-4a1f-8c7a-c989c692ff39" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "missing_af0be376-e7f1-420b-b09d-0a5d636ac628", "title": "Hypoglycemia", "docid": "af0be376-e7f1-420b-b09d-0a5d636ac628", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/torch-infections_3b509e1c-83cf-4793-8307-e0afa70781ce.md", "title": "TORCH Infections", "docid": "3b509e1c-83cf-4793-8307-e0afa70781ce", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Brain", "Metabolic, Infectious, and Inflammatory Disorders", "TORCH Infections" ], "authors": [ { "key": "838e1722-2479-4fbd-a5fe-d965980a1a2c", "value": "Blaise V. Jones, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Brain, Metabolic, Infectious, and Inflammatory Disorders, TORCH Infections", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - TORCH/TORCHES: Acronym for congenital infections caused by transplacental transmission of pathogens\n - **T**oxoplasmosis (toxo) → *Toxoplasma gondii*\n - **O**ther (Zika → Zika virus)\n - **R**ubella → rubella virus\n - **...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Tuberous Sclerosis", "docid": "be507b69-ef34-4ad7-b891-fc3652d51176" }, { "title": "Neurocysticercosis", "docid": "d518dff8-cc30-46e5-8894-3926e6b987cf" }, { "title": "Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy With Subcortical Cysts", "docid": "579b64e3-ef6c-494b-8e26-9c79e6ace6aa" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "missing_a45f63bb-c25b-481d-a001-9c520c58060b", "title": "Acute Encephalitis", "docid": "a45f63bb-c25b-481d-a001-9c520c58060b", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Childhood Stroke)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "missing_40004435-b768-4baf-a31e-651f8a174fe2", "title": "Mitochondrial Encephalopathies", "docid": "40004435-b768-4baf-a31e-651f8a174fe2", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Childhood Stroke)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/acute-hypertensive-encephalopathy-pres_efc6f9c2-dad9-4eb8-bad2-421bfaf1ec57.md", "title": "Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES", "docid": "efc6f9c2-dad9-4eb8-bad2-421bfaf1ec57", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Pediatric Neuroradiology", "Brain", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Childhood Stroke)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Cerebrovascular autoregulatory disorder\n - Many etiologies with HTN as common component\n - Glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, sepsis\n - Drug toxicity (e.g., chemotherapy, cyclosporine)\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - General\n - P...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction", "docid": "7a3ed4a9-ae05-4d64-ae8e-6a30105501e1" }, { "title": "Encephalitis", "docid": "c2e7e8a3-254a-48b4-8187-bfffaf95407a" }, { "title": "ADEM, Brain", "docid": "ed94b660-cf20-4ebb-8d6f-2b93505f2928" }, { "title": "Status Epilepticus", "docid": "bb0430ba-9933-40b4-a95b-97ca85070486" }, { "title": "Hypoglycemia", "docid": "bd221c1a-5b9c-4213-a0e1-df38acc3bd62" }, { "title": "Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome", "docid": "c3a19be2-1f91-4dcb-b63a-cbfdaeaca5c1" }, { "title": "Intracranial Hemorrhage", "docid": "3a9cbed6-aa2c-45a0-88bf-b39f1523ee85" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "missing_88524348-177d-4b8f-8029-5d065a2349f0", "title": "Mitochondrial Encephalopathies", "docid": "88524348-177d-4b8f-8029-5d065a2349f0", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Childhood Stroke)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "missing_1a126429-d4c6-4bbf-9181-1a6e0093e5f9", "title": "Neonatal Herpes Encephalitis", "docid": "1a126429-d4c6-4bbf-9181-1a6e0093e5f9", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Childhood Stroke)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "missing_8656e127-afc7-4bca-82dc-589d0a9b5093", "title": "Group B Strep Meningitis", "docid": "8656e127-afc7-4bca-82dc-589d0a9b5093", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Childhood Stroke)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "missing_5a4d4cbd-67e3-4722-8a44-8d411cbb98f0", "title": "Large Vessel Inflammatory Vasculitis", "docid": "5a4d4cbd-67e3-4722-8a44-8d411cbb98f0", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Moyamoya)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "missing_8d21d962-9c43-47bd-b995-c73f20e46b47", "title": "Cerebral Arterial Atherosclerosis", "docid": "8d21d962-9c43-47bd-b995-c73f20e46b47", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Moyamoya)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/status-epilepticus_a058b733-4b80-46a1-8097-d68685ecf921.md", "title": "Status Epilepticus", "docid": "a058b733-4b80-46a1-8097-d68685ecf921", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations", "Status Epilepticus" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Status Epilepticus", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome)" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Seizure with ≥ 5 minutes continuous clinical &/or electrographic seizure activity, or recurrent seizure activity without recovery between seizures\n - Synonyms: Transient seizure-related MR changes, reversible postictal cerebral edema\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Default Mode Network", "docid": "a29f7551-d39d-4deb-933e-b8d2816168c3" }, { "title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "docid": "849da2a0-4a32-4a07-8f00-c69291e59434" }, { "title": "Language Overview", "docid": "40f2ed79-0d31-4943-aaa2-7c3244a7e87b" }, { "title": "Functional Network Overview", "docid": "ef0be4c8-3d36-4ca9-b4c5-f22f66d2b367" }, { "title": "Attention Control Network", "docid": "a1bedda5-6478-40b2-98e7-6c5f5363b06f" }, { "title": "Limbic Network", "docid": "e1a20b61-b2c1-44c5-ba04-59843855bfef" }, { "title": "Memory Overview", "docid": "40e2e25f-421b-4653-94e3-641b09b47e4d" }, { "title": "Social Brain Anatomy", "docid": "0352d34a-5966-494e-b9c3-c26bde257bca" }, { "title": "Cerebral Hemispheres Overview", "docid": "7006e397-5012-4027-aff8-e8d7158166ee" }, { "title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "docid": "299a5990-1805-4018-85b5-191d8416385b" }, { "title": "Functional Network Overview", "docid": "7b97f239-0f6f-4809-ac44-594cdf4842d5" }, { "title": "Brain", "docid": "080771c2-02f3-408d-ad70-04a80d849500" }, { "title": "Limbic System", "docid": "f2a117ed-9429-441d-baa0-5e99e05722ac" } ] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction", "docid": "a405285f-aaea-43ca-8dc4-6f8120eaabc1" }, { "title": "Herpes Encephalitis", "docid": "6bbe5645-2178-411e-871e-8878d244f482" }, { "title": "Mesial Temporal Sclerosis", "docid": "3861ee73-c82c-49f2-a60f-8fd08f7e6165" }, { "title": "Vasculitis", "docid": "5a4d4cbd-67e3-4722-8a44-8d411cbb98f0" }, { "title": "Multiple Sclerosis", "docid": "7892b2a2-f52a-4d7f-9858-a326f2b7ab04" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/acute-hypertensive-encephalopathy-pres_890c1bd4-c108-49a1-8557-c8c701a7f278.md", "title": "Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES", "docid": "890c1bd4-c108-49a1-8557-c8c701a7f278", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations", "Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome)" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Cerebrovascular autoregulatory disorder\n - Many etiologies with HTN as common component\n - Preeclampsia, eclampsia\n - Drug toxicity (e.g., chemotherapy)\n - Uremic encephalopathies\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - General\n - Pa...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction", "docid": "a405285f-aaea-43ca-8dc4-6f8120eaabc1" }, { "title": "Hypoglycemia", "docid": "38e4de6e-07c4-485e-bac1-f4dd4815b3b8" }, { "title": "Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome", "docid": "e5d89e00-aaa7-4809-8d9b-82c0f89d5d01" }, { "title": "Status Epilepticus", "docid": "a058b733-4b80-46a1-8097-d68685ecf921" }, { "title": "Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome", "docid": "e66febb9-d79e-4f04-88b1-205ba8a0822f" }, { "title": "Intracranial Hemorrhage", "docid": "3a9cbed6-aa2c-45a0-88bf-b39f1523ee85" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/intracranial-internal-carotid-artery_7e9c58f7-6ba0-41e2-a363-43299fac430e.md", "title": "Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery", "docid": "7e9c58f7-6ba0-41e2-a363-43299fac430e", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Intracranial Arteries", "Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Moyamoya)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Internal carotid artery (ICA)\n - Ophthalmic artery (OA)\n - Cavernous sinus (CS)\n\n## GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Complex course with several vertical/horizontal segments, 3 genus (1 petrous, 2 cavernous)\n - 6 intracranial segment...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/transcranial-doppler_914fd68b-ddab-4640-bcc4-883c425d13f8.md", "title": "Transcranial Doppler", "docid": "914fd68b-ddab-4640-bcc4-883c425d13f8", "breadcrumbs": [ "Ultrasound", "Anatomy", "Brain and Spine", "Transcranial Doppler" ], "authors": [ { "key": "2a5e84a9-1a3f-42a4-b5ae-d081e54c8a55", "value": "Stella Sin Yee Ho, RDMS, RVT, PhD" }, { "key": "944c1fa1-404a-4d64-a8fd-ea6184a7c876", "value": "Deyond Y. W. Siu, MBChB, FRCR" }, { "key": "961f3a7f-ad62-43bc-98f4-5116b17ab812", "value": "Paula J. Woodward, MD, FSRU" } ], "pageKeywords": "Ultrasound, Anatomy, Brain and Spine, Transcranial Doppler", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Moyamoya)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - **Carotid arteries**\n - Common carotid (CCA); internal carotid (ICA)\n - **Cerebral arteries**\n - Anterior (ACA); middle (MCA); posterior (PCA)\n - **Communicating arteries**\n - Anterior (ACoA); posterior (PCoA)\n - **...