[ { "path": "docs_md/articles/mucosal-nodularity-esophagus_44a88b79-a56c-4343-8d59-e98f03cb3fd6.md", "title": "Mucosal Nodularity, Esophagus", "docid": "44a88b79-a56c-4343-8d59-e98f03cb3fd6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Esophagus", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Mucosal Nodularity, Esophagus" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Generic Imaging Patterns, Mucosal Nodularity, Esophagus", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Consider clinical setting\n - Symptoms, age of patient, AIDS, etc..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/temporomandibular-joint_fd01582d-b2ce-40b2-bcb7-d39884d142e4.md", "title": "Temporomandibular Joint", "docid": "fd01582d-b2ce-40b2-bcb7-d39884d142e4", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Face", "Temporomandibular Joint" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Face, Temporomandibular Joint", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Articulation between mandible & T-bone\n\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Complex diarthro..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pericardial-calcification_102d1a2a-5968-4ccc-bb39-13ea2e395a88.md", "title": "Pericardial Calcification", "docid": "102d1a2a-5968-4ccc-bb39-13ea2e395a88", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Differential Diagnosis", "Pericardial Calcification" ], "authors": [ { "key": "df804626-c042-4296-96e3-836a6da50fd6", "value": "Gregory Kicska, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Differential Diagnosis, Pericardial Calcification", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Any cause of chronic or prior pericarditis may cause pericardial calcific..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/vagus-nerve-cnx_68b6ede4-c797-4d55-8d29-aed3df441741.md", "title": "Vagus Nerve (CNX)", "docid": "68b6ede4-c797-4d55-8d29-aed3df441741", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Vagus Nerve (CNX)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3", "value": "Aparna Singhal, MD" }, { "key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809", "value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Vagus Nerve (CNX)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Vagus nerve (CNX)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CNX: Longest and one of most complex cranial nerves (..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/femoral-hernia_45d54e6d-97bd-4dd4-beed-b31f572d7b95.md", "title": "Femoral Hernia", "docid": "45d54e6d-97bd-4dd4-beed-b31f572d7b95", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Diagnosis", "Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall", "External Hernias", "Femoral Hernia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Diagnosis, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall, External Hernias, Femoral Hernia", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Protrusion of abdominal contents through femoral ring into femoral canal\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Omental f..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/diffuse-gallbladder-wall-thickening_b7423851-cbd3-4302-82ee-286ddc49c2d8.md", "title": "Diffuse Gallbladder Wall Thickening", "docid": "b7423851-cbd3-4302-82ee-286ddc49c2d8", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Gallbladder", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Diffuse Gallbladder Wall Thickening" ], "authors": [ { "key": "07469ec4-05aa-4d65-a788-08b4d64048af", "value": "Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR" }, { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Generic Imaging Patterns, Diffuse Gallbladder Wall Thickening", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical information is essential to derive differential diagnosis\n - ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/tracheal-dilatation_25c1fd77-52ff-4a56-b5c4-6ee1335ba369.md", "title": "Tracheal Dilatation", "docid": "25c1fd77-52ff-4a56-b5c4-6ee1335ba369", "breadcrumbs": [ "Chest", "Differential Diagnosis", "Airways", "General Imaging Patterns", "Tracheal Dilatation" ], "authors": [ { "key": "fa682303-6426-4b97-8c60-783051febb88", "value": "Jorge Alberto Carrillo-Bayona, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Chest, Differential Diagnosis, Airways, General Imaging Patterns, Tracheal Dilatation", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Tracheal wall composed of several layers: Mucosa, submucosa, cartilage or..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/facial-nerve-in-temporal-bone_21dccac8-d73d-4ef3-859b-73e013ec15cc.md", "title": "Facial Nerve in Temporal Bone", "docid": "21dccac8-d73d-4ef3-859b-73e013ec15cc", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Temporal Bone", "Facial Nerve in Temporal Bone" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Temporal Bone, Facial Nerve in Temporal Bone", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n# TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ## Abbreviations\n \n \n - Facial nerve (FN); greater superficial petrosal nerve (GSPN)\n- ## Definitions\n \n \n - FN in tempora..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/rathke-cleft-cyst_8f1561f7-92a7-485c-a0ae-2e2d5c8c1628.md", "title": "Rathke Cleft Cyst", "docid": "8f1561f7-92a7-485c-a0ae-2e2d5c8c1628", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Congenital", "Rathke Cleft Cyst" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Congenital, Rathke Cleft Cyst", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Nonneoplastic cyst arising from remnants of embryonic Rathke cleft\n - Benign, sellar region endodermal c..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/csf-shunts-and-complications_1027d634-92ff-47c1-8266-a7fc3acd1529.md", "title": "CSF Shunts and Complications", "docid": "1027d634-92ff-47c1-8266-a7fc3acd1529", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Ventricles and Cisterns", "Hydrocephalus", "CSF Shunts and Complications" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Hydrocephalus, CSF Shunts and Complications", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Hydrocephalus (HCP)\n - Enlargement of cerebral ventricles secondary to abnormal CSF formation, flo..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/brain-tumor-in-child-1-year_7d64f5fb-c62c-4861-8ff4-654a12074605.md", "title": "Brain Tumor in Child > 1 Year", "docid": "7d64f5fb-c62c-4861-8ff4-654a12074605", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Brain Parenchyma, General", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Brain Tumor in Child > 1 Year" ], "authors": [ { "key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a", "value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Brain Parenchyma, General, Clinically Based Differentials, Brain Tumor in Child > 1 Year", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - General rule: Decreased diffusion = higher grade\n- ## Helpful Clues for C..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/primary-visual-and-visual-association-cortex-areas-17-18-19_76427a0b-090a-4381-9add-c4181f069f94.md", "title": "Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19)", "docid": "76427a0b-090a-4381-9add-c4181f069f94", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Occipital lobe\n - Lingual gyrus\n - Cuneus\n - Occipital pole\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/crossed-cerebellar-diaschisis_c1e384b3-3c6e-4f67-bf79-5187bd6a1b86.md", "title": "Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis", "docid": "c1e384b3-3c6e-4f67-bf79-5187bd6a1b86", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Dementias and Degenerative Disorders", "Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Diaschisis: Sudden loss of function in brain connected to (but at distance from) damaged area\n - CCD: ↓ ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/intracranial-venous-system-overview_fa5537f5-50aa-4a7d-abd1-a469b8a8b55f.md", "title": "Intracranial Venous System Overview", "docid": "fa5537f5-50aa-4a7d-abd1-a469b8a8b55f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Veins and Venous Sinuses", "Intracranial Venous System Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Veins and Venous Sinuses, Intracranial Venous System Overview", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Superior sagittal sinus (SSS)\n - Inferior sagittal sinus (ISS)\n - Internal cerebral vein (ICV)\n..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/lumbar-hernia_0fa5904f-36a1-42db-8398-80b5e495f7ae.md", "title": "Lumbar Hernia", "docid": "0fa5904f-36a1-42db-8398-80b5e495f7ae", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Diagnosis", "Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall", "External Hernias", "Lumbar Hernia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Diagnosis, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall, External Hernias, Lumbar Hernia", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Lumbar hernia: Protrusion of abdominal contents through defect in lumbar region\n - Can occur in ei..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/adem-brain_ed94b660-cf20-4ebb-8d6f-2b93505f2928.md", "title": "ADEM, Brain", "docid": "ed94b660-cf20-4ebb-8d6f-2b93505f2928", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Pediatric Neuroradiology", "Brain", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease", "ADEM, Brain" ], "authors": [ { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, ADEM, Brain", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Autoimmune-mediated white matter (WM) demyelination of brain &/or spinal cord, usually with remyelination\n-..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/asymmetric-lateral-ventricles_87387f0d-9b20-4288-a250-aa3ec83520c4.md", "title": "Asymmetric Lateral Ventricles", "docid": "87387f0d-9b20-4288-a250-aa3ec83520c4", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Ventricles, Periventricular Regions", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Asymmetric Lateral Ventricles" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "30ce27b2-237f-4aff-a88f-65ead356335b", "value": "Marinos Kontzialis, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Ventricles, Periventricular Regions, Generic Imaging Patterns, Asymmetric Lateral Ventricles", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Asymmetric lateral ventricles are most commonly seen as normal variant\n- ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/enlarged-pituitary-gland_65e54fd1-aecf-463c-bd85-97504c542051.md", "title": "Enlarged Pituitary Gland", "docid": "65e54fd1-aecf-463c-bd85-97504c542051", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Enlarged Pituitary Gland" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Enlarged Pituitary Gland", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Not all \"enlarged pituitary glands\" abnormal\n - Size/height vari..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/empty-sella_39a0d2d1-1439-4558-8f5d-86a2a6d93e3a.md", "title": "Empty Sella", "docid": "39a0d2d1-1439-4558-8f5d-86a2a6d93e3a", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Miscellaneous", "Empty Sella" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Miscellaneous, Empty Sella", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Sella partially filled with arachnoid-lined CSF collection\n - Primary empty sella\n - Common nor..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/corpus-callosum-impingement-syndrome_e84adf32-bae3-47d5-b368-489f413f6aea.md", "title": "Corpus Callosum Impingement Syndrome", "docid": "e84adf32-bae3-47d5-b368-489f413f6aea", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Ventricles and Cisterns", "Hydrocephalus", "Corpus Callosum Impingement Syndrome" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Hydrocephalus, Corpus Callosum Impingement Syndrome", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Corpus callosum impingement syndrome (CCIS)\n - Corpus callosum (CC)\n - Callosal injury from longstand..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/adrenal_082ca43c-db5c-4770-aeed-0c6ea317e8fc.md", "title": "Adrenal", "docid": "082ca43c-db5c-4770-aeed-0c6ea317e8fc", "breadcrumbs": [ "Genitourinary", "Anatomy", "Adrenal" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Genitourinary, Anatomy, Adrenal", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n# TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ## Abbreviations\n \n \n - Adrenal corticotrophic hormone (ACTH)\n\n# GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ## Overview\n \n \n - Adrenal (**suprarenal..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/vertebral-body-t1-hyperintense-signal-diffuse_ce05f278-d99e-4f2a-bd6b-1d8c7c8faafd.md", "title": "Vertebral Body, T1-Hyperintense Signal, Diffuse", "docid": "ce05f278-d99e-4f2a-bd6b-1d8c7c8faafd", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Differential Diagnosis", "Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements", "Modality-Specific Imaging Findings", "Vertebral Body, T1-Hyperintense Signal, Diffuse" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" }, { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Vertebral Body, T1-Hyperintense Signal, Diffuse", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Establish whether pattern is diffusely hyperintense marrow signal or mu..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/intracranial-hemorrhage_3a9cbed6-aa2c-45a0-88bf-b39f1523ee85.md", "title": "Intracranial Hemorrhage", "docid": "3a9cbed6-aa2c-45a0-88bf-b39f1523ee85", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Differential Diagnosis", "Brain", "Intracranial Hemorrhage" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Differential Diagnosis, Brain, Intracranial Hemorrhage", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical features to consider\n - Age, history of present illne..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/solitary-cystic-parenchymal-mass-general_8bfa943b-c158-4a3b-9d43-e6ef057f45d4.md", "title": "Solitary Cystic Parenchymal Mass, General", "docid": "8bfa943b-c158-4a3b-9d43-e6ef057f45d4", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Brain Parenchyma, General", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Solitary Cystic Parenchymal Mass, General" ], "authors": [ { "key": "ab4396df-0647-4f6a-b534-995eda06646c", "value": "Nancy J. Fischbein, MD" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Brain Parenchyma, General, Generic Imaging Patterns, Solitary Cystic Parenchymal Mass, General", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Definition\n - Includes cystic or cyst-like parenchymal masses\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/white-matter-tracts_846101a2-e892-4c70-9a32-c9fa887d073a.md", "title": "White Matter Tracts", "docid": "846101a2-e892-4c70-9a32-c9fa887d073a", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "White Matter Tracts" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809", "value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, White Matter Tracts", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Hemispheric white matter tracts divided by course into **association**,**commissural**,**projection fibe..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cavernous-sinus_2a0f0fa0-b60c-4a90-82de-9d78bdf42463.md", "title": "Cavernous Sinus", "docid": "2a0f0fa0-b60c-4a90-82de-9d78bdf42463", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Orbit", "Cavernous Sinus" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Orbit, Cavernous Sinus", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Cavernous sinus (CS)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Paired venous lakes with multiple septa within loc..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/abdominal-wall-mass_d51e2268-67b6-4a60-9222-f5a86f61ddec.md", "title": "Abdominal Wall Mass", "docid": "d51e2268-67b6-4a60-9222-f5a86f61ddec", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Abdominal Wall", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Abdominal Wall Mass" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Abdominal Wall, Anatomically Based Differentials, Abdominal Wall Mass", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Given limitations of clinical examination, imaging plays important role i..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/desmoid_f0ca3968-a2f3-4f1d-8825-44819a047224.md", "title": "Desmoid", "docid": "f0ca3968-a2f3-4f1d-8825-44819a047224", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Diagnosis", "Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall", "Benign Neoplasms", "Desmoid" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Diagnosis, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall, Benign Neoplasms, Desmoid", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Rare, benign, locally aggressive, nonencapsulated mesenchymal neoplasms of connective or fibrous tissue\n- #..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/carotid-stenosis-extracranial_1ebd8530-ebfc-4b36-9cd9-d9723c06f976.md", "title": "Carotid Stenosis, Extracranial", "docid": "1ebd8530-ebfc-4b36-9cd9-d9723c06f976", "breadcrumbs": [ "Vasculature", "Diagnosis", "Extracranial Cerebral Arteries", "Carotid Stenosis, Extracranial" ], "authors": [ { "key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06", "value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Vasculature, Diagnosis, Extracranial Cerebral Arteries, Carotid Stenosis, Extracranial", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Narrowing of cervical internal carotid artery or common carotid artery\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Extracrania..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/hypothalamic-hamartoma_f6f0cc2c-3d38-4a35-bc6a-2ca6c9ae948b.md", "title": "Hypothalamic Hamartoma", "docid": "f6f0cc2c-3d38-4a35-bc6a-2ca6c9ae948b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Congenital", "Hypothalamic Hamartoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Congenital, Hypothalamic Hamartoma", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH)\n - Nonneoplastic; congenital gray matter heterotopia\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/hypothalamic-hamartoma_7f85487f-9497-44a9-b884-b98e50d41018.md", "title": "Hypothalamic Hamartoma", "docid": "7f85487f-9497-44a9-b884-b98e50d41018", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Congenital", "Hypothalamic Hamartoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Congenital, Hypothalamic Hamartoma", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - a.k.a. tuber cinereum hamartoma\n - Nonneoplastic; congenital gray matter heterotopia\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/orbitofrontal-cortex-area-11_5b3d8bfe-aa5b-4163-af72-19277dbc799d.md", "title": "Orbitofrontal Cortex (Area 11)", "docid": "5b3d8bfe-aa5b-4163-af72-19277dbc799d", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Orbitofrontal Cortex (Area 11)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Orbitofrontal Cortex (Area 11)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Ventral aspect of inferior frontal lobes within anterior cranial fossa\n - Includes orbital ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/chiari-1-malformation_97837e15-0d39-4c87-8af0-028652b399a6.md", "title": "Chiari 1 Malformation", "docid": "97837e15-0d39-4c87-8af0-028652b399a6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Congenital Malformations", "Chiari Malformations", "Chiari 1 Malformation" ], "authors": [ { "key": "2c9d2e67-05db-4d26-b8cb-02e0f7566179", "value": "Usha D. Nagaraj, MD" }, { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Congenital Malformations, Chiari Malformations, Chiari 1 Malformation", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Chiari 1 malformation (CM1); synonyms: Chiari type 1, Chiari 1 deformity, cerebellar tonsillar ectopia\n- ##..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/craniopharyngioma_00e66680-6731-4287-b5a1-3f0b3f09053b.md", "title": "Craniopharyngioma", "docid": "00e66680-6731-4287-b5a1-3f0b3f09053b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Neoplasms", "Craniopharyngioma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Craniopharyngioma", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Benign, partially cystic sellar region tumor derived from remnants of craniopharyngeal duct/Rathke pouch ep..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/epilepsy-adult_c936f9e1-b6c6-4c4a-afc6-f2e1a968a7b0.md", "title": "Epilepsy, Adult", "docid": "c936f9e1-b6c6-4c4a-afc6-f2e1a968a7b0", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Brain Parenchyma, General", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Epilepsy, Adult" ], "authors": [ { "key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a", "value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD" }, { "key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06", "value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Brain Parenchyma, General, Clinically Based Differentials, Epilepsy, Adult", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Adult-onset seizures are more likely acquired\n - Acute symptomat..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/small-brainstem_c1cf0cc4-754d-43a5-9fe5-f72ad2e61930.md", "title": "Small Brainstem", "docid": "c1cf0cc4-754d-43a5-9fe5-f72ad2e61930", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Small Brainstem" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Anatomically Based Differentials, Small Brainstem", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Cerebral Infarction, Chronic**\n - May be lacunar, territori..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/double-aortic-arch_0b68477f-f05a-4e4c-a1a8-02fe29c292db.md", "title": "Double Aortic Arch", "docid": "0b68477f-f05a-4e4c-a1a8-02fe29c292db", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Double Aortic Arch" ], "authors": [ { "key": "ee6ece9d-ad74-458c-a8df-11628ae7f879", "value": "Arzu Canan, MD" }, { "key": "10bb95ac-a27a-4ebe-833b-e59fea07734b", "value": "Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Double Aortic Arch", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Double aortic arch (DAA)\n - Persistent right and left aortic arches, each one giving rise to separ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/t2-hyperintense-brainstem-diffuse_38d3ba3a-c6ec-4845-a92b-f309e65c6475.md", "title": "T2-Hyperintense Brainstem, Diffuse", "docid": "38d3ba3a-c6ec-4845-a92b-f309e65c6475", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "T2-Hyperintense Brainstem, Diffuse" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Anatomically Based Differentials, T2-Hyperintense Brainstem, Diffuse", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Brainstem Glioma**\n - Includes variety of gliomas (WHO grad..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/sensorineural-hearing-loss-in-child_08c895da-f2aa-4076-abf0-af9aca1677cd.md", "title": "Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Child", "docid": "08c895da-f2aa-4076-abf0-af9aca1677cd", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Child" ], "authors": [ { "key": "d19354f3-7ff2-495a-ad3f-064122e45602", "value": "Bernadette L. Koch, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Clinically Based Differentials, Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Child", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - History is important\n - **Congenital sensorineural hearing loss ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy-pml_e20e1ef7-13f4-4e23-8387-dd3de6721bfe.md", "title": "Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)", "docid": "e20e1ef7-13f4-4e23-8387-dd3de6721bfe", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases", "Acquired Infections", "Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases, Acquired Infections, Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)\n - Subacute opportunistic infection caused by DNA vir..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/spigelian-hernia_3bbee7e5-dcd2-423c-a079-ce530cdb08c0.md", "title": "Spigelian Hernia", "docid": "3bbee7e5-dcd2-423c-a079-ce530cdb08c0", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Diagnosis", "Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall", "External Hernias", "Spigelian Hernia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Diagnosis, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall, External Hernias, Spigelian Hernia", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Hernia through defect in aponeurosis of internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles\n- ## Imaging\n \n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/segmental-colonic-narrowing_c193bc86-43d2-4932-8378-5db8001d755e.md", "title": "Segmental Colonic Narrowing", "docid": "c193bc86-43d2-4932-8378-5db8001d755e", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Colon", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Segmental Colonic Narrowing" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Segmental Colonic Narrowing", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Important to describe length, site, and nature of narrowed segment\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cnxii-hypoglossal-nerve_f734d678-561c-47fd-afb5-dab6afacc1a8.md", "title": "CNXII (Hypoglossal Nerve)", "docid": "f734d678-561c-47fd-afb5-dab6afacc1a8", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Cranial Nerves", "CNXII (Hypoglossal Nerve)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3", "value": "Aparna Singhal, MD" }, { "key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915", "value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNXII (Hypoglossal Nerve)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 12th cranial nerve, CN12\n- ### Definitions\n \n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/aortic-dissection_57e3428e-1f18-4f38-95c6-f7fe2d93c00a.md", "title": "Aortic Dissection", "docid": "57e3428e-1f18-4f38-95c6-f7fe2d93c00a", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Aortic Dissection" ], "authors": [ { "key": "770e1d77-2287-436e-910b-48232afc7842", "value": "Prabhakar Rajiah, MBBS, MD, FACR, FRCR, FACC, FAHA, FSCCT" }, { "key": "3d1e4c57-c1cf-4c89-b0f0-5d82b29a31e1", "value": "Suhny Abbara, MD, FACR, MSCCT, FNASCI" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Aortic Dissection", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Blood enters media of aortic wall through intimal defect and splits wall longitudinally\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/high-attenuation-hyperdense-bile-in-gallbladder_9f2314d3-b994-4a19-84cf-810daa04fd59.md", "title": "High-Attenuation (Hyperdense) Bile in Gallbladder", "docid": "9f2314d3-b994-4a19-84cf-810daa04fd59", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Gallbladder", "Modality-Specific Imaging Findings", "Computed Tomography", "High-Attenuation (Hyperdense) Bile in Gallbladder" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Computed Tomography, High-Attenuation (Hyperdense) Bile in Gallbladder", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Most common causes of high-density bile are iatrogenic (e.g., vicarious e..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/vertebrobasilar-system_0ff112d1-0e58-4694-9b49-0a0327ea1310.md", "title": "Vertebrobasilar System", "docid": "0ff112d1-0e58-4694-9b49-0a0327ea1310", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Intracranial Arteries", "Vertebrobasilar System" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b", "value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "afaec833-e997-49c4-8eab-e28310c6c2bf", "value": "Adriene C. Eastaway, MD, MS" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Vertebrobasilar System", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Vertebrobasilar (VB), vertebral artery (VA), basilar artery (BA)\n - Superior cerebellar arteries (..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/metachromatic-leukodystrophy_265c24dc-ec0d-461f-a4ee-85cc675b1f3d.md", "title": "Metachromatic Leukodystrophy", "docid": "265c24dc-ec0d-461f-a4ee-85cc675b1f3d", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Lysosomal Disorders", "Metachromatic Leukodystrophy" ], "authors": [ { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Lysosomal Disorders, Metachromatic Leukodystrophy", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Lysosomal storage disorder\n - Caused by ↓ arylsulfatase A (ARSA)\n - Results in CNS, per..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/extrinsic-mass-esophagus_0c49e9b9-2005-4a29-a95c-97e400ceb8b2.md", "title": "Extrinsic Mass, Esophagus", "docid": "0c49e9b9-2005-4a29-a95c-97e400ceb8b2", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Esophagus", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Extrinsic Mass, Esophagus" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Generic Imaging Patterns, Extrinsic Mass, Esophagus", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Extrinsic lesions: Smooth, intact mucosa and obtuse angles at indentation..