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/normal-aging-brain_7a76b1cd-006d-4bb5-9528-8634be8c88d6.md", "title": "Normal Aging Brain", "docid": "7a76b1cd-006d-4bb5-9528-8634be8c88d6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Dementias and Degenerative Disorders", "Normal Aging Brain" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Normal Aging Brain", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Arteriolosclerosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - ↓ overall brain volume with advancing age\n - Reflected in relative ↑ CSF spaces\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - Broad spectrum of \"normal\" on imaging in older adults\n - \"Successfully aging brain\"\n - Smooth, thin, periventricular, high signa...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Default Mode Network", "docid": "a29f7551-d39d-4deb-933e-b8d2816168c3" }, { "title": "Cerebral Hemispheres Overview", "docid": "7006e397-5012-4027-aff8-e8d7158166ee" }, { "title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "docid": "849da2a0-4a32-4a07-8f00-c69291e59434" }, { "title": "Limbic System", "docid": "f2a117ed-9429-441d-baa0-5e99e05722ac" }, { "title": "Language Overview", "docid": "40f2ed79-0d31-4943-aaa2-7c3244a7e87b" }, { "title": "Functional Network Overview", "docid": "ef0be4c8-3d36-4ca9-b4c5-f22f66d2b367" }, { "title": "Attention Control Network", "docid": "a1bedda5-6478-40b2-98e7-6c5f5363b06f" }, { "title": "Social Brain Anatomy", "docid": "0352d34a-5966-494e-b9c3-c26bde257bca" }, { "title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "docid": "299a5990-1805-4018-85b5-191d8416385b" }, { "title": "Functional Network Overview", "docid": "7b97f239-0f6f-4809-ac44-594cdf4842d5" }, { "title": "Brain", "docid": "080771c2-02f3-408d-ad70-04a80d849500" } ] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Alzheimer Disease", "docid": "aa75d198-88b8-45c2-8a35-750631009166" }, { "title": "Sporadic Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy", "docid": "04ea59bd-ea30-4858-a2f8-f3ab0906ac8f" }, { "title": "Vascular Dementia", "docid": "20864adf-5e46-4fbf-ba27-e8e30fa6506f" }, { "title": "Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration", "docid": "596be24d-885f-40ed-832e-2de041f974f5" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/multiple-sclerosis_abe95a5e-394f-411b-aca6-72ab160a1d0d.md", "title": "Multiple Sclerosis", "docid": "abe95a5e-394f-411b-aca6-72ab160a1d0d", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases", "Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease", "Multiple Sclerosis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, Multiple Sclerosis", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Arteriolosclerosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Idiopathic chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of CNS\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - Multiple perpendicular callososeptal T2 hyperintensities characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS)\n - Perivenular extension: \"Dawson fingers\"\n - Bilateral, ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "White Matter Tracts", "docid": "846101a2-e892-4c70-9a32-c9fa887d073a" }, { "title": "Language Overview", "docid": "40f2ed79-0d31-4943-aaa2-7c3244a7e87b" }, { "title": "Cranial Nerves Overview", "docid": "1edc42e3-5c31-42b9-b8b8-44cc3bd38432" }, { "title": "Olfactory Nerve (CNI)", "docid": "c4a6920b-a112-4a51-921f-60d2f0a479ef" }, { "title": "Optic Nerve (CNII)", "docid": "54712d62-1940-4028-8161-4cfd3c4dbb20" }, { "title": "Oculomotor Nerve (CNIII)", "docid": "495aba11-106f-439d-8516-6a445b085919" }, { "title": "Trochlear Nerve (CNIV)", "docid": "cc69e654-b9cd-465b-8437-fba44f3c034b" }, { "title": "Abducens Nerve (CNVI)", "docid": "655e63da-d744-4267-9d90-07f52493bbc0" }, { "title": "Facial Nerve (CNVII)", "docid": "2f4818dd-6438-405b-8561-5cbbb9c91562" }, { "title": "Anatomy Document", "docid": "fdb933e1-ce0c-4f99-9ddb-cbe5f3b0f015" }, { "title": "Cranial Nerves Overview", "docid": "170ad135-ca16-497a-80de-5a24b9ca2f47" }, { "title": "CNI (Olfactory Nerve)", "docid": "54c329dd-8363-4b61-9af3-bf78909ea790" }, { "title": "CNII (Optic Nerve)", "docid": "1b5322bb-bdca-4605-9ab5-43598b5c322f" }, { "title": "CNIII (Oculomotor Nerve)", "docid": "ad21daaf-1f28-4f9c-bc74-3d0142c167ab" }, { "title": "CNIV (Trochlear Nerve)", "docid": "52486223-9cb5-43f5-b9af-c46431ae6637" }, { "title": "CNV (Trigeminal Nerve)", "docid": "9db87cfa-58ff-45fd-a7fd-fe8c73eb9770" }, { "title": "CNVI (Abducens Nerve)", "docid": "923d7c4a-93a3-42ba-b8db-c7b15348e473" }, { "title": "CNVII (Facial Nerve)", "docid": "98cb2d45-e64c-4295-9662-3470cd46513a" }, { "title": "Accessory Nerve (CNXI)", "docid": "9d50453e-c26a-46a3-826e-265736e43174" }, { "title": "Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)", "docid": "172680f5-d290-4a02-b07e-63c1da75e148" }, { "title": "Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)", "docid": "71012f02-fab7-42ed-bc60-e584dc229ccb" }, { "title": "Trigeminal Nerve (CNV)", "docid": "06e99da6-48fc-45f4-a571-97d12a15f365" }, { "title": "Vagus Nerve (CNX)", "docid": "68b6ede4-c797-4d55-8d29-aed3df441741" }, { "title": "Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CNVIII)", "docid": "498e844d-faca-4c6a-bff1-9c6ad4993e62" }, { "title": "CNIX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)", "docid": "2e74a767-3f28-49be-a50f-1dbcc10ce90f" }, { "title": "CNVIII (Vestibulocochlear Nerve)", "docid": "e9917c41-94c9-46aa-b9d8-b196c375d35b" }, { "title": "CNXI (Accessory Nerve)", "docid": "18e60151-70bc-40a1-9b4f-4b86f8fd65c2" }, { "title": "CNXII (Hypoglossal Nerve)", "docid": "f734d678-561c-47fd-afb5-dab6afacc1a8" }, { "title": "CNX (Vagus Nerve)", "docid": "83868689-c995-4608-bed3-f59664cbd586" }, { "title": "Brain", "docid": "080771c2-02f3-408d-ad70-04a80d849500" } ] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Arteriolosclerosis", "docid": "07e561a5-0554-4867-b811-448c36890ee3" }, { "title": "ADEM", "docid": "7066708a-9349-472e-b210-849cca6426d7" }, { "title": "Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders", "docid": "f57dae26-d222-42bf-87b1-c09e66299c1c" }, { "title": "Miscellaneous Vasculitis", "docid": "221f737a-6bfa-4331-b296-402e40973f7e" }, { "title": "Susac Syndrome", "docid": "5408755d-e5f0-488c-9f84-a4e4d91664eb" }, { "title": "Lyme Disease", "docid": "082aad00-d3cf-4b75-a9aa-5ed2c724959c" }, { "title": "Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)", "docid": "e20e1ef7-13f4-4e23-8387-dd3de6721bfe" }, { "title": "Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum", "docid": "238ca32d-6bc6-4f5a-81b1-6601dd605856" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "2b17f148-bf71-4b13-8373-d3c65459dd67" }, { "title": "Enhancing Cranial Nerve(s)", "docid": "6471fb1c-d46d-47cd-8322-1671e82335c3" }, { "title": "Homonymous Hemianopsia", "docid": "1cdca8f4-95f8-4d19-b28a-19a433d1a624" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "58b32fb2-78a3-48c1-9aaf-5222667fe59f" }, { "title": "Ring-Enhancing Lesions", "docid": "3463ac7a-c216-4fbd-aa73-03166a6ebc52" }, { "title": "Signal/Attenuation Abnormalities of Corpus Callosum", "docid": "578bd09b-da74-43a2-b068-2d4854a61254" }, { "title": "Trigeminal Neuralgia", "docid": "294f4a67-30d6-4488-bd1a-931d1f8c7609" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "50022134-773c-4771-b07d-4d64c6c2dbe5" }, { "title": "Hemifacial Spasm", "docid": "1b390143-1212-4447-beb3-ed9e85ef34e4" }, { "title": "Peripheral Facial Nerve Paralysis", "docid": "4da52ac4-c03c-4711-ae7e-bb4f2f7c5ab8" }, { "title": "Trigeminal Neuropathy", "docid": "6d668284-4c8e-4a14-90b6-c7abf86065e6" }, { "title": "Vocal Cord Paralysis (Right)", "docid": "b8a07cab-5427-4efe-b55d-2460fec053db" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/vascular-dementia_20864adf-5e46-4fbf-ba27-e8e30fa6506f.md", "title": "Vascular Dementia", "docid": "20864adf-5e46-4fbf-ba27-e8e30fa6506f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Dementias and Degenerative Disorders", "Vascular Dementia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Vascular Dementia", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Arteriolosclerosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Vascular dementia (VaD), multiinfarct dementia (MID), vascular cognitive impairment (VCI)\n - Stepwise progressive ↓ in cognitive function\n - Heterogeneous group of disorders with varying etiologies, pathologic subtypes\n - VaD often mixed et...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Default Mode Network", "docid": "a29f7551-d39d-4deb-933e-b8d2816168c3" }, { "title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "docid": "849da2a0-4a32-4a07-8f00-c69291e59434" }, { "title": "Basal Ganglia", "docid": "a9de3815-ec59-4c78-adf0-94974065a7e3" }, { "title": "Limbic System", "docid": "f2a117ed-9429-441d-baa0-5e99e05722ac" }, { "title": "Language Overview", "docid": "40f2ed79-0d31-4943-aaa2-7c3244a7e87b" }, { "title": "Functional Network Overview", "docid": "ef0be4c8-3d36-4ca9-b4c5-f22f66d2b367" }, { "title": "Attention Control Network", "docid": "a1bedda5-6478-40b2-98e7-6c5f5363b06f" }, { "title": "Limbic Network", "docid": "e1a20b61-b2c1-44c5-ba04-59843855bfef" }, { "title": "Social Brain Anatomy", "docid": "0352d34a-5966-494e-b9c3-c26bde257bca" }, { "title": "Brainstem Overview", "docid": "bf889ffb-646b-429d-8699-d9bd34e8e193" }, { "title": "Pons", "docid": "fc185efd-1f7a-4804-95f6-a49d0fa8aefb" }, { "title": "Cerebral Hemispheres Overview", "docid": "7006e397-5012-4027-aff8-e8d7158166ee" }, { "title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "docid": "299a5990-1805-4018-85b5-191d8416385b" }, { "title": "Functional Network Overview", "docid": "7b97f239-0f6f-4809-ac44-594cdf4842d5" }, { "title": "Brain", "docid": "080771c2-02f3-408d-ad70-04a80d849500" } ] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Alzheimer Disease", "docid": "aa75d198-88b8-45c2-8a35-750631009166" }, { "title": "Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration", "docid": "596be24d-885f-40ed-832e-2de041f974f5" }, { "title": "Alcoholic Encephalopathy", "docid": "92dbfe0f-9412-413d-b4d6-75061942e732" }, { "title": "CADASIL", "docid": "cd432d21-494c-4410-b608-5b03cc8ada3a" }, { "title": "Dementia With Lewy Bodies", "docid": "2d268550-c8de-40a6-9843-ee957a904d12" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/enhancing-cranial-nerves_6471fb1c-d46d-47cd-8322-1671e82335c3.md", "title": "Enhancing Cranial Nerve(s)", "docid": "6471fb1c-d46d-47cd-8322-1671e82335c3", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "Cranial Nerves and Brainstem", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Enhancing Cranial Nerve(s)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "20008105-51da-4bbf-aba6-e8253b2d9c21", "value": "Daniel E. Meltzer, MD" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Cranial Nerves and Brainstem, Generic Imaging Patterns, Enhancing Cranial Nerve(s)", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Arteriolosclerosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Enhancement of cisternal, cavernous sinus cranial nerve (CN) segments always abnormal\n - Which CN(s) are affected\n - Optic nerve: Multiple sclerosis (MS), neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) (optic glioma), viral/p...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "missing_8c199d8a-99c4-4087-82e4-a54d5d80ec1e", "title": "Encephalitis/Cerebritis", "docid": "8c199d8a-99c4-4087-82e4-a54d5d80ec1e", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Subacute Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/intracranial-hemorrhage_3a9cbed6-aa2c-45a0-88bf-b39f1523ee85.md", "title": "Intracranial Hemorrhage", "docid": "3a9cbed6-aa2c-45a0-88bf-b39f1523ee85", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Differential Diagnosis", "Brain", "Intracranial Hemorrhage" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Differential Diagnosis, Brain, Intracranial Hemorrhage", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Subacute Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical features to consider\n - Age, history of present illness, past medical history\n - Preceding trauma may be obvious [e.g., motor vehicle accident (MVA)] or occult (e.g., child abuse), parti...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/ring-enhancing-lesions_3463ac7a-c216-4fbd-aa73-03166a6ebc52.md", "title": "Ring-Enhancing Lesions", "docid": "3463ac7a-c216-4fbd-aa73-03166a6ebc52", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Differential Diagnosis", "Brain", "Ring-Enhancing Lesions" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Differential Diagnosis, Brain, Ring-Enhancing Lesions", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Subacute Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical features to consider\n - Signs/symptoms of infection help narrow differential\n - Many infections have manifestations outside of CNS\n - CNS metastases are rare in children vs. adults\n ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "missing_e5d89e00-aaa7-4809-8d9b-82c0f89d5d01", "title": "Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome, Migraine Headaches", "docid": "e5d89e00-aaa7-4809-8d9b-82c0f89d5d01", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Vasospasm)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "missing_7fdf69fa-c171-4e6b-b6d7-4e8fc94fdc53", "title": "Meningitis", "docid": "7fdf69fa-c171-4e6b-b6d7-4e8fc94fdc53", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Vasospasm)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/herpes-encephalitis-type-1_556f5f76-c20b-44ca-a913-c53b11c93341.md", "title": "Herpes Encephalitis Type 1", "docid": "556f5f76-c20b-44ca-a913-c53b11c93341", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Pediatric Neuroradiology", "Brain", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious Disease", "Acquired Infections", "Herpes Encephalitis Type 1" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious Disease, Acquired Infections, Herpes Encephalitis Type 1", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Childhood Stroke)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - **HSV1** brain infection\n - Typically reactivation in immunocompetent patients\n - **Different from neonatal (HSV2)**herpes encephalitis\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in **mesial temporal, subfrontal, insular, and cingular cortex*...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Other Encephalitides", "docid": "c2e7e8a3-254a-48b4-8187-bfffaf95407a" }, { "title": "Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction", "docid": "7a3ed4a9-ae05-4d64-ae8e-6a30105501e1" }, { "title": "Status Epilepticus", "docid": "bb0430ba-9933-40b4-a95b-97ca85070486" }, { "title": "Limbic Encephalitis", "docid": "f94d90d8-17d1-40cf-abad-3fc39d18fad3" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/group-b-streptococcal-meningitis_bafa10c7-e65b-4432-9959-b8e5e4af708c.md", "title": "Group B Streptococcal Meningitis", "docid": "bafa10c7-e65b-4432-9959-b8e5e4af708c", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Pediatric Neuroradiology", "Brain", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious Disease", "Congenital/Neonatal Infections", "Group B Streptococcal Meningitis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious Disease, Congenital/Neonatal Infections, Group B Streptococcal Meningitis", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Childhood Stroke)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Group B β-hemolytic streptococcal (GBS) meningitis\n - Leading newborn meningitis cause in developed countries\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - Acute: Meningitis, cerebritis, vasculitis, ventriculitis, subdural effusion, empyema, arterial and venous infarction...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Cranial Meninges", "docid": "3210cf7d-5be6-4741-a11d-dd7f8c1bc286" }, { "title": "Limbic Network", "docid": "e1a20b61-b2c1-44c5-ba04-59843855bfef" }, { "title": "Basal Ganglia", "docid": "a9de3815-ec59-4c78-adf0-94974065a7e3" } ] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "TORCH Infections", "docid": "3b509e1c-83cf-4793-8307-e0afa70781ce" }, { "title": "Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy", "docid": "92cff1ec-37d9-499c-b871-86d819568dab" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/complex-cranial-nerve-9-12-neuropathy_5f1443a4-b34c-4075-a8d1-d5aa3718348d.md", "title": "Complex Cranial Nerve 9-12 Neuropathy", "docid": "5f1443a4-b34c-4075-a8d1-d5aa3718348d", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "Cranial Nerves and Brainstem", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Complex Cranial Nerve 9-12 Neuropathy" ], "authors": [ { "key": "eef2f839-5706-47b9-89c3-60d8315b2b3a", "value": "Nicholas A. Koontz, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Cranial Nerves and Brainstem, Clinically Based Differentials, Complex Cranial Nerve 9-12 Neuropathy", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Lesions causing injury to CNIX-XII are found anywhere along nerve's course from medulla to end organ\n - CNIX & CNXII remain suprahyoid\n - CNX & CNXI course infrahyoid\n - CNX in carotid s...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/hemifacial-spasm_5b8be233-f227-4365-9e58-df57a7950b29.md", "title": "Hemifacial Spasm", "docid": "5b8be233-f227-4365-9e58-df57a7950b29", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Diagnosis", "CPA-IAC", "Vascular Lesions", "Hemifacial Spasm" ], "authors": [ { "key": "eef2f839-5706-47b9-89c3-60d8315b2b3a", "value": "Nicholas A. Koontz, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, CPA-IAC, Vascular Lesions, Hemifacial Spasm", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Overall statistics\n - In > 95% of cases, **arterial vascular loop** is cause of hemifacial spasm (HFS)\n - All other causes listed account for < 5% of cases\n - HFS\n - Definition: Segmental myo...