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/coarctation-of-aorta_c0b23d8c-05e3-4373-b5d9-2de1590414a7.md", "title": "Coarctation of Aorta", "docid": "c0b23d8c-05e3-4373-b5d9-2de1590414a7", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Coarctation of Aorta" ], "authors": [ { "key": "ee6ece9d-ad74-458c-a8df-11628ae7f879", "value": "Arzu Canan, MD" }, { "key": "10bb95ac-a27a-4ebe-833b-e59fea07734b", "value": "Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Coarctation of Aorta", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Congenital narrowing of aorta, most commonly occurring just distal to left subclavian artery origin\n- ## Im..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/vascular-dementia_f59dab57-c511-4369-8fcc-592421a4b8d1.md", "title": "Vascular Dementia", "docid": "f59dab57-c511-4369-8fcc-592421a4b8d1", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Dementias and Degenerative Disorders", "Vascular Dementia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Vascular Dementia", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Vascular dementia (VaD), multiinfarct dementia (MID), vascular cognitive impairment (VCI)\n - Stepwise pr..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/frontotemporal-lobar-degeneration_49510d0e-acf7-45cb-9eb1-53f8193b0b6d.md", "title": "Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration", "docid": "49510d0e-acf7-45cb-9eb1-53f8193b0b6d", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Dementias and Degenerative Disorders", "Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Clinical subtypes\n - Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia **(bvFTD)**\n - Primary pr..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/insula-and-parainsula-areas-areas-13-43_0e9647e5-4dbf-490c-a356-f3055a72e9a8.md", "title": "Insula and Parainsula Areas (Areas 13, 43)", "docid": "0e9647e5-4dbf-490c-a356-f3055a72e9a8", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Insula and Parainsula Areas (Areas 13, 43)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Insula and Parainsula Areas (Areas 13, 43)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Locations and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Anterior portion of parietal operculum (secondary somatosensory cortex, area 43)\n - Cortex..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/normal-pressure-hydrocephalus_ba3f857d-58de-4f21-8463-1631b4cb9972.md", "title": "Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus", "docid": "ba3f857d-58de-4f21-8463-1631b4cb9972", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Ventricles and Cisterns", "Hydrocephalus", "Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Hydrocephalus, Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Ventriculomegaly with normal CSF pressure, altered CSF dynamics\n - Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocepha..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/midbrain_628d8588-6898-45ba-b946-1702bcce1366.md", "title": "Midbrain", "docid": "628d8588-6898-45ba-b946-1702bcce1366", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Infratentorial Brain", "Midbrain" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "00279799-953b-49c0-b072-7b0ed0ac3122", "value": "Farshid Sepehrband, PhD, MS, BS" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Infratentorial Brain, Midbrain", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)\n - Cranial nerves (CN): Oculomotor nerve (CNIII), trochlear nerve (CNIV)..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/spindle-cell-oncocytoma_9d25f5c6-63d1-4050-a419-8e73945873a1.md", "title": "Spindle Cell Oncocytoma", "docid": "9d25f5c6-63d1-4050-a419-8e73945873a1", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Neoplasms", "Spindle Cell Oncocytoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Spindle Cell Oncocytoma", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Rare nonendocrine, nonfunctioning sellar tumor\n - Part of 2021 WHO spectrum of thyroid transcription f..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/fusiform-gyrus-area-37_9eb68cdb-4394-43cd-98e1-b2ff4e43800f.md", "title": "Fusiform Gyrus (Area 37)", "docid": "9eb68cdb-4394-43cd-98e1-b2ff4e43800f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Fusiform Gyrus (Area 37)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Fusiform Gyrus (Area 37)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Bridges temporal and occipital lobes anterior to inferior occipital gyrus, anterolateral to li..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/subacute-cerebral-infarction_0109f4c0-c84a-4d85-97cb-afe437b9cc43.md", "title": "Subacute Cerebral Infarction", "docid": "0109f4c0-c84a-4d85-97cb-afe437b9cc43", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Stroke", "Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction", "Subacute Cerebral Infarction" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction, Subacute Cerebral Infarction", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Subacute infarction ~ 2-14 days following initial ischemic event\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Best diagnostic c..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/left-ventricular-enlargement_fbb972de-3e13-4c67-b7a4-f8901aa2efb8.md", "title": "Left Ventricular Enlargement", "docid": "fbb972de-3e13-4c67-b7a4-f8901aa2efb8", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Differential Diagnosis", "Left Ventricular Enlargement" ], "authors": [ { "key": "df804626-c042-4296-96e3-836a6da50fd6", "value": "Gregory Kicska, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Differential Diagnosis, Left Ventricular Enlargement", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Determination of LV chamber enlargement\n - Radiographic\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cervical-carotid-arteries_6eafa14e-2538-41b5-850c-29c41f38b970.md", "title": "Cervical Carotid Arteries", "docid": "6eafa14e-2538-41b5-850c-29c41f38b970", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Extracranial Arteries", "Cervical Carotid Arteries" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Extracranial Arteries, Cervical Carotid Arteries", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Aortic arch (AA); brachiocephalic trunk (BCT)\n - Common (CCA), internal (ICA), external (ECA) caro..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/facet-abnormality-nontraumatic_c1c333c4-a85e-478c-8a31-1bb09c937e0d.md", "title": "Facet Abnormality, Nontraumatic", "docid": "c1c333c4-a85e-478c-8a31-1bb09c937e0d", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Differential Diagnosis", "Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Facet Abnormality, Nontraumatic" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" }, { "key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea", "value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Generic Imaging Patterns, Facet Abnormality, Nontraumatic", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Assess vertebral abnormalities, multiplicity (i.e., metastases), and so..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cnvii-facial-nerve_98cb2d45-e64c-4295-9662-3470cd46513a.md", "title": "CNVII (Facial Nerve)", "docid": "98cb2d45-e64c-4295-9662-3470cd46513a", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Cranial Nerves", "CNVII (Facial Nerve)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNVII (Facial Nerve)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n# TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ## Abbreviations\n \n \n - Facial nerve (CNVII)\n- ## Synonyms\n \n \n - 7th cranial nerve\n- ## Definitions\n \n \n - CNVII: Cr..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/narrowed-aorta_763503a4-a7b8-4aff-8846-3dfbe312125c.md", "title": "Narrowed Aorta", "docid": "763503a4-a7b8-4aff-8846-3dfbe312125c", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Differential Diagnosis", "Narrowed Aorta" ], "authors": [ { "key": "df804626-c042-4296-96e3-836a6da50fd6", "value": "Gregory Kicska, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Differential Diagnosis, Narrowed Aorta", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Focal outer diameter narrowed in coarctation or vasculitis\n - Normativ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/retrosplenial-cingulate-cortex-areas-29-30_0f3caac0-3674-43a0-9153-d6dc29b6a2e0.md", "title": "Retrosplenial Cingulate Cortex (Areas 29, 30)", "docid": "0f3caac0-3674-43a0-9153-d6dc29b6a2e0", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Retrosplenial Cingulate Cortex (Areas 29, 30)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Retrosplenial Cingulate Cortex (Areas 29, 30)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Paramidline posterior to most caudal portion of corpus callosum (isthmus of cingulate gyrus)\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/epilepsy-child_a342e5b5-5b98-4003-a437-6d42a483b40e.md", "title": "Epilepsy, Child", "docid": "a342e5b5-5b98-4003-a437-6d42a483b40e", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Brain Parenchyma, General", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Epilepsy, Child" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Brain Parenchyma, General, Clinically Based Differentials, Epilepsy, Child", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Generalized seizure disorders usually nonlocalizing\n - Partial complex..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/groin-mass_160e727f-dabe-4187-aa46-c29625076cc5.md", "title": "Groin Mass", "docid": "160e727f-dabe-4187-aa46-c29625076cc5", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Abdominal Wall", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Groin Mass" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Abdominal Wall, Anatomically Based Differentials, Groin Mass", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Although clinical exam may diagnose many common groin masses (particularl..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cidp_12e4033c-edc8-46ff-8081-3acc433cda78.md", "title": "CIDP", "docid": "12e4033c-edc8-46ff-8081-3acc433cda78", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease", "Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease", "CIDP" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, CIDP", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Clinically heterogeneous, grossly symmetric, sensory & motor neuropathy evolving as monophasic, relapsing, ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/superior-prefrontal-cortex-area-8_13608440-c827-4c0e-8f4d-026bfae199a1.md", "title": "Superior Prefrontal Cortex (Area 8)", "docid": "13608440-c827-4c0e-8f4d-026bfae199a1", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Superior Prefrontal Cortex (Area 8)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Superior Prefrontal Cortex (Area 8)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Caudal portion of middle frontal gyrus\n - Caudal portion of both medial and lateral superio..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/facial-nerve-cnvii_2f4818dd-6438-405b-8561-5cbbb9c91562.md", "title": "Facial Nerve (CNVII)", "docid": "2f4818dd-6438-405b-8561-5cbbb9c91562", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Facial Nerve (CNVII)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" }, { "key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809", "value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Facial Nerve (CNVII)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n# TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ## Abbreviations\n \n \n - Facial nerve (CNVII)\n- ## Synonyms\n \n \n - 7th cranial nerve\n- ## Definitions\n \n \n - CNVII: Cr..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/benign-enlarged-subarachnoid-spaces_3da4fec0-6e87-4bcc-bd66-b4a5d1984f6e.md", "title": "Benign Enlarged Subarachnoid Spaces", "docid": "3da4fec0-6e87-4bcc-bd66-b4a5d1984f6e", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Ventricles and Cisterns", "Normal Variants", "Benign Enlarged Subarachnoid Spaces" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" }, { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Normal Variants, Benign Enlarged Subarachnoid Spaces", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Idiopathic enlargement of subarachnoid spaces (SAS) during infancy\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Primary imaging..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/mesial-temporal-sclerosis_3861ee73-c82c-49f2-a60f-8fd08f7e6165.md", "title": "Mesial Temporal Sclerosis", "docid": "3861ee73-c82c-49f2-a60f-8fd08f7e6165", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations", "Mesial Temporal Sclerosis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Mesial Temporal Sclerosis", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Seizure-associated neuronal loss & gliosis in hippocampus & adjacent structures\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Pr..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/peritoneal-cavity_6691f48d-ac34-477b-8ec1-b9dd731a14a8.md", "title": "Peritoneal Cavity", "docid": "6691f48d-ac34-477b-8ec1-b9dd731a14a8", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Anatomy", "Gastrointestinal Tract and Abdominal Cavity", "Peritoneal Cavity" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Anatomy, Gastrointestinal Tract and Abdominal Cavity, Peritoneal Cavity", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n# TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ## Definitions\n \n \n - **Peritoneal cavity**: Potential space in abdomen between visceral and parietal peritoneum, containing on..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cystic-intrasellar-mass_e5a24511-dd27-495c-b20a-c56534351a06.md", "title": "Cystic Intrasellar Mass", "docid": "e5a24511-dd27-495c-b20a-c56534351a06", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Cystic Intrasellar Mass" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Cystic Intrasellar Mass", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Cystic mass originating **within** sella turcica vs. intrasellar extensio..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/dilated-common-bile-duct_9d00fb38-f31d-45dd-a1d4-c0f96bb2a5f7.md", "title": "Dilated Common Bile Duct", "docid": "9d00fb38-f31d-45dd-a1d4-c0f96bb2a5f7", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Biliary Tract", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Dilated Common Bile Duct" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Biliary Tract, Generic Imaging Patterns, Dilated Common Bile Duct", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - When common bile duct (CBD) is only borderline enlarged, decision to purs..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cervical-bony-fusion_7deaa765-00e4-4dbf-9c04-952f34979371.md", "title": "Cervical Bony Fusion", "docid": "7deaa765-00e4-4dbf-9c04-952f34979371", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Differential Diagnosis", "Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Cervical Bony Fusion" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" }, { "key": "86b8c311-8667-4afd-9b2b-0c2036a02b8a", "value": "Julia Crim, MD" }, { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Anatomically Based Differentials, Cervical Bony Fusion", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Congenital Abnormalities of Segmentation**\n - May be isolat..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/intimointimal-intussusception_a7004bbb-3699-4ed4-af21-78f51a3685d9.md", "title": "Intimointimal Intussusception", "docid": "a7004bbb-3699-4ed4-af21-78f51a3685d9", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Intimointimal Intussusception" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b00d2bdb-66e1-41ed-90b4-c52904f4d598", "value": "Seth Kligerman, MD, MS" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Intimointimal Intussusception", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Complete circumferential intimal tear in type A > type B aortic dissection\n - Delaminated intima then ro..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/prepontine-cistern-mass_e0f71196-85c7-411c-9c71-e2606b2ee52f.md", "title": "Prepontine Cistern Mass", "docid": "e0f71196-85c7-411c-9c71-e2606b2ee52f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Prepontine Cistern Mass" ], "authors": [ { "key": "26ebc2e8-e4f7-40ee-8f5c-d23fe383e15c", "value": "Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH" }, { "key": "83f867a5-a183-4396-82ea-384015da4d2f", "value": "Gregory L. Katzman, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Anatomically Based Differentials, Prepontine Cistern Mass", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Anatomy\n - Extensive CSF space along ventral & lateral pons, dor..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/basal-ganglia_a9de3815-ec59-4c78-adf0-94974065a7e3.md", "title": "Basal Ganglia", "docid": "a9de3815-ec59-4c78-adf0-94974065a7e3", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Basal Ganglia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea", "value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Basal Ganglia", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus\n - Striatum: Caudate nucleus, putamen\n - Ca..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cnix-glossopharyngeal-nerve_2e74a767-3f28-49be-a50f-1dbcc10ce90f.md", "title": "CNIX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)", "docid": "2e74a767-3f28-49be-a50f-1dbcc10ce90f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Cranial Nerves", "CNIX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3", "value": "Aparna Singhal, MD" }, { "key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915", "value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNIX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 9th cranial nerve, CN9\n- ### Definitions\n \n..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-reversible-encephalopathy-syndrome-pres_84176f2c-fc9d-4497-8af9-1430b9f0187c.md", "title": "Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)", "docid": "84176f2c-fc9d-4497-8af9-1430b9f0187c", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations", "Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Cerebrovascular autoregulatory disorder\n - Many etiologies with HTN as common component\n - Pr..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/ventricles-and-choroid-plexus_e00c86e1-f0b9-4b88-9184-c22d8dd927d8.md", "title": "Ventricles and Choroid Plexus", "docid": "e00c86e1-f0b9-4b88-9184-c22d8dd927d8", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "CSF Spaces", "Ventricles and Choroid Plexus" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06", "value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, CSF Spaces, Ventricles and Choroid Plexus", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Tela choroidea: Double layer of pia, formed during folding of brain where hemispheres overgrow dienceph..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/central-skull-base-trigeminal-schwannoma_ba6828c1-f547-4af4-b82c-0711ee7600f5.md", "title": "Central Skull Base Trigeminal Schwannoma", "docid": "ba6828c1-f547-4af4-b82c-0711ee7600f5", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Diagnosis", "Skull Base Lesions", "Sphenoid Bone", "Central Skull Base Trigeminal Schwannoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "20008105-51da-4bbf-aba6-e8253b2d9c21", "value": "Daniel E. Meltzer, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Skull Base Lesions, Sphenoid Bone, Central Skull Base Trigeminal Schwannoma", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Synonyms: Giant trigeminal schwannoma (TS), \"dumbbell\" TS\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - Tubular mass along co..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cnv-trigeminal-nerve_9db87cfa-58ff-45fd-a7fd-fe8c73eb9770.md", "title": "CNV (Trigeminal Nerve)", "docid": "9db87cfa-58ff-45fd-a7fd-fe8c73eb9770", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Cranial Nerves", "CNV (Trigeminal Nerve) " ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNV (Trigeminal Nerve) ", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Trigeminal nerve (CNV)\n - Ophthalmic division, trigeminal nerve: CNV1\n - Maxillary division, tr..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cnx-vagus-nerve_83868689-c995-4608-bed3-f59664cbd586.md", "title": "CNX (Vagus Nerve)", "docid": "83868689-c995-4608-bed3-f59664cbd586", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Cranial Nerves", "CNX (Vagus Nerve)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3", "value": "Aparna Singhal, MD" }, { "key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915", "value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNX (Vagus Nerve)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Vagus nerve (CNX)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - CN10\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CNX: Longest & one of..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/sensorineural-hearing-loss-in-adult_08d468da-fbc3-44f8-8212-6480e0a152c4.md", "title": "Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Adult", "docid": "08d468da-fbc3-44f8-8212-6480e0a152c4", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Adult" ], "authors": [ { "key": "eef2f839-5706-47b9-89c3-60d8315b2b3a", "value": "Nicholas A. Koontz, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Clinically Based Differentials, Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Adult", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Many diagnoses cause sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)\n - Relative sta..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cpa-mass-child_76d2535b-050d-4826-a344-877e5bae4230.md", "title": "CPA Mass, Child", "docid": "76d2535b-050d-4826-a344-877e5bae4230", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "CPA Mass, Child" ], "authors": [ { "key": "d19354f3-7ff2-495a-ad3f-064122e45602", "value": "Bernadette L. Koch, MD" }, { "key": "e8af6d26-3aad-47c9-9083-5128aab09af2", "value": "Susan I. Blaser, MD, FRCPC" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Anatomically Based Differentials, CPA Mass, Child", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - [Arachnoid Cyst in CPA-IAC](/document/cpa-iac-arachnoid-cyst/f1af2d0f-ad..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/rectal-or-colonic-fistula_08e011c9-6953-49e1-8282-5c046b4b57ca.md", "title": "Rectal or Colonic Fistula", "docid": "08e011c9-6953-49e1-8282-5c046b4b57ca", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Colon", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Rectal or Colonic Fistula" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Rectal or Colonic Fistula", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Gas in urinary bladder may be due to\n - Colovesical or enteroves..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/aberrant-right-subclavian-artery_a20702fe-5409-44a5-a804-cb071023bade.md", "title": "Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery", "docid": "a20702fe-5409-44a5-a804-cb071023bade", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery" ], "authors": [ { "key": "770e1d77-2287-436e-910b-48232afc7842", "value": "Prabhakar Rajiah, MBBS, MD, FACR, FRCR, FACC, FAHA, FSCCT" }, { "key": "e915766e-8102-46e4-a33e-c83f8ae12f29", "value": "Harold Goerne, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) as last branch of left-sided aortic arch, isthmus, or proximal desc..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/solitary-colonic-filling-defect_b0e848cd-1cd1-4b8c-bd5b-45a6fa908329.md", "title": "Solitary Colonic Filling Defect", "docid": "b0e848cd-1cd1-4b8c-bd5b-45a6fa908329", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Colon", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Solitary Colonic Filling Defect" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Solitary Colonic Filling Defect", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Determine if intraluminal or mucosal lesion\n - Or if intramural ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/basal-ganglia-calcification_f8dc8f27-f256-480d-9393-7ec3495a3d27.md", "title": "Basal Ganglia Calcification", "docid": "f8dc8f27-f256-480d-9393-7ec3495a3d27", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Supratentorial Brain Parenchyma", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Basal Ganglia Calcification" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Supratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Anatomically Based Differentials, Basal Ganglia Calcification", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Basal ganglia (BG) Ca⁺⁺ is end result of multiple toxic, metabolic, infla..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/sella-pituitary-and-cavernous-sinus_98f756c9-dac9-4568-bee5-42fe5be53f32.md", "title": "Sella, Pituitary, and Cavernous Sinus", "docid": "98f756c9-dac9-4568-bee5-42fe5be53f32", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Sella, Pituitary, and Cavernous Sinus" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06", "value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Sella, Pituitary, and Cavernous Sinus", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Adenohypophysis (AH); neurohypophysis (NH)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Pituitary gland = hypophysis\n\n#..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pediatric-multiple-sclerosis-spine_59786b97-2a4d-4706-a6fe-fe2dcd476b5e.md", "title": "Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis, Spine", "docid": "59786b97-2a4d-4706-a6fe-fe2dcd476b5e", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Pediatric Neuroradiology", "Spine", "Infection and Inflammatory Disorders", "Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders", "Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis, Spine" ], "authors": [ { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Spine, Infection and Inflammatory Disorders, Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders, Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis, Spine", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Primary demyelinating disease of CNS with multiple lesions disseminated over time & space\n - Conco..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/partial-gastrectomy-billroth-procedures_92065594-d287-4f0a-8d50-da42b44db5d6.md", "title": "Partial Gastrectomy: Billroth Procedures", "docid": "92065594-d287-4f0a-8d50-da42b44db5d6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Diagnosis", "Stomach", "Treatment Related", "Partial Gastrectomy: Billroth Procedures" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Diagnosis, Stomach, Treatment Related, Partial Gastrectomy: Billroth Procedures", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - **Billroth 1 (B1)****procedure** (antrectomy with gastroduodenostomy)\n - **Billroth 2 (B2)****procedure*..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/peripheral-facial-nerve-paralysis_4da52ac4-c03c-4711-ae7e-bb4f2f7c5ab8.md", "title": "Peripheral Facial Nerve Paralysis", "docid": "4da52ac4-c03c-4711-ae7e-bb4f2f7c5ab8", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "Temporal Bone", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Peripheral Facial Nerve Paralysis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "eef2f839-5706-47b9-89c3-60d8315b2b3a", "value": "Nicholas A. Koontz, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Temporal Bone, Clinically Based Differentials, Peripheral Facial Nerve Paralysis", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Peripheral facial nerve paralysis\n - Definition: Unilateral faci..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/abdominal-lymph-nodes_3ca98d42-20ef-48fe-9265-ebfe570ba54b.md", "title": "Abdominal Lymph Nodes", "docid": "3ca98d42-20ef-48fe-9265-ebfe570ba54b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Ultrasound", "Anatomy", "Abdomen", "Abdominal Lymph Nodes" ], "authors": [ { "key": "07469ec4-05aa-4d65-a788-08b4d64048af", "value": "Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Ultrasound, Anatomy, Abdomen, Abdominal Lymph Nodes", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n# GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ## Overview\n \n \n - Major lymphatic vessels and nodal chains lie along major blood vessels [aorta, inferior vena cava (IVC), i..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-fossa-neoplasm-adult_9d6bcceb-36a2-4f49-a5b2-1dd076541be8.md", "title": "Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Adult", "docid": "9d6bcceb-36a2-4f49-a5b2-1dd076541be8", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Adult" ], "authors": [ { "key": "26ebc2e8-e4f7-40ee-8f5c-d23fe383e15c", "value": "Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Anatomically Based Differentials, Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Adult", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - With exception of vestibular schwannoma, posterior fossa (PF) neoplasms r..