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/hemifacial-spasm_1b390143-1212-4447-beb3-ed9e85ef34e4.md", "title": "Hemifacial Spasm", "docid": "1b390143-1212-4447-beb3-ed9e85ef34e4", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Hemifacial Spasm" ], "authors": [ { "key": "eef2f839-5706-47b9-89c3-60d8315b2b3a", "value": "Nicholas A. Koontz, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Clinically Based Differentials, Hemifacial Spasm", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Overall statistics\n - In > 95% of cases, **arterial vascular loop** is cause of hemifacial spasm (HFS)\n - All other causes listed account for < 5% of cases\n - HFS\n - Definition: Segmental myocl...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/oculomotor-trochlear-or-abducens-neuropathy_01092f4c-ec92-43df-a667-b3ee93b8a268.md", "title": "Oculomotor, Trochlear, or Abducens Neuropathy", "docid": "01092f4c-ec92-43df-a667-b3ee93b8a268", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "Cranial Nerves and Brainstem", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Oculomotor, Trochlear, or Abducens Neuropathy" ], "authors": [ { "key": "eef2f839-5706-47b9-89c3-60d8315b2b3a", "value": "Nicholas A. Koontz, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Cranial Nerves and Brainstem, Clinically Based Differentials, Oculomotor, Trochlear, or Abducens Neuropathy", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Cranial nerves supply 6 extraocular muscles\n - CNIII: All muscles but superior oblique (CNIV) & lateral rectus (CNVI)\n - CNIII, IV, VI all have brainstem, cisternal, cavernous sinus (CS), & orbital components\n...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/peripheral-facial-nerve-paralysis_cff540e8-4e2c-4cc7-aa46-8e6ca277bb85.md", "title": "Peripheral Facial Nerve Paralysis", "docid": "cff540e8-4e2c-4cc7-aa46-8e6ca277bb85", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "Temporal Bone", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Peripheral Facial Nerve Paralysis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "eef2f839-5706-47b9-89c3-60d8315b2b3a", "value": "Nicholas A. Koontz, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Temporal Bone, Clinically Based Differentials, Peripheral Facial Nerve Paralysis", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Peripheral facial nerve paralysis\n - Definition: Unilateral facial nerve injury between pontine motor nucleus & proximal extracranial facial nerve trunk after it emerges from stylomastoid foramen\n ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "missing_50022134-773c-4771-b07d-4d64c6c2dbe5", "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "50022134-773c-4771-b07d-4d64c6c2dbe5", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/vocal-cord-paralysis-right_b8a07cab-5427-4efe-b55d-2460fec053db.md", "title": "Vocal Cord Paralysis (Right)", "docid": "b8a07cab-5427-4efe-b55d-2460fec053db", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "Hypopharynx and Larynx", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Vocal Cord Paralysis (Right)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06", "value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Hypopharynx and Larynx, Clinically Based Differentials, Vocal Cord Paralysis (Right)", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Right vagus nerve (CNX) extends from brainstem nuclei to level of clavicle\n - Right recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) arises from CNX anterior to right subclavian artery (SCA), then passes beneath SCA over lung ape...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/homonymous-hemianopsia_1cdca8f4-95f8-4d19-b28a-19a433d1a624.md", "title": "Homonymous Hemianopsia", "docid": "1cdca8f4-95f8-4d19-b28a-19a433d1a624", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "Cranial Nerves and Brainstem", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Homonymous Hemianopsia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "e61f84c0-fe96-48cc-8bd4-294dd3bb3ae6", "value": "Kristine M. Mosier, DMD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Cranial Nerves and Brainstem, Clinically Based Differentials, Homonymous Hemianopsia", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical terminology\n - Homonymous hemianopsia (HH) = blindness in ipsilateral 1/2 of visual field\n - Sectoranopia = loss of vision in sector of visual field\n - Incongruous HH = incomplete or as...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/trigeminal-neuralgia_294f4a67-30d6-4488-bd1a-931d1f8c7609.md", "title": "Trigeminal Neuralgia", "docid": "294f4a67-30d6-4488-bd1a-931d1f8c7609", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "Cranial Nerves and Brainstem", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Trigeminal Neuralgia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "eef2f839-5706-47b9-89c3-60d8315b2b3a", "value": "Nicholas A. Koontz, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Cranial Nerves and Brainstem, Clinically Based Differentials, Trigeminal Neuralgia", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Overall statistics\n - 80-90% are due to vascular compression of cisternal segment of CNV at root entry zone\n - ~ 90% arterial vascular loop\n - Superior cerebellar arter...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/trigeminal-neuropathy_6d668284-4c8e-4a14-90b6-c7abf86065e6.md", "title": "Trigeminal Neuropathy", "docid": "6d668284-4c8e-4a14-90b6-c7abf86065e6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "Cranial Nerves and Brainstem", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Trigeminal Neuropathy" ], "authors": [ { "key": "ab4396df-0647-4f6a-b534-995eda06646c", "value": "Nancy J. Fischbein, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Cranial Nerves and Brainstem, Clinically Based Differentials, Trigeminal Neuropathy", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - **Neuropathy vs. neuralgia**\n - Trigeminal neuropathy refers to dysfunction of CNV, sensory or motor\n - Numbness in skin &/or mucosal membranes in distribution of CNV or one of its branches\n ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/zellweger-syndrome-and-peroxisomal-biogenesis-disorders_5a3e0701-0615-4e17-b102-d67a399a9fc2.md", "title": "Zellweger Syndrome and Peroxisomal Biogenesis Disorders", "docid": "5a3e0701-0615-4e17-b102-d67a399a9fc2", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Pediatric Neuroradiology", "Brain", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Peroxisomal Disorders", "Zellweger Syndrome and Peroxisomal Biogenesis Disorders" ], "authors": [ { "key": "838e1722-2479-4fbd-a5fe-d965980a1a2c", "value": "Blaise V. Jones, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Peroxisomal Disorders, Zellweger Syndrome and Peroxisomal Biogenesis Disorders", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of White Matter Injury of Prematurity)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Disorders of peroxisome biosynthesis, assembly, and biochemical functions\n - Varying phenotypes reflect degree of dysfunction\n - Severe: Zellweger syndrome (ZS)\n - Moderate: Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD)\n - Mild: Infan...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Congenital CMV", "docid": "ad51c41b-8389-4adb-b4b0-f1d35a380338" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/aneurysmal-subarachnoid-hemorrhage_9109b698-5ee5-49c4-ba0c-1a86f1fbede4.md", "title": "Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage", "docid": "9109b698-5ee5-49c4-ba0c-1a86f1fbede4", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Aneurysms", "Subarachnoid Hemorrhage", "Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Aneurysms, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - SAH caused by ruptured aneurysm (aSAH)\n - Saccular (SA) > > dissecting aneurysm (DA)\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - CT/CTA\n - Hyperdense cisterns/sulci on NECT\n - Within 6 hours after ictus, sensitivity ~ 100%\n - Dis...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Perimesencephalic SAH", "docid": "09db329f-e08a-4075-9a94-4fcc9dfee765" }, { "title": "Traumatic SAH", "docid": "3697dced-cf23-47db-bdbd-0b941d63cf42" }, { "title": "Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome", "docid": "c3a19be2-1f91-4dcb-b63a-cbfdaeaca5c1" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/vertebrobasilar-system_0ff112d1-0e58-4694-9b49-0a0327ea1310.md", "title": "Vertebrobasilar System", "docid": "0ff112d1-0e58-4694-9b49-0a0327ea1310", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Intracranial Arteries", "Vertebrobasilar System" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b", "value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "afaec833-e997-49c4-8eab-e28310c6c2bf", "value": "Adriene C. Eastaway, MD, MS" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Vertebrobasilar System", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Intracranial Atherosclerosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Vertebrobasilar (VB), vertebral artery (VA), basilar artery (BA)\n - Superior cerebellar arteries (SCAs), posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)\n - Internal carotid artery (ICA)\n - Anterior spin...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/adem_7066708a-9349-472e-b210-849cca6426d7.md", "title": "ADEM", "docid": "7066708a-9349-472e-b210-849cca6426d7", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases", "Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease", "ADEM" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR" }, { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, ADEM", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Susac Syndrome)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Autoimmune-mediated white matter (WM) demyelination of brain &/or spinal cord, usually with remyelination\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - Best diagnostic clue: Multifocal WM and deep gray lesions days to weeks following infection/vaccination\n - May involve b...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)", "docid": "71012f02-fab7-42ed-bc60-e584dc229ccb" }, { "title": "White Matter Tracts", "docid": "846101a2-e892-4c70-9a32-c9fa887d073a" }, { "title": "Language Overview", "docid": "40f2ed79-0d31-4943-aaa2-7c3244a7e87b" }, { "title": "Cranial Nerves Overview", "docid": "1edc42e3-5c31-42b9-b8b8-44cc3bd38432" }, { "title": "Optic Nerve (CNII)", "docid": "54712d62-1940-4028-8161-4cfd3c4dbb20" }, { "title": "Trigeminal Nerve (CNV)", "docid": "06e99da6-48fc-45f4-a571-97d12a15f365" }, { "title": "Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)", "docid": "172680f5-d290-4a02-b07e-63c1da75e148" }, { "title": "Vagus Nerve (CNX)", "docid": "68b6ede4-c797-4d55-8d29-aed3df441741" }, { "title": "Accessory Nerve (CNXI)", "docid": "9d50453e-c26a-46a3-826e-265736e43174" }, { "title": "Anatomy Document", "docid": "fdb933e1-ce0c-4f99-9ddb-cbe5f3b0f015" }, { "title": "Cranial Nerves Overview", "docid": "170ad135-ca16-497a-80de-5a24b9ca2f47" }, { "title": "CNII (Optic Nerve)", "docid": "1b5322bb-bdca-4605-9ab5-43598b5c322f" }, { "title": "CNV (Trigeminal Nerve)", "docid": "9db87cfa-58ff-45fd-a7fd-fe8c73eb9770" }, { "title": "CNIX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)", "docid": "2e74a767-3f28-49be-a50f-1dbcc10ce90f" }, { "title": "CNX (Vagus Nerve)", "docid": "83868689-c995-4608-bed3-f59664cbd586" }, { "title": "CNXI (Accessory Nerve)", "docid": "18e60151-70bc-40a1-9b4f-4b86f8fd65c2" }, { "title": "Brain", "docid": "080771c2-02f3-408d-ad70-04a80d849500" }, { "title": "Abducens Nerve (CNVI)", "docid": "655e63da-d744-4267-9d90-07f52493bbc0" }, { "title": "Oculomotor Nerve (CNIII)", "docid": "495aba11-106f-439d-8516-6a445b085919" }, { "title": "Trochlear Nerve (CNIV)", "docid": "cc69e654-b9cd-465b-8437-fba44f3c034b" }, { "title": "CNIII (Oculomotor Nerve)", "docid": "ad21daaf-1f28-4f9c-bc74-3d0142c167ab" }, { "title": "CNIV (Trochlear Nerve)", "docid": "52486223-9cb5-43f5-b9af-c46431ae6637" }, { "title": "CNVI (Abducens Nerve)", "docid": "923d7c4a-93a3-42ba-b8db-c7b15348e473" } ] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis, Brain", "docid": "f2592b04-f800-4235-9eea-a43f2bf4adfe" }, { "title": "Leukodystrophies", "docid": "f4ff3738-131c-46bf-be71-1811f2c1776c" }, { "title": "Miscellaneous Vasculitis", "docid": "221f737a-6bfa-4331-b296-402e40973f7e" }, { "title": "Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES", "docid": "efc6f9c2-dad9-4eb8-bad2-421bfaf1ec57" }, { "title": "Normal Aging Brain", "docid": "7a76b1cd-006d-4bb5-9528-8634be8c88d6" }, { "title": "Fabry Disease", "docid": "766451da-d8ce-4ee6-8cb2-cb38609a1dae" }, { "title": "Enhancing Cranial Nerve(s)", "docid": "6471fb1c-d46d-47cd-8322-1671e82335c3" }, { "title": "Homonymous Hemianopsia", "docid": "1cdca8f4-95f8-4d19-b28a-19a433d1a624" }, { "title": "Ring-Enhancing Lesions", "docid": "3463ac7a-c216-4fbd-aa73-03166a6ebc52" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/deep-cerebral-veins_e426b06e-4b91-48ef-956b-78fb179b1de9.md", "title": "Deep Cerebral Veins", "docid": "e426b06e-4b91-48ef-956b-78fb179b1de9", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Veins and Venous Sinuses", "Deep Cerebral Veins" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b", "value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "afaec833-e997-49c4-8eab-e28310c6c2bf", "value": "Adriene C. Eastaway, MD, MS" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Veins and Venous Sinuses, Deep Cerebral Veins", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Deep Cerebral Venous Thrombosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Septal, thalamostriate, internal cerebral veins (SV, TSV, ICV)\n - Vein of Galen (VofG); basal vein of Rosenthal (BVR)\n - Inferior sagittal sinus (ISS); straight sinus (SS)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Cavum veli interpositi: Space within double...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/sensorimotor-network_e1563250-4c6c-4730-bbad-4430ae16a5c6.md", "title": "Sensorimotor Network", "docid": "e1563250-4c6c-4730-bbad-4430ae16a5c6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Functional MRI", "Functional Network Anatomy", "Sensorimotor Network" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Functional MRI, Functional Network Anatomy, Sensorimotor Network", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Spontaneous Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage)" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Includes primary somatosensory and primary motor cortex, motor and sensory association cortex, subcortical and cerebellar motor regions, and primary auditory cortex\n - Map of sensorimotor homunculus extends along the central sulcus from facial regio...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/memory-overview_40e2e25f-421b-4653-94e3-641b09b47e4d.md", "title": "Memory Overview", "docid": "40e2e25f-421b-4653-94e3-641b09b47e4d", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Brain Network Anatomy", "Memory Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Memory Overview", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Spontaneous Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Procedural memory: Long-term memory that does not require conscious recollection such as motor skills, also called implicit memory\n - Declarative memory: Long-term memory that requires conscious recollection, can be episodic or semantic, also called ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "missing_84792183-949d-4b25-a586-572dbe2e11a2", "title": "Vascular Malformation", "docid": "84792183-949d-4b25-a586-572dbe2e11a2", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Spontaneous Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "missing_dd83ba51-7fd9-406f-9950-9a944c02c291", "title": "Dural Arteriovenous Fistula", "docid": "dd83ba51-7fd9-406f-9950-9a944c02c291", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Spontaneous Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "missing_1df27abc-b596-45bc-aba5-441253f39327", "title": "Ruptured Pseudoaneurysm", "docid": "1df27abc-b596-45bc-aba5-441253f39327", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Spontaneous Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/extracranial-veins_83693722-9b65-4d3c-8f5b-88c9824b4252.md", "title": "Extracranial Veins", "docid": "83693722-9b65-4d3c-8f5b-88c9824b4252", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Veins and Venous Sinuses", "Extracranial Veins" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Veins and Venous Sinuses, Extracranial Veins", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Cortical Venous Thrombosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Internal jugular vein (IJV)\n - Internal carotid artery (ICA)\n - Common carotid artery (CCA)\n - Inferior, superior ophthalmic veins (IOV, SOV)\n - Cavernous sinus (CS)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Extracranial veins include scalp, skull (di...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/intracranial-venous-system-overview_fa5537f5-50aa-4a7d-abd1-a469b8a8b55f.md", "title": "Intracranial Venous System Overview", "docid": "fa5537f5-50aa-4a7d-abd1-a469b8a8b55f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Veins and Venous Sinuses", "Intracranial Venous System Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Veins and Venous Sinuses, Intracranial Venous System Overview", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Cortical Venous Thrombosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Superior sagittal sinus (SSS)\n - Inferior sagittal sinus (ISS)\n - Internal cerebral vein (ICV)\n - Straight sinus (SS)\n - Great cerebral vein [vein of Galen (VofG)]\n - Transverse sinus (TS)\n - Superior/inferior petrosal sinuses (SPS/I...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-fossa-veins_7b5caf92-e4eb-4a23-ba29-45d1dbb1af65.md", "title": "Posterior Fossa Veins", "docid": "7b5caf92-e4eb-4a23-ba29-45d1dbb1af65", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Veins and Venous Sinuses", "Posterior Fossa Veins" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Veins and Venous Sinuses, Posterior Fossa Veins", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Cortical Venous Thrombosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Vein of Galen (VofG)\n - Precentral cerebellar vein (PCV)\n - Anterior pontomesencephalic vein/venous plexus (APMV)\n - Superior vermian vein (SVV)\n - Inferior vermian vein (IVV)\n - Cerebellopontine angle (CPA)\n - Internal auditory cana...