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/adamantinomatous-craniopharyngioma_495ef4ba-399a-4096-aeb2-f466ab5abc32.md", "title": "Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma", "docid": "495ef4ba-399a-4096-aeb2-f466ab5abc32", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Neoplasms", "Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Benign, partially cystic sellar region tumor derived from remnants of craniopharyngeal duct/Rathke pouch ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/extraventricular-obstructive-hydrocephalus_a0886d4c-f504-4165-bb52-2400e2385f68.md", "title": "Extraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus", "docid": "a0886d4c-f504-4165-bb52-2400e2385f68", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Ventricles and Cisterns", "Hydrocephalus", "Extraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Hydrocephalus, Extraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Extraventricular obstructive hydrocephalus (EVOH): Enlarged ventricles due to obstruction located outside v..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cnii-optic-nerve_1b5322bb-bdca-4605-9ab5-43598b5c322f.md", "title": "CNII (Optic Nerve)", "docid": "1b5322bb-bdca-4605-9ab5-43598b5c322f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Cranial Nerves", "CNII (Optic Nerve)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNII (Optic Nerve)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Cranial nerve II (CNII)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 2nd cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CN..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/interrupted-hypoplastic-aorta_100ba59a-24e8-47b4-b2b2-bbfdc0a21e92.md", "title": "Interrupted/Hypoplastic Aorta", "docid": "100ba59a-24e8-47b4-b2b2-bbfdc0a21e92", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Interrupted/Hypoplastic Aorta" ], "authors": [ { "key": "770e1d77-2287-436e-910b-48232afc7842", "value": "Prabhakar Rajiah, MBBS, MD, FACR, FRCR, FACC, FAHA, FSCCT" }, { "key": "e915766e-8102-46e4-a33e-c83f8ae12f29", "value": "Harold Goerne, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Interrupted/Hypoplastic Aorta", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Interrupted aortic arch\n - Complete luminal and anatomic wall discontinuity between ascending aort..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-antibody-associated-disease-brain_a5b155b3-03ee-4934-8023-e681ed9e8296.md", "title": "Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease, Brain", "docid": "a5b155b3-03ee-4934-8023-e681ed9e8296", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Pediatric Neuroradiology", "Brain", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease", "Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease, Brain" ], "authors": [ { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease, Brain", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n -..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/childhood-stroke_dc608435-4c6c-4b53-985a-4630cd24d5ce.md", "title": "Childhood Stroke", "docid": "dc608435-4c6c-4b53-985a-4630cd24d5ce", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Brain", "Traumatic and Vascular Lesions", "Childhood Stroke" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Brain, Traumatic and Vascular Lesions, Childhood Stroke", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Acute alteration of neurologic function due to loss of vascular integrity\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - NECT: ↓ ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cni-olfactory-nerve_54c329dd-8363-4b61-9af3-bf78909ea790.md", "title": "CNI (Olfactory Nerve)", "docid": "54c329dd-8363-4b61-9af3-bf78909ea790", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Cranial Nerves", "CNI (Olfactory Nerve)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3", "value": "Aparna Singhal, MD" }, { "key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915", "value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNI (Olfactory Nerve)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Olfactory nerve (CNI)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 1st cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Visc..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/mass-or-inflammation-of-ileocecal-area_5c7d84e9-f14b-4649-9464-a1a9642ddfd6.md", "title": "Mass or Inflammation of Ileocecal Area", "docid": "5c7d84e9-f14b-4649-9464-a1a9642ddfd6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Colon", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Mass or Inflammation of Ileocecal Area" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Mass or Inflammation of Ileocecal Area", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - CT: Optimal for evaluation of intra- and extramural disease in right lowe..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/multiple-sclerosis_89599954-599e-4410-a517-eb22125cedfb.md", "title": "Multiple Sclerosis", "docid": "89599954-599e-4410-a517-eb22125cedfb", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Diagnosis", "Infection and Inflammatory Disorders", "Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders", "Multiple Sclerosis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Diagnosis, Infection and Inflammatory Disorders, Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders, Multiple Sclerosis", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Primary demyelinating disease of CNS with multiple lesions disseminated over time & space\n - Conco..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/parotid-sjgren-syndrome_51b74c50-0db9-4fa5-a376-2c6935f00771.md", "title": "Parotid Sjögren Syndrome", "docid": "51b74c50-0db9-4fa5-a376-2c6935f00771", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Diagnosis", "Parotid Space", "Infectious and Inflammatory Lesions", "Parotid Sjögren Syndrome" ], "authors": [ { "key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06", "value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Parotid Space, Infectious and Inflammatory Lesions, Parotid Sjögren Syndrome", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Sjögren syndrome (SjS): Chronic systemic **autoimmune exocrinopathy** causing salivary & lacrimal gland d..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/vessel-wall-abnormalities_850dc563-30b3-4627-87bc-fd858bccf896.md", "title": "Vessel Wall Abnormalities", "docid": "850dc563-30b3-4627-87bc-fd858bccf896", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Arteries", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Vessel Wall Abnormalities" ], "authors": [ { "key": "2bca6b86-1eca-4e93-b997-4e18913686a7", "value": "Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS" }, { "key": "f6dcad15-b660-4243-a242-a9845c929101", "value": "J. Scott McNally, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Arteries, Anatomically Based Differentials, Vessel Wall Abnormalities", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - **Clinical history**\n - History can narrow DDx, but it is often ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pituicytoma_d6e481d5-7742-4354-8dfe-4f04286a709a.md", "title": "Pituicytoma", "docid": "d6e481d5-7742-4354-8dfe-4f04286a709a", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Neoplasms", "Pituicytoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Pituicytoma", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Rare tumor arising from pituicytes, specialized glial cells in neurohypophysis and infundibulum\n - Part ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/duodenal-mass_fdf7bc57-7466-475e-af28-fba3e60f7b91.md", "title": "Duodenal Mass", "docid": "fdf7bc57-7466-475e-af28-fba3e60f7b91", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Duodenum", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Duodenal Mass" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Duodenum, Generic Imaging Patterns, Duodenal Mass", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Barium upper GI (UGI) series may suggest diagnosis or indicate finding\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/csf-like-parenchymal-lesions_24559f7a-ed5a-4ab6-90ba-769f0b5c1197.md", "title": "CSF-Like Parenchymal Lesion(s)", "docid": "24559f7a-ed5a-4ab6-90ba-769f0b5c1197", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Brain Parenchyma, General", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "CSF-Like Parenchymal Lesion(s)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "4b6589b0-9b8d-4467-8a90-01a0a59742fc", "value": "Troy A. Hutchins, MD" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Brain Parenchyma, General, Generic Imaging Patterns, CSF-Like Parenchymal Lesion(s)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Key imaging questions\n - Does lesion follow CSF on all modalitie..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/temporal-bone-facial-nerve-venous-malformation-hemangioma_dcd6a44e-cbe6-457c-9b03-598a2b874ece.md", "title": "Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Venous Malformation (Hemangioma)", "docid": "dcd6a44e-cbe6-457c-9b03-598a2b874ece", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Diagnosis", "Temporal Bone", "Intratemporal Facial Nerve", "Benign and Malignant Tumors", "Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Venous Malformation (Hemangioma)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06", "value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD" }, { "key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915", "value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Temporal Bone, Intratemporal Facial Nerve, Benign and Malignant Tumors, Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Venous Malformation (Hemangioma)", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Facial nerve venous malformation (FNVM)\n - Older terms: Facial nerve hemangioma/ossifying hemangioma\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/glossopharyngeal-nerve-cnix_172680f5-d290-4a02-b07e-63c1da75e148.md", "title": "Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)", "docid": "172680f5-d290-4a02-b07e-63c1da75e148", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3", "value": "Aparna Singhal, MD" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 9th cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/trigeminal-neuralgia_294f4a67-30d6-4488-bd1a-931d1f8c7609.md", "title": "Trigeminal Neuralgia", "docid": "294f4a67-30d6-4488-bd1a-931d1f8c7609", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "Cranial Nerves and Brainstem", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Trigeminal Neuralgia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "eef2f839-5706-47b9-89c3-60d8315b2b3a", "value": "Nicholas A. Koontz, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Cranial Nerves and Brainstem, Clinically Based Differentials, Trigeminal Neuralgia", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Overall statistics\n - 80-90% are due to vascular compression o..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/dilated-duodenum_1dc2128e-8fdc-41db-86ba-01fcae515a91.md", "title": "Dilated Duodenum", "docid": "1dc2128e-8fdc-41db-86ba-01fcae515a91", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Duodenum", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Dilated Duodenum" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Duodenum, Generic Imaging Patterns, Dilated Duodenum", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Fluoroscopy and CT/MR have complementary roles in evaluation of duodenal ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pia-and-perivascular-spaces_aade2e69-4af2-432e-8324-b4f0121d66d7.md", "title": "Pia and Perivascular Spaces", "docid": "aade2e69-4af2-432e-8324-b4f0121d66d7", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Scalp, Skull, and Meninges", "Pia and Perivascular Spaces" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "4d7b64a2-00bd-47b1-9e98-1f3bd129a877", "value": "Giuseppe Barisano, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Scalp, Skull, and Meninges, Pia and Perivascular Spaces", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Perivascular spaces (PVSs)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Virchow-Robin spaces (VRSs)\n - Note: I..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/gas-in-bile-ducts-or-gallbladder_c3a1dac6-424b-4de6-9d86-23a24b40637b.md", "title": "Gas in Bile Ducts or Gallbladder", "docid": "c3a1dac6-424b-4de6-9d86-23a24b40637b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Gallbladder", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Gas in Bile Ducts or Gallbladder" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Generic Imaging Patterns, Gas in Bile Ducts or Gallbladder", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Gas in biliary system (pneumobilia or aerobilia) is sequelae of abnormal ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/frontal-recess-and-related-air-cells_f96e79b9-f0cf-4b43-aaf7-4453e8a36664.md", "title": "Frontal Recess and Related Air Cells", "docid": "f96e79b9-f0cf-4b43-aaf7-4453e8a36664", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Nose and Sinuses", "Frontal Recess and Related Air Cells" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Nose and Sinuses, Frontal Recess and Related Air Cells", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Frontal recess (FR); agger nasi cell (AN); ethmoid bulla (EB); suprabullar cell (SBC); frontal bullar..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/colonic-wall-thickening_71ca9b30-6186-4129-957b-3b686b91b327.md", "title": "Colonic Wall Thickening", "docid": "71ca9b30-6186-4129-957b-3b686b91b327", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Colon", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Colonic Wall Thickening" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Colonic Wall Thickening", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - **Characterize length and site of involvement**\n - Focal (< 10 c..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/middle-ear-prolapsing-facial-nerve_61f6bcaa-f073-4385-b895-dc420ddc8a1e.md", "title": "Middle Ear Prolapsing Facial Nerve", "docid": "61f6bcaa-f073-4385-b895-dc420ddc8a1e", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Diagnosis", "Temporal Bone", "Intratemporal Facial Nerve", "Pseudolesions", "Middle Ear Prolapsing Facial Nerve" ], "authors": [ { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" }, { "key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915", "value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Temporal Bone, Intratemporal Facial Nerve, Pseudolesions, Middle Ear Prolapsing Facial Nerve", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Definition: Midtympanic facial nerve (CNVII) segment protrudes through bony dehiscence\n - **CNVII ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-fossa-neoplasm-pediatric_22c55144-5db6-4235-9292-de3dd1315dd2.md", "title": "Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Pediatric", "docid": "22c55144-5db6-4235-9292-de3dd1315dd2", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Pediatric" ], "authors": [ { "key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a", "value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD" }, { "key": "e8af6d26-3aad-47c9-9083-5128aab09af2", "value": "Susan I. Blaser, MD, FRCPC" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Anatomically Based Differentials, Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Pediatric", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Unlike in adults, primary neoplasm is more common than metastases in chil..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/limbic-network_e1a20b61-b2c1-44c5-ba04-59843855bfef.md", "title": "Limbic Network", "docid": "e1a20b61-b2c1-44c5-ba04-59843855bfef", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Brain Network Anatomy", "Limbic Network" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Limbic Network", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Limbic network includes amygdala, striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, insula, medial temporal lobe, and cl..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/scalp-and-calvarial-vault_0783a6ca-5f20-48a8-802b-66c4578542f5.md", "title": "Scalp and Calvarial Vault", "docid": "0783a6ca-5f20-48a8-802b-66c4578542f5", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Scalp, Skull, and Meninges", "Scalp and Calvarial Vault" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Scalp, Skull, and Meninges, Scalp and Calvarial Vault", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Bregma\n - Meeting of sagittal, coronal sutures (anterior fontanelle in neonates)\n - Lambda\n..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/intraventricular-obstructive-hydrocephalus_eeac8d9b-1fdc-432e-8e09-11589611f7a8.md", "title": "Intraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus", "docid": "eeac8d9b-1fdc-432e-8e09-11589611f7a8", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Ventricles and Cisterns", "Hydrocephalus", "Intraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Hydrocephalus, Intraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Intraventricular obstructive hydrocephalus (IVOH) = obstruction proximal to foramina of Luschka, Magendie\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cerebellopontine-angle-iac_aece0451-5c50-40e4-a325-5b4248298982.md", "title": "Cerebellopontine Angle/IAC", "docid": "aece0451-5c50-40e4-a325-5b4248298982", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Infratentorial Brain", "Cerebellopontine Angle/IAC" ], "authors": [ { "key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915", "value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Infratentorial Brain, Cerebellopontine Angle/IAC", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and internal auditory canal (IAC)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - **CPA-IA..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/thalamus_b7f0cd6b-4ba2-4ed4-8dd0-5ca56d9ae92b.md", "title": "Thalamus", "docid": "b7f0cd6b-4ba2-4ed4-8dd0-5ca56d9ae92b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Thalamus" ], "authors": [ { "key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea", "value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Thalamus", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Part of diencephalon\n - Bilateral structures subdivided into multiple nuclei\n - Reciprocal thalamo..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/small-iac_9323a206-e7c6-4213-8493-7870b51c6adf.md", "title": "Small IAC", "docid": "9323a206-e7c6-4213-8493-7870b51c6adf", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Small IAC" ], "authors": [ { "key": "d19354f3-7ff2-495a-ad3f-064122e45602", "value": "Bernadette L. Koch, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Anatomically Based Differentials, Small IAC", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Small internal auditory canal (IAC) **≤ 2****mm diameter**\n - CT..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/clippers_ba394f3b-bbff-4128-90b5-3e1c07564c5f.md", "title": "CLIPPERS", "docid": "ba394f3b-bbff-4128-90b5-3e1c07564c5f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease", "Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease", "CLIPPERS" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, CLIPPERS", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - **C**hronic **l**ymphocytic **i**nflammation with**p**ontine **p**erivascular **e**nhancement **r**esponsiv..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/dolichoectasia_31d50b93-b057-4da3-86b5-4cc8fb0bc806.md", "title": "Dolichoectasia", "docid": "31d50b93-b057-4da3-86b5-4cc8fb0bc806", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Arteries", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Fusiform Arterial Enlargement" ], "authors": null, "pageKeywords": null, "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Ectasia = elongated/tortuous artery\n - Fusiform aneurysm\n - L..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/alzheimer-disease_2aad3ac4-44fd-43e5-8e50-a86987483af3.md", "title": "Alzheimer Disease", "docid": "2aad3ac4-44fd-43e5-8e50-a86987483af3", "breadcrumbs": [ "Nuclear Medicine", "Central Nervous System", "Neurodegeneration", "Alzheimer Disease" ], "authors": [ { "key": "9d40c5b1-57d2-442c-9daf-8d8d9d53e24b", "value": "Akiva Mintz, MD, PhD, MHA, CFA" }, { "key": "1f262abe-db83-4f18-99af-00bd3045cd4d", "value": "Marc Benayoun, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "bbc899b6-2885-44bb-a5b0-24eec7314d33", "value": "Bryan J. Neth, BS" } ], "pageKeywords": "Nuclear Medicine, Central Nervous System, Neurodegeneration, Alzheimer Disease", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Alzheimer disease (AD)\n - Progressive neurodegenerative brain disease related to build up of (Aβ) ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/moyamoya_e15385dc-824d-431a-8df0-2b28bf909a2d.md", "title": "Moyamoya", "docid": "e15385dc-824d-431a-8df0-2b28bf909a2d", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Pediatric Neuroradiology", "Brain", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Stroke", "Moyamoya" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Moyamoya", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Progressive narrowing of distal internal carotid artery (ICA) & proximal circle of Willis (COW) vessels → c..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cranial-nerves-overview_170ad135-ca16-497a-80de-5a24b9ca2f47.md", "title": "Cranial Nerves Overview", "docid": "170ad135-ca16-497a-80de-5a24b9ca2f47", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Cranial Nerves", "Cranial Nerves Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD" }, { "key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915", "value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD" }, { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, Cranial Nerves Overview", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Olfactory nerve: CNI\n - Optic nerve: CNII\n - Oculomotor nerve: CNIII\n - Trochlear nerve: CNIV\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/acute-left-abdominal-pain_65c32297-ce9e-41dd-80b5-60fd7160f2a6.md", "title": "Acute Left Abdominal Pain", "docid": "65c32297-ce9e-41dd-80b5-60fd7160f2a6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Colon", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Acute Left Abdominal Pain" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Clinically Based Differentials, Acute Left Abdominal Pain", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Most etiologies are of bowel origin, but consider genitourinary\n - Do ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cavum-velum-interpositum-cvi_849ee468-35c4-46e3-9297-96196109cdb8.md", "title": "Cavum Velum Interpositum (CVI)", "docid": "849ee468-35c4-46e3-9297-96196109cdb8", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Ventricles and Cisterns", "Normal Variants", "Cavum Velum Interpositum (CVI)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Normal Variants, Cavum Velum Interpositum (CVI)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Cavum velum interpositum (CVI), cyst of velum interpositum (VI)\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Triangular CSF spa..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/skull-base-overview_a63a24e0-d077-4a32-a355-2092de4f84f3.md", "title": "Skull Base Overview", "docid": "a63a24e0-d077-4a32-a355-2092de4f84f3", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Skull Base Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Skull Base Overview", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Skull base (SB)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - SB: Complex osseous foundation of cranial vault, separa..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/congenital-vertebral-anomalies_ab73d84c-72ba-4b78-be92-b66bb0a067e4.md", "title": "Congenital Vertebral Anomalies", "docid": "ab73d84c-72ba-4b78-be92-b66bb0a067e4", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Differential Diagnosis", "Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Congenital Vertebral Anomalies" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" }, { "key": "86b8c311-8667-4afd-9b2b-0c2036a02b8a", "value": "Julia Crim, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Anatomically Based Differentials, Congenital Vertebral Anomalies", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Must decide if single or multiple levels involved\n - Abnormalities a..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pituitary-anomalies_09ca9b54-a3d9-43fd-a9cc-4c0212b578a1.md", "title": "Pituitary Anomalies", "docid": "09ca9b54-a3d9-43fd-a9cc-4c0212b578a1", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Congenital", "Pituitary Anomalies" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Congenital, Pituitary Anomalies", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Congenital anomalies of pituitary stalk → potential hypothalamic/pituitary axis malfunction\n- ## Imaging\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/facial-muscles-and-superficial-musculoaponeurotic-system_80a3629d-d41e-4efd-9dac-4f19bbdea9db.md", "title": "Facial Muscles and Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System", "docid": "80a3629d-d41e-4efd-9dac-4f19bbdea9db", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Face", "Facial Muscles and Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Face, Facial Muscles and Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Mimetic muscles/mimic musc..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pituitary-anomalies_7d8a9cfc-1fec-42d1-a833-0ba45e84468b.md", "title": "Pituitary Anomalies", "docid": "7d8a9cfc-1fec-42d1-a833-0ba45e84468b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Congenital", "Pituitary Anomalies" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" }, { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Congenital, Pituitary Anomalies", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Congenital anomalies of pituitary stalk → potential hypothalamic/pituitary axis malfunction\n- ### Imaging..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/functional-network-overview_7b97f239-0f6f-4809-ac44-594cdf4842d5.md", "title": "Functional Network Overview", "docid": "7b97f239-0f6f-4809-ac44-594cdf4842d5", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Functional MRI", "Functional Network Anatomy", "Functional Network Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Functional MRI, Functional Network Anatomy, Functional Network Overview", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Numerous proposed brain network parcellations show similar features, with at least 5 core networks com..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cniii-oculomotor-nerve_ad21daaf-1f28-4f9c-bc74-3d0142c167ab.md", "title": "CNIII (Oculomotor Nerve)", "docid": "ad21daaf-1f28-4f9c-bc74-3d0142c167ab", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Cranial Nerves", "CNIII (Oculomotor Nerve) " ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNIII (Oculomotor Nerve) ", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Oculomotor nerve (CNIII, CN3)\n - Oculomotor nuclear complex (ONC)\n - Extraocular muscle (EOM)\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pons_fc185efd-1f7a-4804-95f6-a49d0fa8aefb.md", "title": "Pons", "docid": "fc185efd-1f7a-4804-95f6-a49d0fa8aefb", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Infratentorial Brain", "Pons" ], "authors": [ { "key": "4d7b64a2-00bd-47b1-9e98-1f3bd129a877", "value": "Giuseppe Barisano, MD" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Infratentorial Brain, Pons", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Cerebellopontine angle (CPA)\n - Cranial nerves (CN): Trigeminal nerve (CNV), abducens nerve (CNVI)..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/thickened-duodenal-folds_6a39152f-af80-41cb-8f83-86dbff0b21e6.md", "title": "Thickened Duodenal Folds", "docid": "6a39152f-af80-41cb-8f83-86dbff0b21e6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Duodenum", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Thickened Duodenal Folds" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Duodenum, Generic Imaging Patterns, Thickened Duodenal Folds", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Barium UGI and CT: Complementary studies\n - Fluoroscopic studies..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/t2-hyperintense-brainstem-focal_86624054-72cb-431c-b77c-0ad8e047747b.md", "title": "T2-Hyperintense Brainstem, Focal", "docid": "86624054-72cb-431c-b77c-0ad8e047747b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "T2-Hyperintense Brainstem, Focal" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Anatomically Based Differentials, T2-Hyperintense Brainstem, Focal", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical history is key to accurate diagnosis\n - Enhancement pattern..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cardiac-mass_fa1f894a-4619-4657-b99b-a967a3e4e871.md", "title": "Cardiac Mass", "docid": "fa1f894a-4619-4657-b99b-a967a3e4e871", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Differential Diagnosis", "Cardiac Mass" ], "authors": [ { "key": "df804626-c042-4296-96e3-836a6da50fd6", "value": "Gregory Kicska, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Differential Diagnosis, Cardiac Mass", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical impact is most affected by determination of possible malignancy\n..