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/superficial-cerebral-veins_af5cea88-c034-40fd-ac92-5a2794341ed0.md", "title": "Superficial Cerebral Veins", "docid": "af5cea88-c034-40fd-ac92-5a2794341ed0", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Veins and Venous Sinuses", "Superficial Cerebral Veins" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b", "value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "afaec833-e997-49c4-8eab-e28310c6c2bf", "value": "Adriene C. Eastaway, MD, MS" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Veins and Venous Sinuses, Superficial Cerebral Veins", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Cortical Venous Thrombosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV)\n - Deep middle cerebral vein (DMCV)\n - Vein of Trolard (VofT)\n - Vein of Labbé (VofL)\n - Basal vein of Rosenthal (BVR)\n - Superior, inferior sagittal sinus (SSS; ISS)\n - Cavernous sinus (CS)\n ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cerebral-contusion_ac1add00-0c2a-4818-8c79-310fa74e2331.md", "title": "Cerebral Contusion", "docid": "ac1add00-0c2a-4818-8c79-310fa74e2331", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Trauma", "Primary Effects of CNS Trauma", "Cerebral Contusion" ], "authors": [ { "key": "cdbaaa96-a7b4-4498-a355-a2823a7d9e26", "value": "Kelly A. Dahlstrom, DO" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Trauma, Primary Effects of CNS Trauma, Cerebral Contusion", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Cortical Venous Thrombosis)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Brain surface injuries involving gray matter and contiguous subcortical white matter\n - Coup: Direct injury to brain **beneath** impact site\n - Contrecoup: Injury **opposite** impact site (often more severe than coup)\n- ### Imaging\n \n ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Basal Ganglia", "docid": "a9de3815-ec59-4c78-adf0-94974065a7e3" }, { "title": "Language Overview", "docid": "40f2ed79-0d31-4943-aaa2-7c3244a7e87b" }, { "title": "Brainstem Overview", "docid": "bf889ffb-646b-429d-8699-d9bd34e8e193" }, { "title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "docid": "849da2a0-4a32-4a07-8f00-c69291e59434" }, { "title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "docid": "299a5990-1805-4018-85b5-191d8416385b" }, { "title": "Brain", "docid": "080771c2-02f3-408d-ad70-04a80d849500" }, { "title": "Attention Control Network", "docid": "a1bedda5-6478-40b2-98e7-6c5f5363b06f" }, { "title": "Default Mode Network", "docid": "a29f7551-d39d-4deb-933e-b8d2816168c3" }, { "title": "Functional Network Overview", "docid": "7b97f239-0f6f-4809-ac44-594cdf4842d5" }, { "title": "Functional Network Overview", "docid": "ef0be4c8-3d36-4ca9-b4c5-f22f66d2b367" }, { "title": "Midbrain", "docid": "628d8588-6898-45ba-b946-1702bcce1366" }, { "title": "Other Deep Gray Nuclei", "docid": "aba59a23-3d05-4ef5-a004-fc928a7c40d6" }, { "title": "Social Brain Anatomy", "docid": "0352d34a-5966-494e-b9c3-c26bde257bca" }, { "title": "Anatomy Document", "docid": "931a002c-9dcc-4b1a-81ac-a55c418aee32" } ] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction", "docid": "7a3ed4a9-ae05-4d64-ae8e-6a30105501e1" }, { "title": "Dural Sinus Thrombosis", "docid": "9a1ac112-bd65-4306-92b0-022d16e360c3" }, { "title": "Homonymous Hemianopsia", "docid": "1cdca8f4-95f8-4d19-b28a-19a433d1a624" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "cb90e245-060a-4489-8041-6803f8cc93e7" }, { "title": "Intracranial Hemorrhage", "docid": "3a9cbed6-aa2c-45a0-88bf-b39f1523ee85" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/dural-sinuses_deb22ea4-1ac5-4542-a85a-8945376ad725.md", "title": "Dural Sinuses", "docid": "deb22ea4-1ac5-4542-a85a-8945376ad725", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Veins and Venous Sinuses", "Dural Sinuses" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b", "value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "afaec833-e997-49c4-8eab-e28310c6c2bf", "value": "Adriene C. Eastaway, MD, MS" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Veins and Venous Sinuses, Dural Sinuses", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Dural Sinus and Aberrant Arachnoid Granulations)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Internal cerebral vein (ICV)\n - Superior/inferior petrosal sinuses (SPS/IPS)\n\n## GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ### Anatomy Relationships\n \n \n - Endothelial lined, contained within outer (periosteal), inner (meningeal) dural layers\n - Often fenestrated, ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/central-skull-base_2a489198-8130-4d47-8226-6970858ed6ed.md", "title": "Central Skull Base", "docid": "2a489198-8130-4d47-8226-6970858ed6ed", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Central Skull Base" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Central Skull Base", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Dural Sinus and Aberrant Arachnoid Granulations)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Central skull base (CSB)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CSB: Skull base posterior to lesser wing of sphenoid (LWS)/planum sphenoidale and anterior to petrous ridge/dorsum sella\n\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - CSB is **floor**of **middle...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pterygopalatine-fossa_8028d3aa-f348-48e4-b364-f793ca6aac88.md", "title": "Pterygopalatine Fossa", "docid": "8028d3aa-f348-48e4-b364-f793ca6aac88", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Nose and Sinuses", "Pterygopalatine Fossa" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Nose and Sinuses, Pterygopalatine Fossa", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Dural Sinus and Aberrant Arachnoid Granulations)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Pterygopalatine fossa (PPF)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Less commonly known as sphenopalatine fossa\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Major crossroads deep within face between nose, mouth, orbit, masticator space, skull base, nasopharynx, & middle cranial ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/central-skull-base_8887bf04-6027-42cb-9a34-3e15c6cc27ff.md", "title": "Central Skull Base", "docid": "8887bf04-6027-42cb-9a34-3e15c6cc27ff", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Skull Base", "Central Skull Base" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Skull Base, Central Skull Base", "reasons": [ "Linked (Anatomy of Dural Sinus and Aberrant Arachnoid Granulations)" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Anterior, central, posterior skull base (ASB, CSB, PSB)\n - Greater, lesser wings of sphenoid (GWS, LWS)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CSB: Skull base posterior to LWS/planum sphenoidale & anterior to petrous ridge/dorsum sella\n\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/intracranial-herniation-syndromes_e85ea6f9-0ff8-43ee-a79f-8b2698f5c7fd.md", "title": "Intracranial Herniation Syndromes", "docid": "e85ea6f9-0ff8-43ee-a79f-8b2698f5c7fd", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Trauma", "Secondary Effects of CNS Trauma", "Intracranial Herniation Syndromes" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Trauma, Secondary Effects of CNS Trauma, Intracranial Herniation Syndromes", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Dural Sinus and Aberrant Arachnoid Granulations)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Brain displaced from one compartment into another\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - **Subfalcine herniation (SFH)**\n - **Cingulate** **gyrus** displaced under falx\n - Ipsilateral ventricle compressed, contralateral dilated\n - **Unilateral des...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Intracranial Hypotension", "docid": "6765f123-04be-4634-beb5-216838f5ca6b" }, { "title": "Chiari 1", "docid": "835a2ce4-4ac1-4ba6-a2b9-72427f112a3a" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/jugular-bulb-pseudolesion_2bf19ff5-bfee-4764-9e2d-cea04ccce4ea.md", "title": "Jugular Bulb Pseudolesion", "docid": "2bf19ff5-bfee-4764-9e2d-cea04ccce4ea", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Diagnosis", "Skull Base Lesions", "Jugular Foramen", "Jugular Bulb Pseudolesion" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Skull Base Lesions, Jugular Foramen, Jugular Bulb Pseudolesion", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Dural Sinus and Aberrant Arachnoid Granulations)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Asymmetric, large jugular bulb (JB) flow phenomenon simulates neoplasm or thrombosis on MR sequences\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - Best diagnostic clue: Complex MR signal in JB with normal jugular foramen (JF) cortex & jugular spine\n - Complex MR sig...