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cerebral-hemispheres-overview_7006e397-5012-4027-aff8-e8d7158166ee.md", "title": "Cerebral Hemispheres Overview", "docid": "7006e397-5012-4027-aff8-e8d7158166ee", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Cerebral Hemispheres Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Cerebral Hemispheres Overview", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Gyri: Complex convolutions of brain cortex\n - Sulci (fissure): CSF-filled grooves or clefts that sep..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/hyperplastic-vertebral-marrow_79f936c4-e882-4d98-81d0-51125aaf5b71.md", "title": "Hyperplastic Vertebral Marrow", "docid": "79f936c4-e882-4d98-81d0-51125aaf5b71", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Diagnosis", "Infection and Inflammatory Disorders", "Neoplasms, Cysts, and Other Masses", "Systemic Disorders", "Spinal Manifestations of Systemic Diseases", "Hyperplastic Vertebral Marrow" ], "authors": [ { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" }, { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Diagnosis, Infection and Inflammatory Disorders, Neoplasms, Cysts, and Other Masses, Systemic Disorders, Spinal Manifestations of Systemic Diseases, Hyperplastic Vertebral Marrow", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Physiologic process where fatty marrow is converted to red marrow in response to systemic stress\n- ### Im..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/circle-of-willis_a28a5935-0d92-4f1b-8fec-e67bef9e7bb6.md", "title": "Circle of Willis", "docid": "a28a5935-0d92-4f1b-8fec-e67bef9e7bb6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Intracranial Arteries", "Circle of Willis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b", "value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "afaec833-e997-49c4-8eab-e28310c6c2bf", "value": "Adriene C. Eastaway, MD, MS" }, { "key": "4d7b64a2-00bd-47b1-9e98-1f3bd129a877", "value": "Giuseppe Barisano, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Circle of Willis", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Circulus arteriosus\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Central arterial anastomotic ring of brain\n\n## GROSS ANA..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cerebral-hyperperfusion-syndrome_e66febb9-d79e-4f04-88b1-205ba8a0822f.md", "title": "Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome", "docid": "e66febb9-d79e-4f04-88b1-205ba8a0822f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Stroke", "Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction", "Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction, Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Rare disorder most commonly occurring as complication of cerebral revascularization\n - Other etiol..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/multiple-enhancing-cranial-nerves_51aa5cf6-fd25-48be-af16-7487b880d0e8.md", "title": "Multiple Enhancing Cranial Nerves", "docid": "51aa5cf6-fd25-48be-af16-7487b880d0e8", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Extraaxial Spaces and Subarachnoid Cisterns", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Multiple Enhancing Cranial Nerves" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Extraaxial Spaces and Subarachnoid Cisterns, Generic Imaging Patterns, Multiple Enhancing Cranial Nerves", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Cranial nerve (CN) surrounded by connective tissue sheaths\n - ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/multiple-sclerosis_7892b2a2-f52a-4d7f-9858-a326f2b7ab04.md", "title": "Multiple Sclerosis", "docid": "7892b2a2-f52a-4d7f-9858-a326f2b7ab04", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease", "Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease", "Multiple Sclerosis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, Multiple Sclerosis", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Idiopathic chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of CNS\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Multiple perpendicula..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/ductus-diverticulum_9b1101bc-83a2-445c-aef5-53d633e5bec0.md", "title": "Ductus Diverticulum", "docid": "9b1101bc-83a2-445c-aef5-53d633e5bec0", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Ductus Diverticulum" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a354e6da-2757-40e8-b7ff-5e6fb6413ff6", "value": "Sachin S. Saboo, MD, FRCR, FSCMR" }, { "key": "770e1d77-2287-436e-910b-48232afc7842", "value": "Prabhakar Rajiah, MBBS, MD, FACR, FRCR, FACC, FAHA, FSCCT" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Ductus Diverticulum", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Smooth focal bulge along anteromedial aspect of aortic isthmus at site of obliterated ductus arteriosus\n- #..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/calcified-suprasellar-mass_b61b0b70-de36-45f9-88a2-162a9758b729.md", "title": "Calcified Suprasellar Mass", "docid": "b61b0b70-de36-45f9-88a2-162a9758b729", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Calcified Suprasellar Mass" ], "authors": [ { "key": "e0282a62-994d-4550-a127-1eb773b1e920", "value": "Blair A. Winegar, MD" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Calcified Suprasellar Mass", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Is Ca⁺⁺ curvilinear, punctate, globular, etc.?\n - Does lesion enhance?..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cpa-mass-adult_f3cd22f6-53b9-4392-be23-512d221d2e02.md", "title": "CPA Mass, Adult", "docid": "f3cd22f6-53b9-4392-be23-512d221d2e02", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "CPA Mass, Adult" ], "authors": [ { "key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06", "value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Anatomically Based Differentials, CPA Mass, Adult", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Idealized imaging protocol in evaluating CPA mass lesions\n - T1 ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/esophageal-outpouchings-diverticula_1a008bac-0dfa-4de6-8146-eb658acfe302.md", "title": "Esophageal Outpouchings (Diverticula)", "docid": "1a008bac-0dfa-4de6-8146-eb658acfe302", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Esophagus", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Esophageal Outpouchings (Diverticula)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Generic Imaging Patterns, Esophageal Outpouchings (Diverticula)", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Most diverticula are pulsion and are associated with abnormalities of eso..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/neurodegeneration-with-brain-iron-accumulation-nbia_8e3465d1-d058-48d8-863c-1fd85cc6caee.md", "title": "Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA)", "docid": "8e3465d1-d058-48d8-863c-1fd85cc6caee", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Miscellaneous", "Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Miscellaneous, Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA)", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA)\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Characteristic findings of 1..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pediatric-multiple-sclerosis-brain_f2592b04-f800-4235-9eea-a43f2bf4adfe.md", "title": "Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis, Brain", "docid": "f2592b04-f800-4235-9eea-a43f2bf4adfe", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Pediatric Neuroradiology", "Brain", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease", "Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis, Brain" ], "authors": [ { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis, Brain", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Probable autoimmune-mediated demyelination in which environmental factors act upon genetically susceptible ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/enlarged-vertebral-body-soap-bubble-expansion_e70e63fa-7f03-4881-810f-f1cefcd80658.md", "title": "Enlarged Vertebral Body, Soap Bubble Expansion", "docid": "e70e63fa-7f03-4881-810f-f1cefcd80658", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Differential Diagnosis", "Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements", "Modality-Specific Imaging Findings", "Enlarged Vertebral Body, Soap Bubble Expansion" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" }, { "key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea", "value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Enlarged Vertebral Body, Soap Bubble Expansion", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Zone of transition is helpful to assess aggressiveness\n - Multiplici..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cisterna-magna-mass_047add0c-7e4f-40a0-9933-8d6fa00a24f7.md", "title": "Cisterna Magna Mass", "docid": "047add0c-7e4f-40a0-9933-8d6fa00a24f7", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Cisterna Magna Mass" ], "authors": [ { "key": "d19354f3-7ff2-495a-ad3f-064122e45602", "value": "Bernadette L. Koch, MD" }, { "key": "20008105-51da-4bbf-aba6-e8253b2d9c21", "value": "Daniel E. Meltzer, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Anatomically Based Differentials, Cisterna Magna Mass", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Cisterna magna (CM) between medulla (anterior), occiput (posterior) (a.k...." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/colloid-cyst_1dd74fcf-b879-406b-a848-3ac31c95ae5f.md", "title": "Colloid Cyst", "docid": "1dd74fcf-b879-406b-a848-3ac31c95ae5f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Primary Nonneoplastic Cysts", "Colloid Cyst" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Primary Nonneoplastic Cysts, Colloid Cyst", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Unilocular, mucin-containing 3rd ventricular cyst\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - > 99% are wedged into foramen of..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/demyelinating-diseases_e3ba880e-d924-4594-a6f4-c21c5f1f0ae7.md", "title": "Demyelinating Diseases", "docid": "e3ba880e-d924-4594-a6f4-c21c5f1f0ae7", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Brain", "Metabolic, Infectious, and Inflammatory Disorders", "Demyelinating Diseases" ], "authors": [ { "key": "838e1722-2479-4fbd-a5fe-d965980a1a2c", "value": "Blaise V. Jones, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Brain, Metabolic, Infectious, and Inflammatory Disorders, Demyelinating Diseases", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Diagnostic Checklist\n \n \n - Multiple sclerosis (MS)\n - Demyelinating disease characterized by multiple lesions dissem..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/temporal-bone-facial-nerve-schwannoma_cf2bcc82-4a1b-4989-adeb-f4e82116111b.md", "title": "Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Schwannoma", "docid": "cf2bcc82-4a1b-4989-adeb-f4e82116111b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Diagnosis", "Temporal Bone", "Intratemporal Facial Nerve", "Benign and Malignant Tumors", "Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Schwannoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06", "value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD" }, { "key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915", "value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Temporal Bone, Intratemporal Facial Nerve, Benign and Malignant Tumors, Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Schwannoma", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Facial nerve schwannoma (FNS): Rare benign tumor of Schwann cells that invests intratemporal facial nerve (..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/subependymoma_b899ded1-d2f2-4dc4-9812-48d3fb194117.md", "title": "Subependymoma", "docid": "b899ded1-d2f2-4dc4-9812-48d3fb194117", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Neoplasms", "Gliomas, Glioneuronal Tumors, and Neuronal Tumors", "Ependymal tumors", "Subependymoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Neoplasms, Gliomas, Glioneuronal Tumors, and Neuronal Tumors, Ependymal tumors, Subependymoma", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Rare, benign, well-differentiated, intraventricular ependymal tumor, typically attached to ventricular wall..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cerebellar-overview_b624e76f-15b9-4c1f-910e-8f5581ac2cfe.md", "title": "Cerebellar Overview", "docid": "b624e76f-15b9-4c1f-910e-8f5581ac2cfe", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Infratentorial Brain", "Cerebellar Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea", "value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Infratentorial Brain, Cerebellar Overview", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Cerebellum is composed of cortical gray matter surrounding subcortical white matter\n - Primary fiss..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/dementia-with-lewy-bodies_e8e46d1d-46d2-4e5a-880f-f025a84c5871.md", "title": "Dementia With Lewy Bodies", "docid": "e8e46d1d-46d2-4e5a-880f-f025a84c5871", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Dementias and Degenerative Disorders", "Dementia With Lewy Bodies" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Dementia With Lewy Bodies", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Progressive neurodegenerative dementia\n - Parkinsonism, visual hallucinations prominent\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/vestibulocochlear-nerve-cnviii_498e844d-faca-4c6a-bff1-9c6ad4993e62.md", "title": "Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CNVIII)", "docid": "498e844d-faca-4c6a-bff1-9c6ad4993e62", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CNVIII)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" }, { "key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809", "value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CNVIII)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 8th cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/acute-right-lower-quadrant-pain_0cf67a29-c8c8-4ffc-83d6-99f0ee0b8dd8.md", "title": "Acute Right Lower Quadrant Pain", "docid": "0cf67a29-c8c8-4ffc-83d6-99f0ee0b8dd8", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Colon", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Acute Right Lower Quadrant Pain" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Clinically Based Differentials, Acute Right Lower Quadrant Pain", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Young men: Appendicitis, mesenteric enteritis/adenitis, epiploic appendag..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/epidermoid-cyst_704c5ddf-e1f7-4a5d-a1b8-5b0e603170d9.md", "title": "Epidermoid Cyst", "docid": "704c5ddf-e1f7-4a5d-a1b8-5b0e603170d9", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Primary Nonneoplastic Cysts", "Epidermoid Cyst" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Primary Nonneoplastic Cysts, Epidermoid Cyst", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Intracranial epidermoids (\"pearly\" tumor)\n - Congenital ectodermal inclusion cysts, not true neopl..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/anterior-skull-base_8560e63f-c92b-4fe1-99f3-2006f1a66c32.md", "title": "Anterior Skull Base", "docid": "8560e63f-c92b-4fe1-99f3-2006f1a66c32", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Anterior Skull Base" ], "authors": [ { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Anterior Skull Base", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Anterior skull base (ASB): Skull base anterior to lesser wing of sphenoid (LWS) and planum sphenoidale\n..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/arteriolosclerosis_07e561a5-0554-4867-b811-448c36890ee3.md", "title": "Arteriolosclerosis", "docid": "07e561a5-0554-4867-b811-448c36890ee3", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Stroke", "Atherosclerosis and Carotid Stenosis", "Arteriolosclerosis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "2bca6b86-1eca-4e93-b997-4e18913686a7", "value": "Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Atherosclerosis and Carotid Stenosis, Arteriolosclerosis", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Sclerosis of small-sized arteries (arterioles)\n - Common with chronic hypertension (HTN) &/or di..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pilomyxoid-astrocytoma_7208af53-1e09-411a-951d-1ea7bd40be53.md", "title": "Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma", "docid": "7208af53-1e09-411a-951d-1ea7bd40be53", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Pediatric Neuroradiology", "Brain", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Neoplasms", "Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Neoplasms, Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA): More aggressive, myxoid variant of pilocytic astrocytoma (PA)\n - Hig..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/dilated-aorta_9daee273-f1e9-4cf9-a979-8990a9b82e40.md", "title": "Dilated Aorta", "docid": "9daee273-f1e9-4cf9-a979-8990a9b82e40", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Differential Diagnosis", "Dilated Aorta" ], "authors": [ { "key": "df804626-c042-4296-96e3-836a6da50fd6", "value": "Gregory Kicska, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Differential Diagnosis, Dilated Aorta", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Pathology indicated by outer diameter measurements\n - Measuremen..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/periventricular-enhancing-lesions_0edb9603-ea97-4f3b-be82-21d53c42be32.md", "title": "Periventricular Enhancing Lesions", "docid": "0edb9603-ea97-4f3b-be82-21d53c42be32", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Ventricles, Periventricular Regions", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Periventricular Enhancing Lesions" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "30ce27b2-237f-4aff-a88f-65ead356335b", "value": "Marinos Kontzialis, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Ventricles, Periventricular Regions, Generic Imaging Patterns, Periventricular Enhancing Lesions", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - DWI MR may help differentiate various etiologies\n- ## Helpful Clues for C..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/vasospasm_341f9578-93fe-465b-93b8-71b878e06433.md", "title": "Vasospasm", "docid": "341f9578-93fe-465b-93b8-71b878e06433", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Stroke", "Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy", "Vasospasm" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy, Vasospasm", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Reversible stenosis of intracranial arteries\n - Caused by exposure to blood breakdown products\n- ## Imag..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/memory-overview_40e2e25f-421b-4653-94e3-641b09b47e4d.md", "title": "Memory Overview", "docid": "40e2e25f-421b-4653-94e3-641b09b47e4d", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Brain Network Anatomy", "Memory Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Memory Overview", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Procedural memory: Long-term memory that does not require conscious recollection such as motor skills, ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/default-mode-network_a29f7551-d39d-4deb-933e-b8d2816168c3.md", "title": "Default Mode Network", "docid": "a29f7551-d39d-4deb-933e-b8d2816168c3", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Functional MRI", "Functional Network Anatomy", "Default Mode Network" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Functional MRI, Functional Network Anatomy, Default Mode Network", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Set of brain regions activated during stimulus-independent thought\n - Includes 3 subnetworks: Dorsa..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/attention-control-network_a1bedda5-6478-40b2-98e7-6c5f5363b06f.md", "title": "Attention Control Network", "docid": "a1bedda5-6478-40b2-98e7-6c5f5363b06f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Brain Network Anatomy", "Attention Control Network" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Attention Control Network", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n# IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ## Overview\n \n \n - Attention control network is a constellation of distributed brain networks processing attention to exter..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/brainstem-overview_bf889ffb-646b-429d-8699-d9bd34e8e193.md", "title": "Brainstem Overview", "docid": "bf889ffb-646b-429d-8699-d9bd34e8e193", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Infratentorial Brain", "Brainstem Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea", "value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Infratentorial Brain, Brainstem Overview", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Main components\n - Cranial nerve nuclei\n - Long tracts\n - Cerebellar connec..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/irregular-lateral-ventricles_f42ce651-9877-480b-90d8-665be656b33f.md", "title": "Irregular Lateral Ventricles", "docid": "f42ce651-9877-480b-90d8-665be656b33f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Ventricles, Periventricular Regions", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Irregular Lateral Ventricles" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "30ce27b2-237f-4aff-a88f-65ead356335b", "value": "Marinos Kontzialis, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Ventricles, Periventricular Regions, Generic Imaging Patterns, Irregular Lateral Ventricles", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Irregular ventricles may be result of obstruction, chronic volume loss, &..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/lewy-body-dementia_f6a4382b-f0f7-4582-a703-7f695c65656f.md", "title": "Lewy Body Dementia", "docid": "f6a4382b-f0f7-4582-a703-7f695c65656f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Nuclear Medicine", "Central Nervous System", "Neurodegeneration", "Lewy Body Dementia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1f262abe-db83-4f18-99af-00bd3045cd4d", "value": "Marc Benayoun, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "9d40c5b1-57d2-442c-9daf-8d8d9d53e24b", "value": "Akiva Mintz, MD, PhD, MHA, CFA" }, { "key": "bbc899b6-2885-44bb-a5b0-24eec7314d33", "value": "Bryan J. Neth, BS" } ], "pageKeywords": "Nuclear Medicine, Central Nervous System, Neurodegeneration, Lewy Body Dementia", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by parkinsonism, visual hallucinations, fluctuations in..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/lymphangioma-mesenteric-cyst_bb42a128-c819-4368-a085-232b6db3434c.md", "title": "Lymphangioma (Mesenteric Cyst)", "docid": "bb42a128-c819-4368-a085-232b6db3434c", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Diagnosis", "Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall", "Benign Neoplasms", "Lymphangioma (Mesenteric Cyst)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Diagnosis, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall, Benign Neoplasms, Lymphangioma (Mesenteric Cyst)", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Generic descriptive term for variety of different benign, congenital, cystic masses that can arise in mesen..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/other-deep-gray-nuclei_aba59a23-3d05-4ef5-a004-fc928a7c40d6.md", "title": "Other Deep Gray Nuclei", "docid": "aba59a23-3d05-4ef5-a004-fc928a7c40d6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Other Deep Gray Nuclei" ], "authors": [ { "key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea", "value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Other Deep Gray Nuclei", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Red nucleus (RN)\n - Caudoventral magnocellular part (mcRN) and rostrodorsal parvocellular par..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/craniovertebral-junction-soft-tissue-abnormality_3a8dca6c-3452-4cbb-ab83-5e9610d3f0f0.md", "title": "Craniovertebral Junction Soft Tissue Abnormality", "docid": "3a8dca6c-3452-4cbb-ab83-5e9610d3f0f0", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Differential Diagnosis", "Craniovertebral Junction", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Craniovertebral Junction Soft Tissue Abnormality" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Craniovertebral Junction, Anatomically Based Differentials, Craniovertebral Junction Soft Tissue Abnormality", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Do intralesion calcifications represent arc-whorl intralesional calcifica..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/thick-infundibular-stalk_98b49a22-13ba-4173-aa24-695a146107da.md", "title": "Thick Infundibular Stalk", "docid": "98b49a22-13ba-4173-aa24-695a146107da", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Thick Infundibular Stalk" ], "authors": [ { "key": "318f80ab-6abb-4067-a809-2ebdaa5a30c9", "value": "Kalen Riley, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a", "value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Thick Infundibular Stalk", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Appearance of normal stalk\n - Tapers from top (at tuber cinereum..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-als_23de52b7-d9bd-441c-a18c-95c8afccb470.md", "title": "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)", "docid": "23de52b7-d9bd-441c-a18c-95c8afccb470", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Dementias and Degenerative Disorders", "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)\n - Selective degeneration of somatic motor neurons of brainstem/spin..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/abusive-head-trauma_c57982e3-fa8f-4fd6-9184-04fd1d37a906.md", "title": "Abusive Head Trauma", "docid": "c57982e3-fa8f-4fd6-9184-04fd1d37a906", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Pediatric Neuroradiology", "Brain", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Trauma", "Abusive Head Trauma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Trauma, Abusive Head Trauma", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Abusive head trauma (AHT)\n - Traumatic injury inflicted on infants & children by adults\n- ## Imaging\n \n..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/vertebral-body-t1-hyperintense-signal-focal_42d3f6b0-71b6-4f3c-8b1f-8688269148d6.md", "title": "Vertebral Body, T1-Hyperintense Signal, Focal", "docid": "42d3f6b0-71b6-4f3c-8b1f-8688269148d6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Differential Diagnosis", "Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements", "Modality-Specific Imaging Findings", "Vertebral Body, T1-Hyperintense Signal, Focal" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" }, { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Vertebral Body, T1-Hyperintense Signal, Focal", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Use fat saturation &/or STIR MR to distinguish fat from other etiologie..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/sellar-juxtasellar-calcification_abd4d403-1196-4957-a168-e0c5507b1008.md", "title": "Sellar/Juxtasellar Calcification", "docid": "abd4d403-1196-4957-a168-e0c5507b1008", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Sellar/Juxtasellar Calcification" ], "authors": [ { "key": "e0282a62-994d-4550-a127-1eb773b1e920", "value": "Blair A. Winegar, MD" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Sellar/Juxtasellar Calcification", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Is patient asymptomatic?\n - Is calcification physiologic or pathologic..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/colonic-ileus-or-dilation_85d23777-3d1b-4f53-8733-e2553061469b.md", "title": "Colonic Ileus or Dilation", "docid": "85d23777-3d1b-4f53-8733-e2553061469b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Colon", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Colonic Ileus or Dilation" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Colonic Ileus or Dilation", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Do not assume colonic dilation is ileus without considering rectal or dis..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/vertebral-body-t1-hypointense-signal-diffuse_5f4ceb8f-867f-4b4d-8149-57a906489453.md", "title": "Vertebral Body, T1-Hypointense Signal, Diffuse", "docid": "5f4ceb8f-867f-4b4d-8149-57a906489453", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Differential Diagnosis", "Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements", "Modality-Specific Imaging Findings", "Vertebral Body, T1-Hypointense Signal, Diffuse" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" }, { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Vertebral Body, T1-Hypointense Signal, Diffuse", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Determine whether there is diffusely abnormal, hypointense vertebral ma..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/penetrating-atherosclerotic-ulcer_63f6cba2-2200-456a-8d03-ac3111e420c8.md", "title": "Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer", "docid": "63f6cba2-2200-456a-8d03-ac3111e420c8", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer" ], "authors": [ { "key": "9ad9af12-61a1-44d6-af52-0ee1f38eb298", "value": "Davis Vigneault, MD, DPhil" }, { "key": "5de0df07-7b3e-4678-8767-1519e1153f29", "value": "Dominik Fleischmann, MD" }, { "key": "10bb95ac-a27a-4ebe-833b-e59fea07734b", "value": "Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Ulceration of atherosclerotic plaque that penetrates internal elastic lamina into media with variable amoun..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/large-brainstem_888e533f-b2e1-4a61-b45e-f042ff0ecce5.md", "title": "Large Brainstem", "docid": "888e533f-b2e1-4a61-b45e-f042ff0ecce5", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Large Brainstem" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Anatomically Based Differentials, Large Brainstem", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Brainstem Glioma**\n - WHO 2021 terminology: Diffuse midline..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cystic-appearing-posterior-fossa-lesion_384912cc-94d4-4d58-89bb-f378acf18b4d.md", "title": "Cystic-Appearing Posterior Fossa Lesion", "docid": "384912cc-94d4-4d58-89bb-f378acf18b4d", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Cystic-Appearing Posterior Fossa Lesion" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Generic Imaging Patterns, Cystic-Appearing Posterior Fossa Lesion", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical features to consider\n - Common signs & symptoms: Macr..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/mycotic-aneurysm_20616d0a-7e0b-48d9-9be9-1af29e3dd6da.md", "title": "Mycotic Aneurysm", "docid": "20616d0a-7e0b-48d9-9be9-1af29e3dd6da", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Mycotic Aneurysm" ], "authors": [ { "key": "ee6ece9d-ad74-458c-a8df-11628ae7f879", "value": "Arzu Canan, MD" }, { "key": "3d1e4c57-c1cf-4c89-b0f0-5d82b29a31e1", "value": "Suhny Abbara, MD, FACR, MSCCT, FNASCI" }, { "key": "501b57b9-1723-4b1e-b21e-d4516655fac8", "value": "Sanjeeva P. Kalva, MD, FSIR, FCIRSE" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Mycotic Aneurysm", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Aneurysm arising from infection of arterial wall, usually bacterial\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Rapidly growin..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/childhood-stroke_ac8a5544-dee5-4712-ad19-7c649e8af035.md", "title": "Childhood Stroke", "docid": "ac8a5544-dee5-4712-ad19-7c649e8af035", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Pediatric Neuroradiology", "Brain", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Stroke", "Childhood Stroke" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Childhood Stroke", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Acute neurologic dysfunction due to loss of vascular integrity\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - NECT: ↓ attenuation..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/superior-parietal-cortex-areas-5-7_8ef3ce14-bb79-4476-8e98-93674261dc1f.md", "title": "Superior Parietal Cortex (Areas 5, 7)", "docid": "8ef3ce14-bb79-4476-8e98-93674261dc1f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Superior Parietal Cortex (Areas 5, 7)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Superior Parietal Cortex (Areas 5, 7)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Medial wall of intraparietal sulcus\n - Superior parietal lobule\n - Precuneus\n - Poste..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/parkinsonian-syndromes_2b99b31a-ec1a-4dce-bb63-2a101fe9f044.md", "title": "Parkinsonian Syndromes", "docid": "2b99b31a-ec1a-4dce-bb63-2a101fe9f044", "breadcrumbs": [ "Nuclear Medicine", "Central Nervous System", "Neurodegeneration", "Parkinsonian Syndromes" ], "authors": [ { "key": "9d40c5b1-57d2-442c-9daf-8d8d9d53e24b", "value": "Akiva Mintz, MD, PhD, MHA, CFA" }, { "key": "cfdbf358-617e-410b-994f-8b48b03fdb8c", "value": "Jongho Kim, MD, PhD, FACNM" }, { "key": "1f262abe-db83-4f18-99af-00bd3045cd4d", "value": "Marc Benayoun, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Nuclear Medicine, Central Nervous System, Neurodegeneration, Parkinsonian Syndromes", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Chronic, progressive brain disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons that leads to tremors at ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/language-overview_40f2ed79-0d31-4943-aaa2-7c3244a7e87b.md", "title": "Language Overview", "docid": "40f2ed79-0d31-4943-aaa2-7c3244a7e87b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Brain Network Anatomy", "Language Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Language Overview", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Receptive language: Perception of spoken or written language\n - Expressive language: Generating word..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/normal-aging-brain_7a76b1cd-006d-4bb5-9528-8634be8c88d6.md", "title": "Normal Aging Brain", "docid": "7a76b1cd-006d-4bb5-9528-8634be8c88d6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Dementias and Degenerative Disorders", "Normal Aging Brain" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Normal Aging Brain", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - ↓ overall brain volume with advancing age\n - Reflected in relative ↑ CSF spaces\n- ### Imaging\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/giant-cell-arteritis_208eca17-81b8-448c-b8be-80e274dccc42.md", "title": "Giant Cell Arteritis", "docid": "208eca17-81b8-448c-b8be-80e274dccc42", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Giant Cell Arteritis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "ee6ece9d-ad74-458c-a8df-11628ae7f879", "value": "Arzu Canan, MD" }, { "key": "3d1e4c57-c1cf-4c89-b0f0-5d82b29a31e1", "value": "Suhny Abbara, MD, FACR, MSCCT, FNASCI" }, { "key": "10bb95ac-a27a-4ebe-833b-e59fea07734b", "value": "Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Giant Cell Arteritis", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Chronic, systemic, large or medium-sized, often granulomatous vasculitis\n - Often involves thoraci..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/anterior-cerebral-artery_1da0f3ae-7858-4ad7-bc22-ea2a245a4214.md", "title": "Anterior Cerebral Artery", "docid": "1da0f3ae-7858-4ad7-bc22-ea2a245a4214", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Intracranial Arteries", "Anterior Cerebral Artery" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Anterior Cerebral Artery", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)\n\n## GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Smaller, more medial ter..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pkan_aa473236-a733-4f9b-8d92-267ab8d4bcd9.md", "title": "PKAN", "docid": "aa473236-a733-4f9b-8d92-267ab8d4bcd9", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Miscellaneous", "PKAN" ], "authors": [ { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" }, { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Miscellaneous, PKAN", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN)\n - Pantothenate kinase 2 (*PANK2*) mutatio..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/olfactory-nerve-cni_c4a6920b-a112-4a51-921f-60d2f0a479ef.md", "title": "Olfactory Nerve (CNI)", "docid": "c4a6920b-a112-4a51-921f-60d2f0a479ef", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Olfactory Nerve (CNI)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3", "value": "Aparna Singhal, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Olfactory Nerve (CNI)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Olfactory nerve (CNI)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 1st cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CNI:..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/superficial-cerebral-veins_af5cea88-c034-40fd-ac92-5a2794341ed0.md", "title": "Superficial Cerebral Veins", "docid": "af5cea88-c034-40fd-ac92-5a2794341ed0", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Veins and Venous Sinuses", "Superficial Cerebral Veins" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b", "value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "afaec833-e997-49c4-8eab-e28310c6c2bf", "value": "Adriene C. Eastaway, MD, MS" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Veins and Venous Sinuses, Superficial Cerebral Veins", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV)\n - Deep middle cerebral vein (DMCV)\n - Vein of Trolard ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/childhood-stroke_12f14b63-8dd0-4523-afe1-6fda2331e6bf.md", "title": "Childhood Stroke", "docid": "12f14b63-8dd0-4523-afe1-6fda2331e6bf", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Stroke", "Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction", "Childhood Stroke" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" }, { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction, Childhood Stroke", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Acute neurologic dysfunction due to loss of vascular integrity\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - NECT: ↓ attenuation..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/seizure_a09dca6c-f7f3-4a33-8749-a362668690b4.md", "title": "Seizure", "docid": "a09dca6c-f7f3-4a33-8749-a362668690b4", "breadcrumbs": [ "Nuclear Medicine", "Central Nervous System", "Brain Perfusion", "Seizure" ], "authors": [ { "key": "d2ed5cde-67ab-491a-963b-3c0f245d1fd8", "value": "Karol Cardenas, MD" }, { "key": "1f262abe-db83-4f18-99af-00bd3045cd4d", "value": "Marc Benayoun, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Nuclear Medicine, Central Nervous System, Brain Perfusion, Seizure", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - CT/MR done in acute seizures to rule out structural lesion\n - Nuclear medicine not used in primary diagnosis..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/multiinfarct-dementia_3823c4d4-5e98-46da-a717-892fef54b382.md", "title": "Multiinfarct Dementia", "docid": "3823c4d4-5e98-46da-a717-892fef54b382", "breadcrumbs": [ "Nuclear Medicine", "Central Nervous System", "Neurodegeneration", "Multiinfarct Dementia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "9d40c5b1-57d2-442c-9daf-8d8d9d53e24b", "value": "Akiva Mintz, MD, PhD, MHA, CFA" }, { "key": "bbc899b6-2885-44bb-a5b0-24eec7314d33", "value": "Bryan J. Neth, BS" }, { "key": "1f262abe-db83-4f18-99af-00bd3045cd4d", "value": "Marc Benayoun, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Nuclear Medicine, Central Nervous System, Neurodegeneration, Multiinfarct Dementia", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Impairments in cognition and behavior affecting functional status due to pathologic changes resulting from ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/abdominal-wall_e708af38-508f-4404-b7c5-6b8c7d75804f.md", "title": "Abdominal Wall", "docid": "e708af38-508f-4404-b7c5-6b8c7d75804f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Ultrasound", "Anatomy", "Abdomen", "Abdominal Wall" ], "authors": [ { "key": "390c5f66-1ba7-429e-a1d6-23fd9c95b869", "value": "Tara A. Morgan, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Ultrasound, Anatomy, Abdomen, Abdominal Wall", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n# TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ## Definitions\n \n \n - Abdomen is region between diaphragm and pelvis\n\n# GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ## Anatomic Boundaries\n \n \n - Ant..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/medulla_af35849e-97fd-4b24-a6bd-482be5afb2dd.md", "title": "Medulla", "docid": "af35849e-97fd-4b24-a6bd-482be5afb2dd", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Infratentorial Brain", "Medulla" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Infratentorial Brain, Medulla", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Cranial nerves (CN)\n - Trigeminal nerve (CNV)\n - Vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII)\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/abnormal-shape-configuration-of-corpus-callosum_238ca32d-6bc6-4f5a-81b1-6601dd605856.md", "title": "Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum", "docid": "238ca32d-6bc6-4f5a-81b1-6601dd605856", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Differential Diagnosis", "Brain", "Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Differential Diagnosis, Brain, Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical features to consider\n - Normal corpus callosum (CC) var..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/rathke-cleft-cyst_a5a3a735-ad86-4fd2-bcb8-2181c48ba3da.md", "title": "Rathke Cleft Cyst", "docid": "a5a3a735-ad86-4fd2-bcb8-2181c48ba3da", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Congenital", "Rathke Cleft Cyst" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Congenital, Rathke Cleft Cyst", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Nonneoplastic cyst arising from remnants of embryonic Rathke cleft\n - Benign, sellar region endodermal..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum-disorders_54d4a8bc-9267-4df6-98c1-f22aae051d01.md", "title": "Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders", "docid": "54d4a8bc-9267-4df6-98c1-f22aae051d01", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease", "Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease", "Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs)\n - MOG antibody-associated disease (MOG-AAD)\n - Auto..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/ostiomeatal-unit_81ab5811-7980-498e-b527-2b3520b6bab2.md", "title": "Ostiomeatal Unit", "docid": "81ab5811-7980-498e-b527-2b3520b6bab2", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Nose and Sinuses", "Ostiomeatal Unit" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Nose and Sinuses, Ostiomeatal Unit", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Ostiomeatal unit (OMU); ostiomeatal complex (OMC); uncinate process (UP); hiatus semilunaris (HS)\n- #..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pheochromocytoma_1bfc887d-4686-445b-a0d2-f3b380a0da3a.md", "title": "Pheochromocytoma", "docid": "1bfc887d-4686-445b-a0d2-f3b380a0da3a", "breadcrumbs": [ "Ultrasound", "Diagnosis", "Adrenal Gland", "Pheochromocytoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "7e25292c-4d6a-4f35-98b2-1877e5989352", "value": "Ashish P. Wasnik, MD, FSAR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Ultrasound, Diagnosis, Adrenal Gland, Pheochromocytoma", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Rare catecholamine-secreting tumor arising from chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla\n - Termed **paragang..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/primary-auditory-and-auditory-association-cortex-areas-41-42_1689b518-6d26-462e-bef1-0a89ac45b7c4.md", "title": "Primary Auditory and Auditory Association Cortex (Areas 41, 42)", "docid": "1689b518-6d26-462e-bef1-0a89ac45b7c4", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Primary Auditory and Auditory Association Cortex (Areas 41, 42)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Primary Auditory and Auditory Association Cortex (Areas 41, 42)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Transverse temporal gyrus of Heschl: Primary auditory cortex (area 41)\n - Located in ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/trochlear-nerve-cniv_cc69e654-b9cd-465b-8437-fba44f3c034b.md", "title": "Trochlear Nerve (CNIV)", "docid": "cc69e654-b9cd-465b-8437-fba44f3c034b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Trochlear Nerve (CNIV)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" }, { "key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809", "value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Trochlear Nerve (CNIV)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Trochlear nerve (CNIV)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 4th cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CNI..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd_e1b27954-6591-4bb0-a659-b13790492620.md", "title": "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)", "docid": "e1b27954-6591-4bb0-a659-b13790492620", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Dementias and Degenerative Disorders", "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD): Rapidly progressing, fatal, potentially transmissible dementia caused by p..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cavum-septi-pellucidi-csp_02127bd4-1efa-4056-925e-f1a1bbadf154.md", "title": "Cavum Septi Pellucidi (CSP)", "docid": "02127bd4-1efa-4056-925e-f1a1bbadf154", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Ventricles and Cisterns", "Normal Variants", "Cavum Septi Pellucidi (CSP)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Normal Variants, Cavum Septi Pellucidi (CSP)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Cystic CSF cavity of septum pellucidum (SP)\n - Occurs ± cavum vergae (CV)\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n -..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/acute-hypertensive-encephalopathy-pres_890c1bd4-c108-49a1-8557-c8c701a7f278.md", "title": "Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES", "docid": "890c1bd4-c108-49a1-8557-c8c701a7f278", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations", "Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Cerebrovascular autoregulatory disorder\n - Many etiologies with HTN as common component\n - Pree..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/gyral-sulcal-anatomy_849da2a0-4a32-4a07-8f00-c69291e59434.md", "title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "docid": "849da2a0-4a32-4a07-8f00-c69291e59434", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy" ], "authors": [ { "key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea", "value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Title", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Lobes\n \n \n - Frontal lobe\n - Extends to central sulcus\n - Separated inferiorly & laterally from temp..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/functional-network-overview_ef0be4c8-3d36-4ca9-b4c5-f22f66d2b367.md", "title": "Functional Network Overview", "docid": "ef0be4c8-3d36-4ca9-b4c5-f22f66d2b367", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Brain Network Anatomy", "Functional Network Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Functional Network Overview", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Numerous proposed brain network parcellations show similar features with at least 5 core networks comm..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/fusiform-arterial-enlargement_31d50b93-b057-4da3-86b5-4cc8fb0bc806.md", "title": "Fusiform Arterial Enlargement", "docid": "31d50b93-b057-4da3-86b5-4cc8fb0bc806", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Arteries", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Fusiform Arterial Enlargement" ], "authors": [ { "key": "2bca6b86-1eca-4e93-b997-4e18913686a7", "value": "Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS" }, { "key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a", "value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Arteries, Anatomically Based Differentials, Fusiform Arterial Enlargement", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Ectasia = elongated/tortuous artery\n - Fusiform aneurysm\n - L..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/otosclerosis_ddc7b884-3c17-4834-9e96-d985c6b618a9.md", "title": "Otosclerosis", "docid": "ddc7b884-3c17-4834-9e96-d985c6b618a9", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Diagnosis", "Temporal Bone", "Inner Ear", "Infectious and Inflammatory Lesions", "Otosclerosis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06", "value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD" }, { "key": "4b6589b0-9b8d-4467-8a90-01a0a59742fc", "value": "Troy A. Hutchins, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Temporal Bone, Inner Ear, Infectious and Inflammatory Lesions, Otosclerosis", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Synonym:**Otospongiosis**\n - Types: Fenestral otosclerosis (FOto), cochlear otosclerosis (COto)\n - Pa..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/meckel-cave-lesion_bca301d4-7e23-442d-8469-e561693e19f4.md", "title": "Meckel Cave Lesion", "docid": "bca301d4-7e23-442d-8469-e561693e19f4", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Veins, Venous Sinuses", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Meckel Cave Lesion" ], "authors": [ { "key": "318f80ab-6abb-4067-a809-2ebdaa5a30c9", "value": "Kalen Riley, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Veins, Venous Sinuses, Anatomically Based Differentials, Meckel Cave Lesion", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - **Normal Meckel cave** **(MC)**\n - **Anatomy**\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/adrenal-cyst_c5d717a3-3d6e-4e86-9efe-1ad0ec14740f.md", "title": "Adrenal Cyst", "docid": "c5d717a3-3d6e-4e86-9efe-1ad0ec14740f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Genitourinary", "Diagnosis", "Adrenal", "Benign Neoplasms", "Adrenal Cyst" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c3463c5c-31d3-4489-bbfe-6b895abdb86d", "value": "Mitchell Tublin, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Genitourinary, Diagnosis, Adrenal, Benign Neoplasms, Adrenal Cyst", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - \"Adrenal cyst\" is descriptive term, not pathological diagnosis\n - True adrenal cysts \n - Majority a..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/white-matter-injury-of-prematurity_e6bd62ad-be89-4b4b-81ce-550584a44454.md", "title": "White Matter Injury of Prematurity", "docid": "e6bd62ad-be89-4b4b-81ce-550584a44454", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Stroke", "Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction", "White Matter Injury of Prematurity " ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction, White Matter Injury of Prematurity ", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - White matter (WM)\n - Brain injury occurring before 37-weeks gestation, resulting in loss of periventri..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/umbilical-hernia_ff51faeb-9832-4e87-a6cc-ca45673d754f.md", "title": "Umbilical Hernia", "docid": "ff51faeb-9832-4e87-a6cc-ca45673d754f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Diagnosis", "Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall", "External Hernias", "Umbilical Hernia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Diagnosis, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall, External Hernias, Umbilical Hernia", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Protrusion of abdominal contents (omental fat ± bowel) into or through anterior abdominal wall via umbilica..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/dilatation-of-thoracic-aorta_3b177a9c-04f3-4d15-9d18-decc5c236e7e.md", "title": "Dilatation of Thoracic Aorta", "docid": "3b177a9c-04f3-4d15-9d18-decc5c236e7e", "breadcrumbs": [ "Chest", "Differential Diagnosis", "Thoracic Aorta", "General Imaging Patterns", "Dilatation of Thoracic Aorta" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c4c34d93-63f8-4d7e-93b2-9a7232b87ec6", "value": "John P. Lichtenberger, III, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Chest, Differential Diagnosis, Thoracic Aorta, General Imaging Patterns, Dilatation of Thoracic Aorta", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Ascending aorta dilated ≥ 4.0 cm, aneurysmal ≥ 5.0 cm\n - Descending th..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/intracranial-hypotension_818a7972-1032-4d3e-a65a-97c494334aac.md", "title": "Intracranial Hypotension", "docid": "818a7972-1032-4d3e-a65a-97c494334aac", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Ventricles and Cisterns", "CSF Disorders", "Intracranial Hypotension" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, CSF Disorders, Intracranial Hypotension", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Headache caused by ↓ intracranial CSF pressure\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Classic imaging quintet\n -..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/hydrocephalus_e9481739-278e-4682-ab1e-4326a77c3d0c.md", "title": "Hydrocephalus", "docid": "e9481739-278e-4682-ab1e-4326a77c3d0c", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Pediatric Neuroradiology", "Brain", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Ventricles and Cisterns", "Hydrocephalus" ], "authors": [ { "key": "838e1722-2479-4fbd-a5fe-d965980a1a2c", "value": "Blaise V. Jones, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Hydrocephalus", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Ventriculomegaly caused by\n - Obstruction of CSF egress from ventricles: Intraventricular obstruct..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/hemangioma_afbe85a1-bf9d-443f-bcf5-b40793427ec1.md", "title": "Hemangioma", "docid": "afbe85a1-bf9d-443f-bcf5-b40793427ec1", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Diagnosis", "Infection and Inflammatory Disorders", "Neoplasms, Cysts, and Other Masses", "Neoplasms", "Extradural", "Hemangioma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Diagnosis, Infection and Inflammatory Disorders, Neoplasms, Cysts, and Other Masses, Neoplasms, Extradural, Hemangioma", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Common benign venous malformation within vertebrae\n - Usually intraosseous, may have epidural componen..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/stroke-therapy_eecb2d0f-ef14-44df-be8e-137567226412.md", "title": "Stroke Therapy", "docid": "eecb2d0f-ef14-44df-be8e-137567226412", "breadcrumbs": [ "Interventional Radiology", "Procedures", "Arterial Procedures", "Cranial Revascularization", "Stroke Therapy" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bccfc1a3-a6b8-4707-b2bf-589d9650f769", "value": "Jared Halpin, MD" }, { "key": "8fe1db5b-d23b-459d-9ab0-0cba2c16a0ac", "value": "Coleman O. Martin, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Interventional Radiology, Procedures, Arterial Procedures, Cranial Revascularization, Stroke Therapy", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - **Stroke**: Rapidly developing loss of brain function(s) due to disturbance in blood supply to brain\n - ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pericardial-mass_39979947-4afb-4370-86ed-6b6d196bca78.md", "title": "Pericardial Mass", "docid": "39979947-4afb-4370-86ed-6b6d196bca78", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Differential Diagnosis", "Pericardial Mass" ], "authors": [ { "key": "df804626-c042-4296-96e3-836a6da50fd6", "value": "Gregory Kicska, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Differential Diagnosis, Pericardial Mass", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Diagnostic evaluation should focus on distinction between neoplastic and ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/toxic-megacolon_5e7a0d4d-15b1-4a69-b530-b9fc220d5574.md", "title": "Toxic Megacolon", "docid": "5e7a0d4d-15b1-4a69-b530-b9fc220d5574", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Colon", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Toxic Megacolon" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Toxic Megacolon", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Any etiology of severe colitis may result in toxic megacolon\n - ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/odynophagia_2bcc510a-cf79-44c6-b57a-515314eaf27c.md", "title": "Odynophagia", "docid": "2bcc510a-cf79-44c6-b57a-515314eaf27c", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Esophagus", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Odynophagia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Clinically Based Differentials, Odynophagia", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Odynophagia: Pain on swallowing\n - Almost always indicates mucos..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/dilated-esophagus_c703e33f-0a4b-4a16-9569-f37c32dff957.md", "title": "Dilated Esophagus", "docid": "c703e33f-0a4b-4a16-9569-f37c32dff957", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Esophagus", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Dilated Esophagus" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Generic Imaging Patterns, Dilated Esophagus", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Check for history of prior surgery\n - Esophagectomy (Ivor-Lewis ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cyst-with-nodule_6cb71737-f574-4121-a8fb-02eeada9f9f7.md", "title": "Cyst With Nodule", "docid": "6cb71737-f574-4121-a8fb-02eeada9f9f7", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Brain Parenchyma, General", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Cyst With Nodule" ], "authors": [ { "key": "4b6589b0-9b8d-4467-8a90-01a0a59742fc", "value": "Troy A. Hutchins, MD" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Brain Parenchyma, General, Generic Imaging Patterns, Cyst With Nodule", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Cystic lesions with solid nodular components can be divided into 2 catego..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/vertebral-body-thickened-bony-trabeculae_94acd361-5ac3-475f-a87b-f0d8d24e3b91.md", "title": "Vertebral Body Thickened Bony Trabeculae", "docid": "94acd361-5ac3-475f-a87b-f0d8d24e3b91", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Differential Diagnosis", "Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements", "Modality-Specific Imaging Findings", "Vertebral Body Thickened Bony Trabeculae" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" }, { "key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea", "value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Vertebral Body Thickened Bony Trabeculae", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Vertebral expansion in Paget disease, fibrous dysplasia, plasmacytoma\n-..