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Carotid Space", "docid": "627bdee1-4bde-46f2-b93d-958882586337" }, { "title": "CNX (Vagus Nerve)", "docid": "83868689-c995-4608-bed3-f59664cbd586" }, { "title": "Accessory Nerve (CNXI)", "docid": "9d50453e-c26a-46a3-826e-265736e43174" }, { "title": "Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)", "docid": "172680f5-d290-4a02-b07e-63c1da75e148" }, { "title": "Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)", "docid": "71012f02-fab7-42ed-bc60-e584dc229ccb" }, { "title": "Vagus Nerve (CNX)", "docid": "68b6ede4-c797-4d55-8d29-aed3df441741" }, { "title": "CNIX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)", "docid": "2e74a767-3f28-49be-a50f-1dbcc10ce90f" }, { "title": "CNXI (Accessory Nerve)", "docid": "18e60151-70bc-40a1-9b4f-4b86f8fd65c2" }, { "title": "CNXII (Hypoglossal Nerve)", "docid": "f734d678-561c-47fd-afb5-dab6afacc1a8" } ] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "High Jugular Bulb", "docid": "5f469f6f-9fa8-41cf-ac6f-7387e7950de3" }, { "title": "Jugular Bulb Diverticulum", "docid": "0177d04f-dd01-4f39-b81e-6fcf4208c4d0" }, { "title": "Dehiscent Jugular Bulb", "docid": "e1822e40-ed20-4b65-be48-c82b59042b89" }, { "title": "Sigmoid Sinus-Jugular Bulb Thrombosis", "docid": "9eb7992b-1296-4a96-83b5-b6b96160ec0a" }, { "title": "Jugular Paraganglioma", "docid": "ff5672b9-8cab-4a5d-9848-bb6cc0e23c21" }, { "title": "Jugular Foramen Schwannoma", "docid": "39fe8b5f-828f-4529-a1a5-2e267c0ab63c" }, { "title": "Jugular Foramen Meningioma", "docid": "c90dd6ee-1fc2-4e93-b200-d15889bb7f10" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "cf70b4e9-14e8-496e-8927-62fe1bb1c89c" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "1e250956-d4d8-45f5-b228-92a8282f51ac" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/dural-arteriovenous-fistula_99b59be6-df58-44a9-b14a-be194dfea1c7.md", "title": "Dural Arteriovenous Fistula", "docid": "99b59be6-df58-44a9-b14a-be194dfea1c7", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Diagnosis", "Skull Base Lesions", "Dural Sinuses", "Dural Arteriovenous Fistula" ], "authors": [ { "key": "de7872b8-cec7-4fd5-a536-c54825607d0f", "value": "Ram Vaidhyanath, DMRD, DNB, FRCR" }, { "key": "99f10fe6-7f91-4026-bc60-d769c5d7c7c4", "value": "C. Douglas Phillips, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Skull Base Lesions, Dural Sinuses, Dural Arteriovenous Fistula", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Dural Sinus and Aberrant Arachnoid Granulations)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF)\n - Acquired direct shunt between dural artery and dural venous sinus or cortical vein\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - Best imaging modality: DSA\n - Most common site: Transverse sinus (TS)\n - CECT findings in DAVF\n ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Skull Base Overview", "docid": "a63a24e0-d077-4a32-a355-2092de4f84f3" }, { "title": "Central Skull Base", "docid": "2a489198-8130-4d47-8226-6970858ed6ed" }, { "title": "Posterior Skull Base", "docid": "b363fd64-a5af-4719-a285-71cdbec60f69" }, { "title": "Cranial Nerves Overview", "docid": "1edc42e3-5c31-42b9-b8b8-44cc3bd38432" }, { "title": "Dural Sinuses", "docid": "deb22ea4-1ac5-4542-a85a-8945376ad725" }, { "title": "Cranial Nerves Overview", "docid": "170ad135-ca16-497a-80de-5a24b9ca2f47" }, { "title": "Central Skull Base", "docid": "8887bf04-6027-42cb-9a34-3e15c6cc27ff" }, { "title": "Anatomy Document", "docid": "8a7bdc2c-475b-4ce8-a35c-3fad9242a8bc" }, { "title": "Pterygopalatine Fossa", "docid": "8028d3aa-f348-48e4-b364-f793ca6aac88" }, { "title": "Anatomy Document", "docid": "d5939b27-59e9-41a7-bb04-58bb30d22048" }, { "title": "Anatomy Document", "docid": "25e08cb1-5308-4ce1-91c1-28cf309cd842" }, { "title": "Intracranial Venous System Overview", "docid": "fa5537f5-50aa-4a7d-abd1-a469b8a8b55f" }, { "title": "Posterior Fossa Veins", "docid": "7b5caf92-e4eb-4a23-ba29-45d1dbb1af65" }, { "title": "Transcranial Doppler", "docid": "914fd68b-ddab-4640-bcc4-883c425d13f8" } ] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Jugular Bulb Pseudolesion", "docid": "2bf19ff5-bfee-4764-9e2d-cea04ccce4ea" }, { "title": "Thrombosed Dural Sinus", "docid": "9eb7992b-1296-4a96-83b5-b6b96160ec0a" }, { "title": "Pial Arteriovenous Malformation", "docid": "84792183-949d-4b25-a586-572dbe2e11a2" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "8a29ab23-43c8-4534-8af8-fdf252b88642" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "65543935-2c14-42c6-a420-b6f37135ff95" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "cf70b4e9-14e8-496e-8927-62fe1bb1c89c" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "e0a91ed6-f016-4ae9-8380-b74dee5ecd1a" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "missing_8a29ab23-43c8-4534-8af8-fdf252b88642", "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "8a29ab23-43c8-4534-8af8-fdf252b88642", "breadcrumbs": [], "authors": [], "pageKeywords": [], "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Dural Sinus and Aberrant Arachnoid Granulations)" ], "snippet": "", "linked_info": null, "is_cached": false }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/intrinsic-skull-base-lesion_563bc74a-c052-4fdb-a5f2-5a318578bb62.md", "title": "Intrinsic Skull Base Lesion", "docid": "563bc74a-c052-4fdb-a5f2-5a318578bb62", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "Skull Base", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Intrinsic Skull Base Lesion" ], "authors": [ { "key": "99f10fe6-7f91-4026-bc60-d769c5d7c7c4", "value": "C. Douglas Phillips, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Skull Base, Anatomically Based Differentials, Intrinsic Skull Base Lesion", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Dural Sinus and Aberrant Arachnoid Granulations)" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Lesion may be focal, diffuse, localized, or part of systemic disease\n - Variable presentation of skull base lesion\n - Headache, cranial neuropathy\n - On occasion, may be incidental imaging finding\n ...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/lyme-disease_082aad00-d3cf-4b75-a9aa-5ed2c724959c.md", "title": "Lyme Disease", "docid": "082aad00-d3cf-4b75-a9aa-5ed2c724959c", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases", "Acquired Infections", "Lyme Disease" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases, Acquired Infections, Lyme Disease", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Lyme disease (LD), Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB)\n - Multisystem, multistage inflammatory disease\n - Caused by *Borrelia burgdorferi*(USA)\n - Transmitted by *Ixodes* tick bite\n - Reservoirs: White-footed mice/deer\n- ### Imaging\n...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Multiple Sclerosis", "docid": "abe95a5e-394f-411b-aca6-72ab160a1d0d" }, { "title": "Miscellaneous Vasculitis", "docid": "221f737a-6bfa-4331-b296-402e40973f7e" }, { "title": "Sarcoidosis", "docid": "0f637e19-adcd-4bf6-b2b9-8272613cb9e9" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/posttraumatic-brain-swelling_21a74d44-6e0c-40c6-b865-a4267453d629.md", "title": "Posttraumatic Brain Swelling", "docid": "21a74d44-6e0c-40c6-b865-a4267453d629", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Trauma", "Secondary Effects of CNS Trauma", "Posttraumatic Brain Swelling" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Trauma, Secondary Effects of CNS Trauma, Posttraumatic Brain Swelling", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Adult Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Vasogenic edema (VE), cytotoxic edema (CTE), cerebral edema (CE), diffuse brain swelling (DBS)\n - 2 forms of brain edema: VE and CTE (often coexist)\n - VE: Extracellular edema, follows blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown\n - CTE: Intra...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Carbon Monoxide Poisoning", "docid": "827ae14b-3d0f-4c3a-937a-e450a7eec716" }, { "title": "Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)", "docid": "84176f2c-fc9d-4497-8af9-1430b9f0187c" }, { "title": "Uremia, mitochondrial disorders", "docid": "dcbc692c-e682-4992-94b6-524c6fe5a1b5" }, { "title": "Meningitis/Encephalitis", "docid": "a08411a0-492d-4fa1-a504-dd97cce22a0e" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/carbon-monoxide-poisoning_827ae14b-3d0f-4c3a-937a-e450a7eec716.md", "title": "Carbon Monoxide Poisoning", "docid": "827ae14b-3d0f-4c3a-937a-e450a7eec716", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations", "Carbon Monoxide Poisoning" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Adult Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, usually with bilateral lesions, caused by inhalation of carbon monoxide (CO) gas\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - Best diagnostic clue: Globi pallidi (GP) T2/FLAIR hyperintensity\n - T1 MR: Both hypointensity in GP (likely necro...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Adult Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury", "docid": "91ac293f-161c-4b3b-81e5-740f831eaa5d" }, { "title": "Drug Abuse", "docid": "48859403-0b26-44d8-ba74-e0919e4c3147" }, { "title": "Wilson Disease", "docid": "b89eef10-ea47-4ca9-a3b7-b8aeeca86802" }, { "title": "Japanese Encephalitis", "docid": "7e3dd11d-21c7-468a-a227-b363d595bbce" }, { "title": "Arteriolosclerosis", "docid": "07e561a5-0554-4867-b811-448c36890ee3" }, { "title": "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)", "docid": "30a88a01-b24d-476d-a933-48aabcdb6f95" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd_30a88a01-b24d-476d-a933-48aabcdb6f95.md", "title": "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)", "docid": "30a88a01-b24d-476d-a933-48aabcdb6f95", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Dementias and Degenerative Disorders", "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Adult Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD): Rapidly progressing, fatal, potentially transmissible dementia caused by prion\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - Best imaging clue: Progressive DWI/FLAIR hyperintensity of basal ganglia (BG), thalamus, and cerebral cortex\n - Pr...