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/radiation-and-chemotherapy_c1069d36-ca23-443e-9b68-266bf8affc78.md", "title": "Radiation and Chemotherapy", "docid": "c1069d36-ca23-443e-9b68-266bf8affc78", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations", "Radiation and Chemotherapy" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Radiation and Chemotherapy", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Radiation-induced brain injury: Acute, early delayed, late delayed injury\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - **Rad..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/neurotransmitter-systems_b67f45e2-1418-4965-8e2f-b0c1f2a324d3.md", "title": "Neurotransmitter Systems", "docid": "b67f45e2-1418-4965-8e2f-b0c1f2a324d3", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Brain Network Anatomy", "Neurotransmitter Systems" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Neurotransmitter Systems", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - **Glutamate** and **GABA** are primary neurotransmitters in brain\n - Glutamate is main excita..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/multiple-colonic-filling-defects_49d69249-8dcf-4423-a03a-1d43274c5a3a.md", "title": "Multiple Colonic Filling Defects", "docid": "49d69249-8dcf-4423-a03a-1d43274c5a3a", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Colon", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Multiple Colonic Filling Defects" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Multiple Colonic Filling Defects", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Check if defects are movable (gas or feces)\n- ## Helpful Clues for Common..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/gyral-sulcal-anatomy_299a5990-1805-4018-85b5-191d8416385b.md", "title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "docid": "299a5990-1805-4018-85b5-191d8416385b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Functional MRI", "Regional Brain Anatomy", "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy" ], "authors": [ { "key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea", "value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Functional MRI, Regional Brain Anatomy, Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Title", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Lobes\n \n \n - Frontal lobe\n - Extends to central sulcus\n - Separated inferiorly & laterally from temp..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/confluent-white-matter-lesions_33041afc-b606-4d06-8fb6-495849d9659a.md", "title": "Confluent White Matter Lesions", "docid": "33041afc-b606-4d06-8fb6-495849d9659a", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Supratentorial Brain Parenchyma", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Confluent White Matter Lesions" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Supratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Anatomically Based Differentials, Confluent White Matter Lesions", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Confluent white matter (WM) lesions are all T2/FLAIR hyperintense & CT ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/craniocervical-junction-acute-injury_89ec23bf-2ed4-4694-98a7-7064d22cbf16.md", "title": "Craniocervical Junction Acute Injury", "docid": "89ec23bf-2ed4-4694-98a7-7064d22cbf16", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Differential Diagnosis", "Craniovertebral Junction", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Craniocervical Junction Acute Injury" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" }, { "key": "86b8c311-8667-4afd-9b2b-0c2036a02b8a", "value": "Julia R. Crim, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Craniovertebral Junction, Anatomically Based Differentials, Craniocervical Junction Acute Injury", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Coronal, sagittal CT reformations essential for full evaluation of injury..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/acute-hypertensive-encephalopathy-pres_efc6f9c2-dad9-4eb8-bad2-421bfaf1ec57.md", "title": "Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES", "docid": "efc6f9c2-dad9-4eb8-bad2-421bfaf1ec57", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Pediatric Neuroradiology", "Brain", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Cerebrovascular autoregulatory disorder\n - Many etiologies with HTN as common component\n - Gl..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/abducens-nerve-cnvi_655e63da-d744-4267-9d90-07f52493bbc0.md", "title": "Abducens Nerve (CNVI)", "docid": "655e63da-d744-4267-9d90-07f52493bbc0", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Abducens Nerve (CNVI)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Abducens Nerve (CNVI)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Abducens nerve (CNVI)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Abducens nerve: 6th cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/quadrigeminal-cistern-mass_828ddbbf-3daf-45b9-8dce-2ab3582fddaa.md", "title": "Quadrigeminal Cistern Mass", "docid": "828ddbbf-3daf-45b9-8dce-2ab3582fddaa", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Quadrigeminal Cistern Mass" ], "authors": [ { "key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a", "value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Quadrigeminal Cistern Mass", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Quadrigeminal cistern (QC) lesions are smaller subset of pineal region ma..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/rhabdomyoma_2915b0ba-a2fc-425c-beb7-2566dd945aed.md", "title": "Rhabdomyoma", "docid": "2915b0ba-a2fc-425c-beb7-2566dd945aed", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Cardiac", "Miscellaneous", "Rhabdomyoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "7e393d6e-f8be-4315-b1cd-b4639ee57a5f", "value": "Randy R. Richardson, MD" }, { "key": "db1ca0c5-292f-4acd-847d-c73a4f4ba734", "value": "Ryan A. Moore, MD" }, { "key": "961f3a7f-ad62-43bc-98f4-5116b17ab812", "value": "Paula J. Woodward, MD, FSRU" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Cardiac, Miscellaneous, Rhabdomyoma", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Congenital cardiac hamartoma composed of abnormal myocytes\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Initial diagnosis is of..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/aortic-aneurysm-rupture_e64e6a27-0c8d-4b4f-8ca5-d2e65c9f2e9a.md", "title": "Aortic Aneurysm: Rupture", "docid": "e64e6a27-0c8d-4b4f-8ca5-d2e65c9f2e9a", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Aortic Aneurysm: Rupture" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b00d2bdb-66e1-41ed-90b4-c52904f4d598", "value": "Seth Kligerman, MD, MS" }, { "key": "9ad9af12-61a1-44d6-af52-0ee1f38eb298", "value": "Davis Vigneault, MD, DPhil" }, { "key": "5de0df07-7b3e-4678-8767-1519e1153f29", "value": "Dominik Fleischmann, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Aortic Aneurysm: Rupture", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Dilated aorta with disruption through all 3 layers of aortic wall leading to extravasation of blood into su..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/drug-abuse_48859403-0b26-44d8-ba74-e0919e4c3147.md", "title": "Drug Abuse", "docid": "48859403-0b26-44d8-ba74-e0919e4c3147", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations", "Drug Abuse" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Drug Abuse", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Many drugs (prescription, illicit, or street) have adverse CNS effects\n - Illicit drug use often..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/large-iac_d5405c3d-6941-4a2d-abeb-dd8ccf2b5d45.md", "title": "Large IAC", "docid": "d5405c3d-6941-4a2d-abeb-dd8ccf2b5d45", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Large IAC" ], "authors": [ { "key": "eef2f839-5706-47b9-89c3-60d8315b2b3a", "value": "Nicholas A. Koontz, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Anatomically Based Differentials, Large IAC", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Bilateral large internal auditory canal (IAC)\n - Can be normal v..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/inner-ear-lesion-adult_e5bbf757-d77a-4546-a848-d1a1a64cb230.md", "title": "Inner Ear Lesion, Adult", "docid": "e5bbf757-d77a-4546-a848-d1a1a64cb230", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "Temporal Bone", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Inner Ear Lesion, Adult" ], "authors": [ { "key": "d19354f3-7ff2-495a-ad3f-064122e45602", "value": "Bernadette L. Koch, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Temporal Bone, Anatomically Based Differentials, Inner Ear Lesion, Adult", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Differential encompasses all lesions, including normal variants, that may..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/oculomotor-nerve-cniii_495aba11-106f-439d-8516-6a445b085919.md", "title": "Oculomotor Nerve (CNIII)", "docid": "495aba11-106f-439d-8516-6a445b085919", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Oculomotor Nerve (CNIII) " ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Oculomotor Nerve (CNIII) ", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Oculomotor nerve (CNIII)\n - Oculomotor nuclear complex (ONC)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 3rd crania..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/colonic-thumbprinting_3fc39bd0-f5b3-4c51-b352-37f263a2d2fc.md", "title": "Colonic Thumbprinting", "docid": "3fc39bd0-f5b3-4c51-b352-37f263a2d2fc", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Colon", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Colonic Thumbprinting" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Colonic Thumbprinting", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Thumbprinting describes rounded thickening of transverse colonic folds; u..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/lyme-disease_082aad00-d3cf-4b75-a9aa-5ed2c724959c.md", "title": "Lyme Disease", "docid": "082aad00-d3cf-4b75-a9aa-5ed2c724959c", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases", "Acquired Infections", "Lyme Disease" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases, Acquired Infections, Lyme Disease", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Lyme disease (LD), Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB)\n - Multisystem, multistage inflammatory disease\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/primary-motor-cortex-area-4_81b77087-f4ef-42d3-a13b-015500243b95.md", "title": "Primary Motor Cortex (Area 4)", "docid": "81b77087-f4ef-42d3-a13b-015500243b95", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Primary Motor Cortex (Area 4)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Primary Motor Cortex (Area 4)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Anterior surface of central sulcus and superior portion of precentral gyrus\n- ### Boundaries\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/aging-brain-normal_f8dc8f27-f256-480d-9393-7ec3495a3d27.md", "title": "Aging Brain, Normal", "docid": "f8dc8f27-f256-480d-9393-7ec3495a3d27", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Supratentorial Brain Parenchyma", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Basal Ganglia Calcification" ], "authors": null, "pageKeywords": null, "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Basal ganglia (BG) Ca⁺⁺ is end result of multiple toxic, metabolic, infla..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/torch-infections_3b509e1c-83cf-4793-8307-e0afa70781ce.md", "title": "TORCH Infections", "docid": "3b509e1c-83cf-4793-8307-e0afa70781ce", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Brain", "Metabolic, Infectious, and Inflammatory Disorders", "TORCH Infections" ], "authors": [ { "key": "838e1722-2479-4fbd-a5fe-d965980a1a2c", "value": "Blaise V. Jones, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Brain, Metabolic, Infectious, and Inflammatory Disorders, TORCH Infections", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - TORCH/TORCHES: Acronym for congenital infections caused by transplacental transmission of pathogens\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/hyperattenuating-dense-artery_70b5e153-27a5-4871-aaf3-0942c49f02e0.md", "title": "Hyperattenuating (\"Dense\") Artery", "docid": "70b5e153-27a5-4871-aaf3-0942c49f02e0", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Arteries", "Modality-Specific Imaging Findings", "Hyperattenuating (\"Dense\") Artery" ], "authors": [ { "key": "2bca6b86-1eca-4e93-b997-4e18913686a7", "value": "Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS" }, { "key": "7cc3ba75-2642-4233-b9f6-0ce69ffe28f3", "value": "Sheri L. Harder, MD, FRCPC" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Arteries, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Hyperattenuating (\"Dense\") Artery", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Presence, localization of focal neurologic findings important\n - High ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/ahle_0ec0bca6-abee-4931-a6ed-43541b626261.md", "title": "AHLE", "docid": "0ec0bca6-abee-4931-a6ed-43541b626261", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease", "Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease", "AHLE" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, AHLE", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Hyperacute, fulminant hemorrhagic perivascular demyelinating disorder\n - Usually viral or immunization r..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/brain-tumor-in-newborn-infant_12b32579-c99b-41c0-95fd-f2ad1fc4a4fd.md", "title": "Brain Tumor in Newborn/Infant", "docid": "12b32579-c99b-41c0-95fd-f2ad1fc4a4fd", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Brain Parenchyma, General", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Brain Tumor in Newborn/Infant" ], "authors": [ { "key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a", "value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Brain Parenchyma, General, Clinically Based Differentials, Brain Tumor in Newborn/Infant", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Newborn/infant brain tumors\n - Typically large, bulky, inhomogen..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/periventricular-t2-flair-hyperintense-lesions_b317aae2-6370-4ba3-911a-15c12ac035b3.md", "title": "Periventricular T2-/FLAIR-Hyperintense Lesions", "docid": "b317aae2-6370-4ba3-911a-15c12ac035b3", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Ventricles, Periventricular Regions", "Modality-Specific Imaging Findings", "Periventricular T2-/FLAIR-Hyperintense Lesions" ], "authors": [ { "key": "4b6589b0-9b8d-4467-8a90-01a0a59742fc", "value": "Troy A. Hutchins, MD" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Ventricles, Periventricular Regions, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Periventricular T2-/FLAIR-Hyperintense Lesions", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Periventricular T2-/FLAIR-hyperintense lesions often nonspecific with s..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cnv3-motor-denervation_84c14a32-d0b3-4e83-bb8f-cb3b9964fb4a.md", "title": "CNV3 Motor Denervation", "docid": "84c14a32-d0b3-4e83-bb8f-cb3b9964fb4a", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Diagnosis", "Masticator Space", "Pseudolesions", "CNV3 Motor Denervation" ], "authors": [ { "key": "530afd4d-6f67-4edf-8925-dd23ebf434f3", "value": "Jaclyn E. Thiessen, MD" }, { "key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06", "value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Masticator Space, Pseudolesions, CNV3 Motor Denervation", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Abbreviations: Trigeminal nerve (CNV)\n - Mandibular nerve: 3rd division of CNV (CNV3)\n - Only..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/frontal-pole-area-10_b36192b6-08cc-4b94-9ca6-01240f25dff6.md", "title": "Frontal Pole (Area 10)", "docid": "b36192b6-08cc-4b94-9ca6-01240f25dff6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Frontal Pole (Area 10)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Frontal Pole (Area 10)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Frontal pole (Fp)\n\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Most rostral portion of pre..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-cerebral-artery_7bad3118-2ae8-4727-8f8d-fd8175c4e8c2.md", "title": "Posterior Cerebral Artery", "docid": "7bad3118-2ae8-4727-8f8d-fd8175c4e8c2", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Intracranial Arteries", "Posterior Cerebral Artery" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Posterior Cerebral Artery", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)\n - Posterior communicating artery (PCoA)\n - Basilar artery (BA)..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/inguinal-hernia_cf4d4a15-6a85-4aeb-9563-7be7e8131bc7.md", "title": "Inguinal Hernia", "docid": "cf4d4a15-6a85-4aeb-9563-7be7e8131bc7", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Diagnosis", "Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall", "External Hernias", "Inguinal Hernia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Diagnosis, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall, External Hernias, Inguinal Hernia", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - **Direct inguinal hernia**: Hernia passes through Hesselbach triangle (bounded by inguinal ligament, lateral ma..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/intracranial-internal-carotid-artery_7e9c58f7-6ba0-41e2-a363-43299fac430e.md", "title": "Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery", "docid": "7e9c58f7-6ba0-41e2-a363-43299fac430e", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Intracranial Arteries", "Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Internal carotid artery (ICA)\n - Ophthalmic artery (OA)\n - Cavernous sinus (CS)\n\n## GROSS ANATO..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/intrahepatic-and-extrahepatic-duct-dilatation_96c36f11-a361-4f1c-a413-1ce7e79034f2.md", "title": "Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Duct Dilatation", "docid": "96c36f11-a361-4f1c-a413-1ce7e79034f2", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Gallbladder", "Modality-Specific Imaging Findings", "Ultrasound", "Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Duct Dilatation" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b80cd6cc-b9a6-4b89-8de1-37282650b55e", "value": "L. Nayeli Morimoto, MD" }, { "key": "b4e1fa52-80a4-4e86-9e6f-beb2fe21629b", "value": "Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR" }, { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Ultrasound, Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Duct Dilatation", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Choledocholithiasis**\n - Most common location is in common bi..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/x-linked-adrenoleukodystrophy_389d8044-a381-4a6a-b6d8-fc490ea1682d.md", "title": "X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy", "docid": "389d8044-a381-4a6a-b6d8-fc490ea1682d", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Peroxisomal Disorders", "X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy" ], "authors": [ { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" }, { "key": "e8af6d26-3aad-47c9-9083-5128aab09af2", "value": "Susan I. Blaser, MD, FRCPC" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Peroxisomal Disorders, X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Abbreviations\n - X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD, ALD)\n - Classic childhood ALD (C..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/intrasellar-lesion_391834ff-565f-401b-bfbd-0bc40f6b83bf.md", "title": "Intrasellar Lesion", "docid": "391834ff-565f-401b-bfbd-0bc40f6b83bf", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Intrasellar Lesion" ], "authors": [ { "key": "e0282a62-994d-4550-a127-1eb773b1e920", "value": "Blair A. Winegar, MD" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Intrasellar Lesion", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Not all \"enlarged\" pituitary glands are abnormal\n - Size/height ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/neurocysticercosis_d518dff8-cc30-46e5-8894-3926e6b987cf.md", "title": "Neurocysticercosis", "docid": "d518dff8-cc30-46e5-8894-3926e6b987cf", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Pediatric Neuroradiology", "Brain", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious Disease", "Acquired Infections", "Neurocysticercosis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious Disease, Acquired Infections, Neurocysticercosis", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Neurocysticercosis (NCC): Intracranial parasitic infection caused by pork tapeworm *Taenia solium*\n- ## Ima..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-cingulate-cortex-areas-23-31_0d4c7603-274e-4d05-bc73-821ca71811ae.md", "title": "Posterior Cingulate Cortex (Areas 23, 31)", "docid": "0d4c7603-274e-4d05-bc73-821ca71811ae", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Posterior Cingulate Cortex (Areas 23, 31)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Posterior Cingulate Cortex (Areas 23, 31)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Posterior cingulate gyrus\n - Functionally related to adjacent precuneus and retrosplenial c..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/limbic-system_f2a117ed-9429-441d-baa0-5e99e05722ac.md", "title": "Limbic System", "docid": "f2a117ed-9429-441d-baa0-5e99e05722ac", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Limbic System" ], "authors": [ { "key": "00279799-953b-49c0-b072-7b0ed0ac3122", "value": "Farshid Sepehrband, PhD, MS, BS" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Limbic System", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Limbic lobe\n - Phylogenetically older cortex\n - Fewer layers than neocortex\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/primary-progressive-aphasia_5dca11fe-b5ee-404c-b22e-4008b7571844.md", "title": "Primary Progressive Aphasia", "docid": "5dca11fe-b5ee-404c-b22e-4008b7571844", "breadcrumbs": [ "Nuclear Medicine", "Central Nervous System", "Neurodegeneration", "Primary Progressive Aphasia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c92844c3-e14c-4eff-a8b8-68c82b8d2795", "value": "Kyle Atcheson, MD" }, { "key": "1f262abe-db83-4f18-99af-00bd3045cd4d", "value": "Marc Benayoun, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Nuclear Medicine, Central Nervous System, Neurodegeneration, Primary Progressive Aphasia", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Group of heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders characterized by prominent language and word-finding dif..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/traumatic-aortic-injury_061b04b5-e37e-4f63-a198-1020a984e041.md", "title": "Traumatic Aortic Injury", "docid": "061b04b5-e37e-4f63-a198-1020a984e041", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Traumatic Aortic Injury" ], "authors": [ { "key": "770e1d77-2287-436e-910b-48232afc7842", "value": "Prabhakar Rajiah, MBBS, MD, FACR, FRCR, FACC, FAHA, FSCCT" }, { "key": "8b719ccc-d695-4377-9afb-2b399714d382", "value": "Terrance Healey, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Traumatic Aortic Injury", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Traumatic injury of aorta (TAI) as result of motor vehicle collision (MVC), fall, or, less commonly, penetr..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/progressive-supranuclear-palsy_840ed321-c0ab-4069-a07e-ad416232f916.md", "title": "Progressive Supranuclear Palsy", "docid": "840ed321-c0ab-4069-a07e-ad416232f916", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Dementias and Degenerative Disorders", "Progressive Supranuclear Palsy" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Neurodegenerative disease characterized by vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, postural instability, mild dem..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/right-aortic-arch_5f186c96-4cc3-453e-840d-12ebfad13115.md", "title": "Right Aortic Arch", "docid": "5f186c96-4cc3-453e-840d-12ebfad13115", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Right Aortic Arch" ], "authors": [ { "key": "ee6ece9d-ad74-458c-a8df-11628ae7f879", "value": "Arzu Canan, MD" }, { "key": "10bb95ac-a27a-4ebe-833b-e59fea07734b", "value": "Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Right Aortic Arch", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Right aortic arch (RAA)\n - Aortic arch located to right of trachea\n - Common variations\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/aortic-intramural-abnormality_75d7b37f-bc37-493b-8961-8b2a9001fb94.md", "title": "Aortic Intramural Abnormality", "docid": "75d7b37f-bc37-493b-8961-8b2a9001fb94", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Differential Diagnosis", "Aortic Intramural Abnormality" ], "authors": [ { "key": "df804626-c042-4296-96e3-836a6da50fd6", "value": "Gregory Kicska, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Differential Diagnosis, Aortic Intramural Abnormality", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Aortic wall should measure < 4 mm\n - Aortic wall should be isointense ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/vertebral-body-sclerosis-focal_b40961c7-d421-4ad6-bfb7-33d09bf797f5.md", "title": "Vertebral Body Sclerosis, Focal", "docid": "b40961c7-d421-4ad6-bfb7-33d09bf797f5", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Differential Diagnosis", "Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements", "Modality-Specific Imaging Findings", "Vertebral Body Sclerosis, Focal" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Vertebral Body Sclerosis, Focal", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Congenital**\n - Bone island\n - Most common..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/brainstem-tumors_ad1fb229-9f01-4ab3-8d0e-3c04167e7899.md", "title": "Brainstem Tumors", "docid": "ad1fb229-9f01-4ab3-8d0e-3c04167e7899", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Pediatric Neuroradiology", "Brain", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Neoplasms", "Brainstem Tumors" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Neoplasms, Brainstem Tumors", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Brainstem tumors (BSTs) distinguished by location, imaging appearance, & histology\n - Medullary,..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/vertebral-body-sclerosis-diffuse_dd817030-5fdf-4fd8-b740-6d2b8ce700fd.md", "title": "Vertebral Body Sclerosis, Diffuse", "docid": "dd817030-5fdf-4fd8-b740-6d2b8ce700fd", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Differential Diagnosis", "Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements", "Modality-Specific Imaging Findings", "Vertebral Body Sclerosis, Diffuse" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" }, { "key": "bf7af3a5-468c-48d0-8aea-4f6e808af979", "value": "Bryson Borg, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Vertebral Body Sclerosis, Diffuse", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Discogenic Sclerosis**\n - Sclerotic endplate marrow, correl..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/abnormal-brainstem-morphology_15c83858-1ce2-49da-a30e-85962f458c73.md", "title": "Abnormal Brainstem Morphology", "docid": "15c83858-1ce2-49da-a30e-85962f458c73", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Differential Diagnosis", "Brain", "Abnormal Brainstem Morphology" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Differential Diagnosis, Brain, Abnormal Brainstem Morphology", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical features to consider\n - Common symptoms: Cranial neur..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/visual-network_404625d9-3125-4923-9f9d-53d0f81c3542.md", "title": "Visual Network", "docid": "404625d9-3125-4923-9f9d-53d0f81c3542", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Brain Network Anatomy", "Visual Network" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Visual Network", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n# IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ## Overview\n \n \n - Visual cortex consumes virtually all of the occipital lobe, from primary sensory areas along the calcari..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/diffuse-axonal-injury_a466e24e-0c31-41ea-ad41-c8cc9d07322e.md", "title": "Diffuse Axonal Injury", "docid": "a466e24e-0c31-41ea-ad41-c8cc9d07322e", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Trauma", "Primary Effects of CNS Trauma", "Diffuse Axonal Injury" ], "authors": [ { "key": "cdbaaa96-a7b4-4498-a355-a2823a7d9e26", "value": "Kelly A. Dahlstrom, DO" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Trauma, Primary Effects of CNS Trauma, Diffuse Axonal Injury", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Diffuse axonal injury (DAI): Diffuse injury to axons in cerebral hemispheres, corpus callosum, brainstem ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cnxi-accessory-nerve_18e60151-70bc-40a1-9b4f-4b86f8fd65c2.md", "title": "CNXI (Accessory Nerve)", "docid": "18e60151-70bc-40a1-9b4f-4b86f8fd65c2", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Cranial Nerves", "CNXI (Accessory Nerve)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6013f8cc-4944-4129-a1fe-6af055868136", "value": "Thomas Jose Eluvathingal Muttikkal, MD" }, { "key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915", "value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNXI (Accessory Nerve)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Accessory nerve (CNXI)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 11th cranial nerve (CN), CN11\n- ### Definitions\n \n..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/intramedullary-mass_635c114e-6260-4e9d-a36a-368deeb05f05.md", "title": "Intramedullary Mass", "docid": "635c114e-6260-4e9d-a36a-368deeb05f05", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Differential Diagnosis", "Intramedullary", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Intramedullary Mass" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" }, { "key": "bf7af3a5-468c-48d0-8aea-4f6e808af979", "value": "Bryson Borg, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Intramedullary, Anatomically Based Differentials, Intramedullary Mass", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - MR ± contrast is best tool to evaluate intramedullary processes of cord\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/parotid-schwannoma_039d782c-2e1e-455f-9cdc-dc00dc65c750.md", "title": "Parotid Schwannoma", "docid": "039d782c-2e1e-455f-9cdc-dc00dc65c750", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Diagnosis", "Parotid Space", "Benign Tumors", "Parotid Schwannoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "639a3888-2423-42a0-ba09-67dd25a0b4f3", "value": "Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS" }, { "key": "6e26637f-9cb3-4b8a-8e59-79c6c8bfe097", "value": "Hilda E. Stambuk, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Parotid Space, Benign Tumors, Parotid Schwannoma", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Benign nerve sheath neoplasm from Schwann cells of intraparotid facial nerve (CNVII)\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/dural-sinuses_deb22ea4-1ac5-4542-a85a-8945376ad725.md", "title": "Dural Sinuses", "docid": "deb22ea4-1ac5-4542-a85a-8945376ad725", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Veins and Venous Sinuses", "Dural Sinuses" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b", "value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "afaec833-e997-49c4-8eab-e28310c6c2bf", "value": "Adriene C. Eastaway, MD, MS" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Veins and Venous Sinuses, Dural Sinuses", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Internal cerebral vein (ICV)\n - Superior/inferior petrosal sinuses (SPS/IPS)\n\n## GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/defect-in-abdominal-wall-hernia_5af046fa-59ef-45b5-952b-acbcdee36196.md", "title": "Defect in Abdominal Wall (Hernia)", "docid": "5af046fa-59ef-45b5-952b-acbcdee36196", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Abdominal Wall", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Defect in Abdominal Wall (Hernia)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Abdominal Wall, Anatomically Based Differentials, Defect in Abdominal Wall (Hernia)", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - CT is most accurate imaging modality for diagnosis of hernias and associa..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/middle-cerebral-artery_5658d6a5-aa61-4c8a-a6c7-a8d5aa5c41c4.md", "title": "Middle Cerebral Artery", "docid": "5658d6a5-aa61-4c8a-a6c7-a8d5aa5c41c4", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Intracranial Arteries", "Middle Cerebral Artery" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b", "value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "afaec833-e997-49c4-8eab-e28310c6c2bf", "value": "Adriene C. Eastaway, MD, MS" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Middle Cerebral Artery", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Middle cerebral artery (MCA)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Sylvian (lateral cerebral) fissure\n - Insu..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/solitary-enhancing-cranial-nerve_ffbc97f3-a544-4d1e-8019-2657bf686d3d.md", "title": "Solitary Enhancing Cranial Nerve", "docid": "ffbc97f3-a544-4d1e-8019-2657bf686d3d", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Extraaxial Spaces and Subarachnoid Cisterns", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Solitary Enhancing Cranial Nerve" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Extraaxial Spaces and Subarachnoid Cisterns, Generic Imaging Patterns, Solitary Enhancing Cranial Nerve", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Enhancement of cisternal, cavernous sinus cranial nerve (CN) segments a..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/intraluminal-mass-esophagus_ccb87fb4-770b-472e-9d4a-7e4d61a5b3ef.md", "title": "Intraluminal Mass, Esophagus", "docid": "ccb87fb4-770b-472e-9d4a-7e4d61a5b3ef", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Esophagus", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Intraluminal Mass, Esophagus" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Generic Imaging Patterns, Intraluminal Mass, Esophagus", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Intraluminal masses usually have irregular surface and acute angles with ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/meckel-cave-lesion_9c5ce268-caf8-4d2a-9735-9b415ad3c9c3.md", "title": "Meckel Cave Lesion", "docid": "9c5ce268-caf8-4d2a-9735-9b415ad3c9c3", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "Skull Base", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Meckel Cave Lesion" ], "authors": [ { "key": "26ebc2e8-e4f7-40ee-8f5c-d23fe383e15c", "value": "Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Skull Base, Anatomically Based Differentials, Meckel Cave Lesion", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Normal Meckel cave (MC)\n - Anatomy\n - CSF-fil..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/thoracic-aorta-and-great-vessel-anatomy_67498b94-770a-47ee-bd74-622b5e0b6817.md", "title": "Thoracic Aorta and Great Vessel Anatomy", "docid": "67498b94-770a-47ee-bd74-622b5e0b6817", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Anatomy", "Thoracic Aorta and Great Vessel Anatomy" ], "authors": [ { "key": "9fea2857-d729-4fe4-b4fd-3b7bf1db23cf", "value": "Mortadha Al-Kinani, MD, MBChB" }, { "key": "3d1e4c57-c1cf-4c89-b0f0-5d82b29a31e1", "value": "Suhny Abbara, MD, FACR, MSCCT, FNASCI" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Anatomy, Thoracic Aorta and Great Vessel Anatomy", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Title", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n# TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ## Definitions\n \n \n - Aortic root\n - Anulus to sinotubular junction (STJ)\n - Ascending aorta (AsAo)\n - Ext..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/suprasellar-cystic-mass_4748e65c-f466-495b-bc2c-c4389d55b3ad.md", "title": "Suprasellar Cystic Mass", "docid": "4748e65c-f466-495b-bc2c-c4389d55b3ad", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Suprasellar Cystic Mass" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8bf951c6-3575-4f38-8878-17cd9d4f2d12", "value": "Tabassum A. Kennedy, MD" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Suprasellar Cystic Mass", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Where does mass originate?\n - 3rd ventricle: Think hydrocephalus..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/aortic-arch-and-great-vessels_a7a252f0-2ac6-402a-8c87-cfce8adc799b.md", "title": "Aortic Arch and Great Vessels", "docid": "a7a252f0-2ac6-402a-8c87-cfce8adc799b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Extracranial Arteries", "Aortic Arch and Great Vessels" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Extracranial Arteries, Aortic Arch and Great Vessels", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Aortic arch (AA); brachiocephalic trunk (BCT)\n - Right common carotid arteries (RCCA)\n - Left c..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/hypointense-lesion-in-biliary-tree-mrcp_a598e282-a871-4fdb-8eca-fdbdf2144e3c.md", "title": "Hypointense Lesion in Biliary Tree (MRCP)", "docid": "a598e282-a871-4fdb-8eca-fdbdf2144e3c", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Biliary Tract", "Modality-Specific Imaging Findings", "Hypointense Lesion in Biliary Tree (MRCP)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Biliary Tract, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Hypointense Lesion in Biliary Tree (MRCP)", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - While MR is most sensitive modality for identifying stones in extrahepati..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/subgenual-cingulate-cortex-area-25_982728bc-af09-4cba-bb25-ae7ea0366bea.md", "title": "Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (Area 25)", "docid": "982728bc-af09-4cba-bb25-ae7ea0366bea", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (Area 25)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (Area 25)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Anterior margin of genu and rostrum of corpus callosum, including pregenual and subgenual cing..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/ventral-hernia_ab08cd87-4342-4825-948b-d02fc178078f.md", "title": "Ventral Hernia", "docid": "ab08cd87-4342-4825-948b-d02fc178078f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Diagnosis", "Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall", "External Hernias", "Ventral Hernia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Diagnosis, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall, External Hernias, Ventral Hernia", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Ventral hernia is generic term encompassing variety of hernias through anterior and lateral abdominal wall\n..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/hypoglossal-nerve-cnxii_71012f02-fab7-42ed-bc60-e584dc229ccb.md", "title": "Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)", "docid": "71012f02-fab7-42ed-bc60-e584dc229ccb", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3", "value": "Aparna Singhal, MD" }, { "key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809", "value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 12th cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n -..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/wallerian-degeneration_e4bb682d-6534-4176-9d39-34c1a42f3771.md", "title": "Wallerian Degeneration", "docid": "e4bb682d-6534-4176-9d39-34c1a42f3771", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Dementias and Degenerative Disorders", "Wallerian Degeneration" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Wallerian Degeneration", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Wallerian degeneration (WaD)\n - Progressive secondary anterograde degeneration of axons and their myelin..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/right-upper-quadrant-pain_33f29d78-0099-4ee9-85da-d0c70c1e0ce6.md", "title": "Right Upper Quadrant Pain", "docid": "33f29d78-0099-4ee9-85da-d0c70c1e0ce6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Gallbladder", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Right Upper Quadrant Pain" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Clinically Based Differentials, Right Upper Quadrant Pain", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Hepatobiliary etiologies (e.g., cholecystitis, hepatitis, cholelithiasis,..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/ventricles-and-cisterns-overview_ad860c4f-fe9a-4469-8eca-a7ccd5cff70f.md", "title": "Ventricles and Cisterns Overview", "docid": "ad860c4f-fe9a-4469-8eca-a7ccd5cff70f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Ventricles and Cisterns", "Ventricles and Cisterns Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Ventricles and Cisterns Overview", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# Gross and Imaging Anatomy\n\n- ## Ventricles and Choroid Plexus\n- **Basic embryology**: Early in embryonic development, the forebrain cavity divides ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/trigeminal-neuropathy_6d668284-4c8e-4a14-90b6-c7abf86065e6.md", "title": "Trigeminal Neuropathy", "docid": "6d668284-4c8e-4a14-90b6-c7abf86065e6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "Cranial Nerves and Brainstem", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Trigeminal Neuropathy" ], "authors": [ { "key": "ab4396df-0647-4f6a-b534-995eda06646c", "value": "Nancy J. Fischbein, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Cranial Nerves and Brainstem, Clinically Based Differentials, Trigeminal Neuropathy", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - **Neuropathy vs. neuralgia**\n - Trigeminal neuropathy refers t..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/mass-in-iliopsoas-compartment_e39c8918-27cb-4dd6-9166-2b265b777a35.md", "title": "Mass in Iliopsoas Compartment", "docid": "e39c8918-27cb-4dd6-9166-2b265b777a35", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Abdominal Wall", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Mass in Iliopsoas Compartment" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Abdominal Wall, Anatomically Based Differentials, Mass in Iliopsoas Compartment", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Iliopsoas compartment masses are much more likely to result from infectio..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/susac-syndrome_5408755d-e5f0-488c-9f84-a4e4d91664eb.md", "title": "Susac Syndrome", "docid": "5408755d-e5f0-488c-9f84-a4e4d91664eb", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Stroke", "Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy", "Susac Syndrome" ], "authors": [ { "key": "62f6e521-b48c-4923-89c1-f9e332170953", "value": "Ali Morshid, MBBCh" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy, Susac Syndrome", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Immune-mediated vasculitis affecting brain, retina, and cochlea\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - T2-hyperintense..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/mucopolysaccharidoses_f5cb4b90-2431-40bb-8476-2e340b85fb9e.md", "title": "Mucopolysaccharidoses", "docid": "f5cb4b90-2431-40bb-8476-2e340b85fb9e", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Lysosomal Disorders", "Mucopolysaccharidoses" ], "authors": [ { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Lysosomal Disorders, Mucopolysaccharidoses", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS): I-IX\n - Group of lysosomal storage disorders\n - Characterized by..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cardiac-calcifications_c53ad786-4464-4a04-a3e9-ccd286e1f8fc.md", "title": "Cardiac Calcifications", "docid": "c53ad786-4464-4a04-a3e9-ccd286e1f8fc", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Differential Diagnosis", "Cardiac Calcifications" ], "authors": [ { "key": "df804626-c042-4296-96e3-836a6da50fd6", "value": "Gregory Kicska, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Differential Diagnosis, Cardiac Calcifications", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Most common pitfall is misidentifying which anatomic structure is calcifi..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pituicytoma_fe593d2b-aab5-4f7e-95b5-0f20e8df96c5.md", "title": "Pituicytoma", "docid": "fe593d2b-aab5-4f7e-95b5-0f20e8df96c5", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Neoplasms", "Pituicytoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Pituicytoma", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Rare tumor arising from pituicytes, specialized glial cells in neurohypophysis and infundibulum\n - Par..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/tuberous-sclerosis-complex_60611839-bd46-4b21-a671-d7f62e45b967.md", "title": "Tuberous Sclerosis Complex", "docid": "60611839-bd46-4b21-a671-d7f62e45b967", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Pediatric Neuroradiology", "Brain", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Congenital Malformations", "Familial Tumor/Neurocutaneous Syndromes", "Tuberous Sclerosis Complex" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Congenital Malformations, Familial Tumor/Neurocutaneous Syndromes, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Hamartomas of multiple organs → CNS, skin, kidney, bone\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Cerebral tubers\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/asymmetric-dilation-of-intrahepatic-bile-ducts_54bd67f4-bbad-48a9-9baa-96d727b34aef.md", "title": "Asymmetric Dilation of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts", "docid": "54bd67f4-bbad-48a9-9baa-96d727b34aef", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Biliary Tract", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Asymmetric Dilation of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Biliary Tract, Generic Imaging Patterns, Asymmetric Dilation of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Disproportionate dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts (relative to extra..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/absent-thin-infundibular-stalk_28acc91f-2d29-40b9-8a91-b02f16fe1284.md", "title": "Absent/Thin Infundibular Stalk", "docid": "28acc91f-2d29-40b9-8a91-b02f16fe1284", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Absent/Thin Infundibular Stalk" ], "authors": [ { "key": "d19354f3-7ff2-495a-ad3f-064122e45602", "value": "Bernadette L. Koch, MD" }, { "key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a", "value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Absent/Thin Infundibular Stalk", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Congenital or acquired\n - History of trauma or sellar/suprasellar surg..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/premotor-cortex-and-supplementary-motor-area-area-6_bcdfd99d-95d0-4cbc-b858-9cfd66b863ee.md", "title": "Premotor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area (Area 6)", "docid": "bcdfd99d-95d0-4cbc-b858-9cfd66b863ee", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Premotor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area (Area 6)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Premotor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area (Area 6)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Dorsal premotor cortex\n - Caudal portions of inferior and middle frontal gyri and inf..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/temporal-cortex-areas-20-21-22_941f5780-bab8-491a-8a74-f5c86a2081f0.md", "title": "Temporal Cortex (Areas 20, 21, 22)", "docid": "941f5780-bab8-491a-8a74-f5c86a2081f0", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Temporal Cortex (Areas 20, 21, 22)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Temporal Cortex (Areas 20, 21, 22)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Temporal lobe, from posterior margin of temporopolar cortex to occipitotemporal junction\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pineal-suprasellar-lesions_b3295383-e7a6-436e-bfcc-801c97aa4501.md", "title": "Pineal + Suprasellar Lesions", "docid": "b3295383-e7a6-436e-bfcc-801c97aa4501", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Pineal + Suprasellar Lesions" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Pineal + Suprasellar Lesions", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Age may be helpful differentiating feature\n - Diabetes insipidus commo..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/suprasellar-mass-adult_52e755e0-b4b7-4a4d-a8ad-04480ca1768c.md", "title": "Suprasellar Mass, Adult", "docid": "52e755e0-b4b7-4a4d-a8ad-04480ca1768c", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Suprasellar Mass, Adult" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Suprasellar Mass, Adult", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Is mass extraaxial or intraaxial?\n - **Extraaxial**masses arise from p..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/deep-cerebral-veins_e426b06e-4b91-48ef-956b-78fb179b1de9.md", "title": "Deep Cerebral Veins", "docid": "e426b06e-4b91-48ef-956b-78fb179b1de9", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Veins and Venous Sinuses", "Deep Cerebral Veins" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b", "value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "afaec833-e997-49c4-8eab-e28310c6c2bf", "value": "Adriene C. Eastaway, MD, MS" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Veins and Venous Sinuses, Deep Cerebral Veins", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Septal, thalamostriate, internal cerebral veins (SV, TSV, ICV)\n - Vein of Galen (VofG); basal vein..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/smooth-ahaustral-colon_1a15ed2c-4002-42f4-bf0f-10c7a5c72175.md", "title": "Smooth Ahaustral Colon", "docid": "1a15ed2c-4002-42f4-bf0f-10c7a5c72175", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Colon", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Smooth Ahaustral Colon" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Smooth Ahaustral Colon", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Haustra should always be present in proximal colon but can be absent norm..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/acute-ischemic-stroke_69a7a1f7-9c78-4ad1-82dd-9b13f2e717b3.md", "title": "Acute Ischemic Stroke", "docid": "69a7a1f7-9c78-4ad1-82dd-9b13f2e717b3", "breadcrumbs": [ "Vasculature", "Diagnosis", "Extracranial Cerebral Arteries", "Acute Ischemic Stroke" ], "authors": [ { "key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06", "value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Vasculature, Diagnosis, Extracranial Cerebral Arteries, Acute Ischemic Stroke", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Interrupted blood flow to brain resulting in cerebral ischemia/infarction with variable neurologic deficit\n..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/hyperechoic-gallbladder-wall_e5392413-3316-444a-96bc-d47b7093bee4.md", "title": "Hyperechoic Gallbladder Wall", "docid": "e5392413-3316-444a-96bc-d47b7093bee4", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Gallbladder", "Modality-Specific Imaging Findings", "Ultrasound", "Hyperechoic Gallbladder Wall" ], "authors": [ { "key": "07469ec4-05aa-4d65-a788-08b4d64048af", "value": "Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR" }, { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Ultrasound, Hyperechoic Gallbladder Wall", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Differentiate gas-filled duodenum from abnormal gallbladder by location a..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/accessory-nerve-cnxi_9d50453e-c26a-46a3-826e-265736e43174.md", "title": "Accessory Nerve (CNXI)", "docid": "9d50453e-c26a-46a3-826e-265736e43174", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Accessory Nerve (CNXI)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "331a2dea-c845-43ff-8bca-cea47b6251f2", "value": "Siddhartha Gaddamanugu, MD" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Accessory Nerve (CNXI)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Accessory nerve (CNXI)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 11th cranial nerve (CN)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pediatric-seizure_3e2ea1fa-0651-45eb-bc1f-b072af8dd434.md", "title": "Pediatric Seizure", "docid": "3e2ea1fa-0651-45eb-bc1f-b072af8dd434", "breadcrumbs": [ "Nuclear Medicine", "Pediatrics", "Central Nervous System", "Pediatric Seizure" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b94c42b1-c572-4e72-ac48-bfe85989e2f3", "value": "Andrew T. Trout, MD" }, { "key": "0a00bb19-ed17-4500-8bae-c9463720a4fb", "value": "Nadeen K. Abu Ata, MD" }, { "key": "d2ed5cde-67ab-491a-963b-3c0f245d1fd8", "value": "Karol Cardenas, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Nuclear Medicine, Pediatrics, Central Nervous System, Pediatric Seizure", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Nuclear imaging is not part of routine evaluation of isolated seizures\n - Plays important role in mult..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/esophageal-ulceration_252ceb1c-625d-40c1-9401-0fe90089f8eb.md", "title": "Esophageal Ulceration", "docid": "252ceb1c-625d-40c1-9401-0fe90089f8eb", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Esophagus", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Esophageal Ulceration" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Generic Imaging Patterns, Esophageal Ulceration", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - History is often key (e.g., AIDS, caustic ingestion, other known diseases..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/signal-attenuation-abnormalities-of-corpus-callosum_578bd09b-da74-43a2-b068-2d4854a61254.md", "title": "Signal/Attenuation Abnormalities of Corpus Callosum", "docid": "578bd09b-da74-43a2-b068-2d4854a61254", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Differential Diagnosis", "Brain", "Signal/Attenuation Abnormalities of Corpus Callosum" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Differential Diagnosis, Brain, Signal/Attenuation Abnormalities of Corpus Callosum", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical features to consider\n - History of trauma: Diffuse ax..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/primary-somatosensory-cortex-areas-1-2-3_21c4e99d-42e2-4c61-a77e-e0a23da36218.md", "title": "Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Areas 1, 2, 3)", "docid": "21c4e99d-42e2-4c61-a77e-e0a23da36218", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Areas 1, 2, 3)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Areas 1, 2, 3)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Postcentral gyrus\n - Posterior wall of central sulcus\n - Anterior wall of postcentral su..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/craniovertebral-junction-abnormality-general_e73f8637-ed99-4ff8-96c3-3afcc0e01f21.md", "title": "Craniovertebral Junction Abnormality, General", "docid": "e73f8637-ed99-4ff8-96c3-3afcc0e01f21", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Differential Diagnosis", "Craniovertebral Junction", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Craniovertebral Junction Abnormality, General" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" }, { "key": "86b8c311-8667-4afd-9b2b-0c2036a02b8a", "value": "Julia R. Crim, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Craniovertebral Junction, Anatomically Based Differentials, Craniovertebral Junction Abnormality, General", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - **Hint**: Differentiate trauma vs. bony congenital variant\n - So..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cnviii-vestibulocochlear-nerve_e9917c41-94c9-46aa-b9d8-b196c375d35b.md", "title": "CNVIII (Vestibulocochlear Nerve)", "docid": "e9917c41-94c9-46aa-b9d8-b196c375d35b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Cranial Nerves", "CNVIII (Vestibulocochlear Nerve)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNVIII (Vestibulocochlear Nerve)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 8th cranial nerve, CN8\n- ### Definitions\n..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/frontotemporal-dementia_9f9eda8c-7e3c-4292-9861-4b8abc2c6474.md", "title": "Frontotemporal Dementia", "docid": "9f9eda8c-7e3c-4292-9861-4b8abc2c6474", "breadcrumbs": [ "Nuclear Medicine", "Central Nervous System", "Neurodegeneration", "Frontotemporal Dementia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1f262abe-db83-4f18-99af-00bd3045cd4d", "value": "Marc Benayoun, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "9d40c5b1-57d2-442c-9daf-8d8d9d53e24b", "value": "Akiva Mintz, MD, PhD, MHA, CFA" }, { "key": "bbc899b6-2885-44bb-a5b0-24eec7314d33", "value": "Bryan J. Neth, BS" } ], "pageKeywords": "Nuclear Medicine, Central Nervous System, Neurodegeneration, Frontotemporal Dementia", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Frontotemporal dementia (FTD): Progressive neurodegenerative disorder of frontal/anterior temporal lobes\n- ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/enhancing-suprasellar-mass_528eaea9-095f-4fab-ad42-5ad84e215a2d.md", "title": "Enhancing Suprasellar Mass", "docid": "528eaea9-095f-4fab-ad42-5ad84e215a2d", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Enhancing Suprasellar Mass" ], "authors": [ { "key": "318f80ab-6abb-4067-a809-2ebdaa5a30c9", "value": "Kalen Riley, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Enhancing Suprasellar Mass", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Effect of age on differential diagnosis important\n - Common lesions (\"..