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Default Mode Network", "docid": "a29f7551-d39d-4deb-933e-b8d2816168c3" }, { "title": "Basal Ganglia", "docid": "a9de3815-ec59-4c78-adf0-94974065a7e3" }, { "title": "Thalamus", "docid": "b7f0cd6b-4ba2-4ed4-8dd0-5ca56d9ae92b" }, { "title": "Language Overview", "docid": "40f2ed79-0d31-4943-aaa2-7c3244a7e87b" }, { "title": "Functional Network Overview", "docid": "ef0be4c8-3d36-4ca9-b4c5-f22f66d2b367" }, { "title": "Attention Control Network", "docid": "a1bedda5-6478-40b2-98e7-6c5f5363b06f" }, { "title": "Visual Network", "docid": "404625d9-3125-4923-9f9d-53d0f81c3542" }, { "title": "Limbic Network", "docid": "e1a20b61-b2c1-44c5-ba04-59843855bfef" }, { "title": "Social Brain Anatomy", "docid": "0352d34a-5966-494e-b9c3-c26bde257bca" }, { "title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "docid": "849da2a0-4a32-4a07-8f00-c69291e59434" }, { "title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "docid": "299a5990-1805-4018-85b5-191d8416385b" }, { "title": "Functional Network Overview", "docid": "7b97f239-0f6f-4809-ac44-594cdf4842d5" }, { "title": "Brain", "docid": "080771c2-02f3-408d-ad70-04a80d849500" } ] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Adult Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury", "docid": "91ac293f-161c-4b3b-81e5-740f831eaa5d" }, { "title": "Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome", "docid": "2f646ac5-9994-4bc0-a7ff-f0103334a366" }, { "title": "Other Causes of Dementia", "docid": "aa75d198-88b8-45c2-8a35-750631009166" }, { "title": "Alzheimer disease", "docid": "aa75d198-88b8-45c2-8a35-750631009166" }, { "title": "Dementia in motor neuron disease", "docid": "cef8f538-52a0-4590-b14d-3578e9214330" }, { "title": "Frontotemporal dementia", "docid": "596be24d-885f-40ed-832e-2de041f974f5" }, { "title": "Vascular Dementia", "docid": "20864adf-5e46-4fbf-ba27-e8e30fa6506f" }, { "title": "Corticobasal Degeneration", "docid": "99473ccd-173f-4ed5-9b92-e52d5630a8a9" }, { "title": "Wilson Disease", "docid": "b89eef10-ea47-4ca9-a3b7-b8aeeca86802" }, { "title": "Arteriolosclerosis", "docid": "07e561a5-0554-4867-b811-448c36890ee3" }, { "title": "Homonymous Hemianopsia", "docid": "1cdca8f4-95f8-4d19-b28a-19a433d1a624" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/porencephalic-cyst_132b5c61-f762-46ad-853c-615f4117d010.md", "title": "Porencephalic Cyst", "docid": "132b5c61-f762-46ad-853c-615f4117d010", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Primary Nonneoplastic Cysts", "Porencephalic Cyst" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Primary Nonneoplastic Cysts, Porencephalic Cyst", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Chronic Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - CSF-filled parenchymal cavity\n - Deep, unilateral/bilateral cavity/excavation\n - Usually communicates with ventricle &/or subarachnoid space\n - Lined by reactive gliosis/astrocytic proliferation\n - Congenital (perinatal brain...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Ventricles and Choroid Plexus", "docid": "e00c86e1-f0b9-4b88-9184-c22d8dd927d8" } ] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Arachnoid Cyst", "docid": "8a848a6c-ad10-4533-b48c-3e9969cee55c" }, { "title": "Ependymal Cyst", "docid": "910da375-2150-49b5-8e0c-bc93487239d1" }, { "title": "Neuroglial Cyst", "docid": "496dec2d-7278-4398-95c3-40aa82da0bc6" }, { "title": "Neoplastic Cyst", "docid": "8ac2e5f8-28c7-4575-86a7-d2a82df2e1f0" }, { "title": "Neurocysticercosis", "docid": "d518dff8-cc30-46e5-8894-3926e6b987cf" }, { "title": "Agenesis of Corpus Callosum", "docid": "438379d7-5561-4a5f-8825-31a608227317" }, { "title": "Encephalomalacia", "docid": "372f6c93-0536-4828-802e-6926ae6715d9" }, { "title": "Schizencephaly", "docid": "8e4d8e67-4878-4cf2-a640-602fce63655c" }, { "title": "Dandy-Walker Malformation", "docid": "20ab7c0f-0c80-40ee-82cb-a9f6d12ec011" }, { "title": "Hydranencephaly", "docid": "76f47808-d31f-44fc-a1e0-4e2579f204c4" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/arachnoid-cyst_8a848a6c-ad10-4533-b48c-3e9969cee55c.md", "title": "Arachnoid Cyst", "docid": "8a848a6c-ad10-4533-b48c-3e9969cee55c", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Primary Nonneoplastic Cysts", "Arachnoid Cyst" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Primary Nonneoplastic Cysts, Arachnoid Cyst", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Chronic Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Intraarachnoid CSF-filled sac that does not communicate with ventricular system\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - General findings\n - Sharply demarcated, round/ovoid extraaxial cyst\n - Isodense/isointense with CSF\n - Location\n - Midd...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "docid": "849da2a0-4a32-4a07-8f00-c69291e59434" }, { "title": "Subarachnoid Spaces/Cisterns", "docid": "f56a0bc1-03b3-41fb-9c3f-535e09dccc07" }, { "title": "Cranial Nerves Overview", "docid": "1edc42e3-5c31-42b9-b8b8-44cc3bd38432" }, { "title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "docid": "299a5990-1805-4018-85b5-191d8416385b" }, { "title": "Cranial Nerves Overview", "docid": "170ad135-ca16-497a-80de-5a24b9ca2f47" }, { "title": "Pineal Region", "docid": "b8919938-2bad-4562-a94e-9ad05803b4d4" } ] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Epidermoid Cyst", "docid": "e8b8ccaa-d29f-4257-9a03-364553efaccf" }, { "title": "Chronic Subdural Hematoma", "docid": "1d8c4871-8d38-4199-b139-d5aa3aa1f903" }, { "title": "Porencephalic Cyst", "docid": "132b5c61-f762-46ad-853c-615f4117d010" }, { "title": "Neurenteric Cyst", "docid": "f2b33e5f-1d8a-4629-9f8d-8a1c106d79a0" }, { "title": "Neuroglial Cyst", "docid": "496dec2d-7278-4398-95c3-40aa82da0bc6" }, { "title": "Cisterna Magna Mass", "docid": "047add0c-7e4f-40a0-9933-8d6fa00a24f7" }, { "title": "Prepontine Cistern Mass", "docid": "e0f71196-85c7-411c-9c71-e2606b2ee52f" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "a675a04d-11c1-4192-80b2-899850a30416" }, { "title": "Cystic-Appearing Posterior Fossa Lesion", "docid": "384912cc-94d4-4d58-89bb-f378acf18b4d" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "86c95889-d542-4617-8dd6-d345255dede9" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/oligodendroglioma-idh-mutant-and-1p-19q-codeleted_650c343e-cca8-484f-a93c-3961b57a30c4.md", "title": "Oligodendroglioma, IDH-Mutant and 1p/19q-Codeleted", "docid": "650c343e-cca8-484f-a93c-3961b57a30c4", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Neoplasms", "Gliomas, Glioneuronal Tumors, and Neuronal Tumors", "Adult-Type Diffuse Gliomas", "Oligodendroglioma, IDH-Mutant and 1p/19q-Codeleted" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Neoplasms, Gliomas, Glioneuronal Tumors, and Neuronal Tumors, Adult-Type Diffuse Gliomas, Oligodendroglioma, IDH-Mutant and 1p/19q-Codeleted", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Chronic Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Diffusely infiltrating glioma with\n - Entity-defining*IDH1* or *IDH2* mutation + codeletion of chromosome arms 1p, 19q\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - General features\n - Cortical/subcortical mass with ill-defined borders\n - > 95% sup...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": true, "links": [ { "title": "Ganglioglioma", "docid": "8ac2e5f8-28c7-4575-86a7-d2a82df2e1f0" }, { "title": "Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor (DNET)", "docid": "3555533d-1a33-4524-8bd6-1f83ea601ab4" }, { "title": "Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma (PXA)", "docid": "c30cbca1-2763-4c13-83d7-4b4387950ad9" }, { "title": "Differential Diagnosis", "docid": "a3471e6e-e922-4533-84cc-862e51db6c86" } ] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/abnormal-shape-configuration-of-corpus-callosum_c75baee2-7a4c-4fd8-9b3f-cc662d0f1c18.md", "title": "Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum", "docid": "c75baee2-7a4c-4fd8-9b3f-cc662d0f1c18", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Supratentorial Brain Parenchyma", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Supratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Anatomically Based Differentials, Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Chronic Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical features to consider\n - Normal corpus callosum (CC) varies in thickness & shape\n - Associated anomalies portend worse prognosis\n - If not congenital anomaly, clinical history is crucial...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/signal-attenuation-abnormalities-of-corpus-callosum_578bd09b-da74-43a2-b068-2d4854a61254.md", "title": "Signal/Attenuation Abnormalities of Corpus Callosum", "docid": "578bd09b-da74-43a2-b068-2d4854a61254", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Differential Diagnosis", "Brain", "Signal/Attenuation Abnormalities of Corpus Callosum" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Differential Diagnosis, Brain, Signal/Attenuation Abnormalities of Corpus Callosum", "reasons": [ "Linked (Diff Diag of Chronic Cerebral Infarction)" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical features to consider\n - History of trauma: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI)\n - Seizure, infection: Transient cytotoxic splenial lesion\n - Prior surgical history: Corpus callosotomy, shunt pl...", "linked_info": { "anatomy": { "exists": false, "links": [] }, "differential": { "exists": false, "links": [] } }, "is_cached": true } ]