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/small-ventricles_2f99bc62-163e-41aa-b190-0da8a4de6d11.md", "title": "Small Ventricles", "docid": "2f99bc62-163e-41aa-b190-0da8a4de6d11", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Ventricles, Periventricular Regions", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Small Ventricles" ], "authors": [ { "key": "d19354f3-7ff2-495a-ad3f-064122e45602", "value": "Bernadette L. Koch, MD" }, { "key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a", "value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Ventricles, Periventricular Regions, Generic Imaging Patterns, Small Ventricles", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical features usually help define cause\n- ## Helpful Clues for Common..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/brainstem-tumors_7d172716-2a6c-40b4-a84f-f0fea74122c1.md", "title": "Brainstem Tumors", "docid": "7d172716-2a6c-40b4-a84f-f0fea74122c1", "breadcrumbs": [ "Pediatrics", "Diagnosis", "Brain", "Cysts and Neoplasms", "Brainstem Tumors" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Brain, Cysts and Neoplasms, Brainstem Tumors", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Brainstem tumors (BSTs) are distinguished by location, imaging appearance, & histology\n - Medull..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/sellar-parasellar-mass-with-skull-base-invasion_9465656a-fba7-46d3-8538-2307f2441151.md", "title": "Sellar/Parasellar Mass With Skull Base Invasion", "docid": "9465656a-fba7-46d3-8538-2307f2441151", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Sellar/Parasellar Mass With Skull Base Invasion" ], "authors": [ { "key": "e0282a62-994d-4550-a127-1eb773b1e920", "value": "Blair A. Winegar, MD" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Sellar/Parasellar Mass With Skull Base Invasion", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Pattern of skull base involvement\n - Included: Lesion(s) with pe..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/suprasellar-mass-child_9c0d2762-4b8b-4ede-a9ca-859a789262da.md", "title": "Suprasellar Mass, Child", "docid": "9c0d2762-4b8b-4ede-a9ca-859a789262da", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Suprasellar Mass, Child" ], "authors": [ { "key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a", "value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Suprasellar Mass, Child", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Location is important\n - Pituitary: Craniopharyngioma, Rathke cleft cy..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm_3c637054-d97c-4ae6-bc0c-ceac5f4a4f1f.md", "title": "Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm", "docid": "3c637054-d97c-4ae6-bc0c-ceac5f4a4f1f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b00d2bdb-66e1-41ed-90b4-c52904f4d598", "value": "Seth Kligerman, MD, MS" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Aortic dilatation > 50% of normal diameter\n - Etiology\n - Heritable syndromes with multisystem ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/alzheimer-disease_f71f5cf5-b1af-4c6d-b145-b4c10eec7b58.md", "title": "Alzheimer Disease", "docid": "f71f5cf5-b1af-4c6d-b145-b4c10eec7b58", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Dementias and Degenerative Disorders", "Alzheimer Disease" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Alzheimer Disease", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Alzheimer disease (AD)\n - Slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Cu..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/esophageal-dysmotility_f1b9adf6-19bc-4665-84c5-2bea0a766f31.md", "title": "Esophageal Dysmotility", "docid": "f1b9adf6-19bc-4665-84c5-2bea0a766f31", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Esophagus", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Esophageal Dysmotility" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Generic Imaging Patterns, Esophageal Dysmotility", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Manometry and barium esophagram are complementary\n- ## Helpful Clues for ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pseudocoarctation_a5a7c623-d5cb-4bb1-b628-986d9ca1f94a.md", "title": "Pseudocoarctation", "docid": "a5a7c623-d5cb-4bb1-b628-986d9ca1f94a", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Pseudocoarctation" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a354e6da-2757-40e8-b7ff-5e6fb6413ff6", "value": "Sachin S. Saboo, MD, FRCR, FSCMR" }, { "key": "b00d2bdb-66e1-41ed-90b4-c52904f4d598", "value": "Seth Kligerman, MD, MS" }, { "key": "0e97d53b-518f-493d-bcf9-236f6494f4c2", "value": "Carlos A. Rojas, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Pseudocoarctation", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Aortic arch elongation with kinking of thoracic aorta distal to origin of left subclavian artery at level o..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/external-nose_8a7dc886-ee95-48cd-96e3-af45978db516.md", "title": "External Nose", "docid": "8a7dc886-ee95-48cd-96e3-af45978db516", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Nose and Sinuses", "External Nose" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Nose and Sinuses, External Nose", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Frontal process of maxilla (FPM)\n - Anterior lacrimal crest (ALC)\n - Posterior lacrimal crest (..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pituitary-apoplexy_9bc4615c-db83-4773-a4a2-3cdb2ee76a71.md", "title": "Pituitary Apoplexy", "docid": "9bc4615c-db83-4773-a4a2-3cdb2ee76a71", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Neoplasms", "Pituitary Apoplexy" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Pituitary Apoplexy", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Acute clinical syndrome with headache, visual defects/ophthalmoplegia, altered mental status, variable en..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-fossa-neoplasm-pediatric_e0c7ab6d-9602-4bd6-a7e1-f1bd22d20516.md", "title": "Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Pediatric", "docid": "e0c7ab6d-9602-4bd6-a7e1-f1bd22d20516", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Pediatric" ], "authors": [ { "key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a", "value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Clinically Based Differentials, Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Pediatric", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Unlike adults, primary neoplasm is more common than metastases\n - Mo..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/hypertrophic-olivary-degeneration_78257543-6d52-4879-84b1-445f3611d996.md", "title": "Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration", "docid": "78257543-6d52-4879-84b1-445f3611d996", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Dementias and Degenerative Disorders", "Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Inferior olivary nucleus (ION) degeneration\n - Unique type of transsynaptic neuronal degeneration\n..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/adrenal-adenoma_e2916d86-5f9f-4dd3-9576-1a7b89d8dda0.md", "title": "Adrenal Adenoma", "docid": "e2916d86-5f9f-4dd3-9576-1a7b89d8dda0", "breadcrumbs": [ "Genitourinary", "Diagnosis", "Adrenal", "Benign Neoplasms", "Adrenal Adenoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c3463c5c-31d3-4489-bbfe-6b895abdb86d", "value": "Mitchell Tublin, MD" }, { "key": "b1738976-d5a8-48bc-a435-ed1434cd451a", "value": "Mark D. Sugi, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Genitourinary, Diagnosis, Adrenal, Benign Neoplasms, Adrenal Adenoma", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Well-circumscribed, uniform, low-attenuation, small adrenal mass \n - Low attenuation due to abundant i..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/sinonasal-overview_96e48393-354c-43bf-8fec-5bfa8d0abe8b.md", "title": "Sinonasal Overview", "docid": "96e48393-354c-43bf-8fec-5bfa8d0abe8b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Nose and Sinuses", "Sinonasal Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Nose and Sinuses, Sinonasal Overview", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Sinonasal (SN)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses (maxillary, frontal, eth..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/aortic-intramural-hematoma_128bc4cc-a26d-47d5-90e7-b1a1f608e657.md", "title": "Aortic Intramural Hematoma", "docid": "128bc4cc-a26d-47d5-90e7-b1a1f608e657", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Aortic Intramural Hematoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b66f94a2-4335-4ce8-a3ba-8c5527f8774c", "value": "Domenico Mastrodicasa, MD" }, { "key": "5de0df07-7b3e-4678-8767-1519e1153f29", "value": "Dominik Fleischmann, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Aortic Intramural Hematoma", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Intramural hematoma (IMH) (literally blood in wall) in its broadest sense refers to fresh thrombus/clot wit..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/multifocal-arterial-narrowing_761665cd-65e1-48e7-a539-1a5d7c148a6b.md", "title": "Multifocal Arterial Narrowing", "docid": "761665cd-65e1-48e7-a539-1a5d7c148a6b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Arteries", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Multifocal Arterial Narrowing" ], "authors": [ { "key": "2bca6b86-1eca-4e93-b997-4e18913686a7", "value": "Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS" }, { "key": "f6dcad15-b660-4243-a242-a9845c929101", "value": "J. Scott McNally, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Arteries, Anatomically Based Differentials, Multifocal Arterial Narrowing", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - **Clinical history major determinant of DDx (if available)**\n - ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-fossa-veins_7b5caf92-e4eb-4a23-ba29-45d1dbb1af65.md", "title": "Posterior Fossa Veins", "docid": "7b5caf92-e4eb-4a23-ba29-45d1dbb1af65", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Veins and Venous Sinuses", "Posterior Fossa Veins" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Veins and Venous Sinuses, Posterior Fossa Veins", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Vein of Galen (VofG)\n - Precentral cerebellar vein (PCV)\n - Anterior pontomesencephalic vein/ve..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/enlarged-cardiac-silhouette_13d59c6a-0f7f-4389-8d8c-f19ca039e446.md", "title": "Enlarged Cardiac Silhouette", "docid": "13d59c6a-0f7f-4389-8d8c-f19ca039e446", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Differential Diagnosis", "Enlarged Cardiac Silhouette" ], "authors": [ { "key": "df804626-c042-4296-96e3-836a6da50fd6", "value": "Gregory Kicska, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Differential Diagnosis, Enlarged Cardiac Silhouette", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Pericardial space fluid: Globular enlargement\n - Cardiac chamber enlar..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/extracranial-veins_83693722-9b65-4d3c-8f5b-88c9824b4252.md", "title": "Extracranial Veins", "docid": "83693722-9b65-4d3c-8f5b-88c9824b4252", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Veins and Venous Sinuses", "Extracranial Veins" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Veins and Venous Sinuses, Extracranial Veins", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Internal jugular vein (IJV)\n - Internal carotid artery (ICA)\n - Common carotid artery (CCA)\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-skull-base_b363fd64-a5af-4719-a285-71cdbec60f69.md", "title": "Posterior Skull Base", "docid": "b363fd64-a5af-4719-a285-71cdbec60f69", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Posterior Skull Base" ], "authors": [ { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Posterior Skull Base", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Posterior skull base (PSB)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Skull base (SB) posterior to dorsum sella an..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pineal-region_b8919938-2bad-4562-a94e-9ad05803b4d4.md", "title": "Pineal Region", "docid": "b8919938-2bad-4562-a94e-9ad05803b4d4", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Pineal Region" ], "authors": [ { "key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06", "value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Pineal Region", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Pineal gland, pineal body, epiphysis cerebri\n - Posterior commissure: Epithalamic commissure\n- ### Defi..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/miscellaneous-vasculitis_221f737a-6bfa-4331-b296-402e40973f7e.md", "title": "Miscellaneous Vasculitis", "docid": "221f737a-6bfa-4331-b296-402e40973f7e", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Stroke", "Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy", "Miscellaneous Vasculitis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy, Miscellaneous Vasculitis", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Heterogeneous group of CNS disorders\n - Characterized by nonatheromatous inflammation and necros..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/finger-in-glove-sign_81c5db2f-b8f6-4092-bcd2-ffb8aa3ab18a.md", "title": "Finger-in-Glove Sign", "docid": "81c5db2f-b8f6-4092-bcd2-ffb8aa3ab18a", "breadcrumbs": [ "Chest", "Differential Diagnosis", "Airways", "General Imaging Patterns", "Finger-in-Glove Sign" ], "authors": [ { "key": "fa682303-6426-4b97-8c60-783051febb88", "value": "Jorge Alberto Carrillo-Bayona, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Chest, Differential Diagnosis, Airways, General Imaging Patterns, Finger-in-Glove Sign", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Finger-in-glove sign: Mucoid impaction with resultant dilated or impacted..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/persistent-fifth-arch_931c64bc-e8a0-4a99-848b-1429f3c1d500.md", "title": "Persistent Fifth Arch", "docid": "931c64bc-e8a0-4a99-848b-1429f3c1d500", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Persistent Fifth Arch" ], "authors": [ { "key": "9fea2857-d729-4fe4-b4fd-3b7bf1db23cf", "value": "Mortadha Al-Kinani, MD, MBChB" }, { "key": "3d1e4c57-c1cf-4c89-b0f0-5d82b29a31e1", "value": "Suhny Abbara, MD, FACR, MSCCT, FNASCI" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Persistent Fifth Arch", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Rare congenital vascular anomaly\n - May be isolated or associated with other abnormalities\n - C..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/moyamoya_c820f6bf-ddb6-4e75-b0ca-61263ed63b21.md", "title": "Moyamoya", "docid": "c820f6bf-ddb6-4e75-b0ca-61263ed63b21", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Stroke", "Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy", "Moyamoya" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy, Moyamoya", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Progressive narrowing of distal ICA/proximal circle of Willis (COW) vessels with secondary collateralizatio..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/adem_7066708a-9349-472e-b210-849cca6426d7.md", "title": "ADEM", "docid": "7066708a-9349-472e-b210-849cca6426d7", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases", "Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease", "ADEM" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR" }, { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, ADEM", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Autoimmune-mediated white matter (WM) demyelination of brain &/or spinal cord, usually with remyelination..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/normal-aging-brain_2a315550-b2ea-4afe-a2ef-f93a2209f276.md", "title": "Normal Aging Brain", "docid": "2a315550-b2ea-4afe-a2ef-f93a2209f276", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Dementias and Degenerative Disorders", "Normal Aging Brain" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Normal Aging Brain", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - ↓ overall brain volume with advancing age\n - Reflected in relative ↑ CSF spaces\n- ## Imaging\n \n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/central-skull-base_2a489198-8130-4d47-8226-6970858ed6ed.md", "title": "Central Skull Base", "docid": "2a489198-8130-4d47-8226-6970858ed6ed", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Central Skull Base" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Central Skull Base", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Central skull base (CSB)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CSB: Skull base posterior to lesser wing of sp..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/takayasu-arteritis_d35eb6f3-bfd3-4121-8781-325a93ccc197.md", "title": "Takayasu Arteritis", "docid": "d35eb6f3-bfd3-4121-8781-325a93ccc197", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Takayasu Arteritis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "ee6ece9d-ad74-458c-a8df-11628ae7f879", "value": "Arzu Canan, MD" }, { "key": "3d1e4c57-c1cf-4c89-b0f0-5d82b29a31e1", "value": "Suhny Abbara, MD, FACR, MSCCT, FNASCI" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Takayasu Arteritis", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Takayasu arteritis (TA)\n - Pulseless disease\n - Chronic granulomatous vasculitis of large vessels\n- #..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/spondylolisthesis_d6814405-6860-4201-add1-bf7fc6887ffa.md", "title": "Spondylolisthesis", "docid": "d6814405-6860-4201-add1-bf7fc6887ffa", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Differential Diagnosis", "Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Spondylolisthesis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" }, { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Generic Imaging Patterns, Spondylolisthesis", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Spondylolisthesis → displacement of one vertebral body relative to anot..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/multiple-brain-hyperintensities-t2-flair-common_c4edb275-a180-4910-9cad-da08c1138784.md", "title": "Multiple Brain Hyperintensities (T2/FLAIR), Common", "docid": "c4edb275-a180-4910-9cad-da08c1138784", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Brain Parenchyma, General", "Modality-Specific Imaging Findings", "Multiple Brain Hyperintensities (T2/FLAIR), Common" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "30ce27b2-237f-4aff-a88f-65ead356335b", "value": "Marinos Kontzialis, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Brain Parenchyma, General, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Multiple Brain Hyperintensities (T2/FLAIR), Common", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Aging Brain, Normal**\n - White matter (WM) hyperintensities..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/chronic-posttraumatic-pseudoaneurysm_21837987-efb6-4218-90ff-22362f61a21d.md", "title": "Chronic Posttraumatic Pseudoaneurysm", "docid": "21837987-efb6-4218-90ff-22362f61a21d", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Chronic Posttraumatic Pseudoaneurysm" ], "authors": [ { "key": "10bb95ac-a27a-4ebe-833b-e59fea07734b", "value": "Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "5de0df07-7b3e-4678-8767-1519e1153f29", "value": "Dominik Fleischmann, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Chronic Posttraumatic Pseudoaneurysm", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Traumatic disruption of aortic wall that goes undiagnosed in acute setting\n - Chronic traumatic aortic i..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/guillain-barr-spectrum-disorders_c1f52a65-920e-4e28-8a75-07dfa208f290.md", "title": "Guillain-Barré Spectrum Disorders", "docid": "c1f52a65-920e-4e28-8a75-07dfa208f290", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease", "Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease", "Guillain-Barré Spectrum Disorders" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, Guillain-Barré Spectrum Disorders", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE)\n -..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/peritoneal-spaces-and-structures_9c50ad6a-e96b-44a1-93d1-a4e7de5212c2.md", "title": "Peritoneal Spaces and Structures", "docid": "9c50ad6a-e96b-44a1-93d1-a4e7de5212c2", "breadcrumbs": [ "Ultrasound", "Anatomy", "Abdomen", "Peritoneal Spaces and Structures" ], "authors": [ { "key": "07469ec4-05aa-4d65-a788-08b4d64048af", "value": "Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Ultrasound, Anatomy, Abdomen, Peritoneal Spaces and Structures", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n# TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ## Definitions\n \n \n - Peritoneal cavity: Potential space in abdomen between visceral and parietal peritoneum, usually containin..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/sella-pituitary-normal-variants_ad280a2d-6df3-4f2d-a195-623332ca7634.md", "title": "Sella/Pituitary Normal Variants", "docid": "ad280a2d-6df3-4f2d-a195-623332ca7634", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Sella/Pituitary Normal Variants" ], "authors": [ { "key": "318f80ab-6abb-4067-a809-2ebdaa5a30c9", "value": "Kalen Riley, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Sella/Pituitary Normal Variants", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Prior to evaluating sella/pituitary, essential to know patient age, sex\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/multiple-sclerosis_abe95a5e-394f-411b-aca6-72ab160a1d0d.md", "title": "Multiple Sclerosis", "docid": "abe95a5e-394f-411b-aca6-72ab160a1d0d", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases", "Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease", "Multiple Sclerosis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a", "value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD" }, { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, Multiple Sclerosis", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Idiopathic chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of CNS\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - Multiple perpendic..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/papillary-craniopharyngioma_5fc02283-a795-420b-8003-24a5e4616a5e.md", "title": "Papillary Craniopharyngioma", "docid": "5fc02283-a795-420b-8003-24a5e4616a5e", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Neoplasms", "Papillary Craniopharyngioma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Papillary Craniopharyngioma", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - 2 distinct tumor craniopharyngioma (CP) types in 2021 WHO: Adamantinomatous (AdCP) and papillary (PaCP)\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/lymphocytic-hypophysitis_f30774c3-cbd0-4ab3-b3d1-e0574106db1f.md", "title": "Lymphocytic Hypophysitis", "docid": "f30774c3-cbd0-4ab3-b3d1-e0574106db1f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Miscellaneous", "Lymphocytic Hypophysitis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "318f80ab-6abb-4067-a809-2ebdaa5a30c9", "value": "Kalen Riley, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Miscellaneous, Lymphocytic Hypophysitis", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Lymphocytic hypophysitis (LH)\n - Synonyms: Adenohypophysitis, primary hypophysitis, stalkitis\n - Idio..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-fossa-neoplasm-adult_99d60abd-c553-4a05-8eb3-90eaf4e9d959.md", "title": "Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Adult", "docid": "99d60abd-c553-4a05-8eb3-90eaf4e9d959", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Adult" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8bf951c6-3575-4f38-8878-17cd9d4f2d12", "value": "Tabassum A. Kennedy, MD" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Clinically Based Differentials, Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Adult", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - With exception of vestibular schwannoma (VS), posterior fossa (PF) neop..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/acute-cerebral-ischemia-infarction_a405285f-aaea-43ca-8dc4-6f8120eaabc1.md", "title": "Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction", "docid": "a405285f-aaea-43ca-8dc4-6f8120eaabc1", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Stroke", "Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction", "Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b", "value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction, Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Interrupted blood flow to brain resulting in cerebral ischemia/infarction\n - Stroke, brain attack = desc..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/elevated-or-deformed-hemidiaphragm_208baaa2-8772-4560-af34-46ce757edcb9.md", "title": "Elevated or Deformed Hemidiaphragm", "docid": "208baaa2-8772-4560-af34-46ce757edcb9", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Abdominal Wall", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Elevated or Deformed Hemidiaphragm" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Abdominal Wall, Anatomically Based Differentials, Elevated or Deformed Hemidiaphragm", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Axial CT suboptimal for distinguishing diaphragm from spleen, liver, and ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/spinocerbellar-ataxia_df64565a-5c8c-4387-879b-b341b655e478.md", "title": "Spinocerbellar Ataxia", "docid": "df64565a-5c8c-4387-879b-b341b655e478", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Dementias and Degenerative Disorders", "Spinocerbellar Ataxia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Spinocerbellar Ataxia", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA)\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Cerebellum atrophy always, brainstem often\n - Supr..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/inferior-frontal-gyrus-areas-44-45-47_e00b98ea-3eab-46e1-8606-533aacc5d5cd.md", "title": "Inferior Frontal Gyrus (Areas 44, 45, 47)", "docid": "e00b98ea-3eab-46e1-8606-533aacc5d5cd", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Inferior Frontal Gyrus (Areas 44, 45, 47)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Inferior Frontal Gyrus (Areas 44, 45, 47)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Area 44 (pars opercularis)\n - Most caudal inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), rostral to pr..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/normal-pressure-hydrocephalus_834ccc3e-2116-4295-8408-0ac9a06bd2ff.md", "title": "Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus", "docid": "834ccc3e-2116-4295-8408-0ac9a06bd2ff", "breadcrumbs": [ "Nuclear Medicine", "Central Nervous System", "Cerebrospinal Fluid", "Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus" ], "authors": [ { "key": "7dbc3b85-5978-457e-8a59-a8dc331117be", "value": "Valerie E. Stine, MD" }, { "key": "de666297-0c6b-4f26-8d19-b1cd374a148f", "value": "Paige Bennett, MD" }, { "key": "1f262abe-db83-4f18-99af-00bd3045cd4d", "value": "Marc Benayoun, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Nuclear Medicine, Central Nervous System, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH): Ventriculomegaly out of proportion to sulcal enlargement in setting of..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/mesenteric-vessels_79a4117f-773a-40b3-bdb5-b0195f84e087.md", "title": "Mesenteric Vessels", "docid": "79a4117f-773a-40b3-bdb5-b0195f84e087", "breadcrumbs": [ "Ultrasound", "Anatomy", "Abdomen", "Mesenteric Vessels" ], "authors": [ { "key": "738b847a-9cda-4cbd-ad90-2d1fdaecd4ca", "value": "Eric Turner, MD" }, { "key": "3c685430-58b7-4676-a18e-dd1c1de70f1a", "value": "Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH" }, { "key": "0817f9c9-9bce-42a9-aacc-5d18a3cd66be", "value": "Daniel Childers, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Ultrasound, Anatomy, Abdomen, Mesenteric Vessels", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n# IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ## Internal Contents\n \n \n - **Abdominal aorta**\n - Anatomy\n - Continuation of thoracic aorta begi..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cerebellum_277bd2bc-3694-4712-a040-f69956b0b4ff.md", "title": "Cerebellum", "docid": "277bd2bc-3694-4712-a040-f69956b0b4ff", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Infratentorial Brain", "Cerebellum" ], "authors": [ { "key": "4d7b64a2-00bd-47b1-9e98-1f3bd129a877", "value": "Giuseppe Barisano, MD" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Infratentorial Brain, Cerebellum", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Classic nomenclature (simplified nomenclature): Superior (tentorial), inferior (suboccipital), anterior (p..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/intratemporal-facial-nerve-enhancement_a3569ec5-a566-411d-877f-41ad832e3fd2.md", "title": "Intratemporal Facial Nerve Enhancement", "docid": "a3569ec5-a566-411d-877f-41ad832e3fd2", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Diagnosis", "Temporal Bone", "Intratemporal Facial Nerve", "Pseudolesions", "Intratemporal Facial Nerve Enhancement" ], "authors": [ { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Temporal Bone, Intratemporal Facial Nerve, Pseudolesions, Intratemporal Facial Nerve Enhancement", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - **Normal** contrast enhancement (CE) along course of intratemporal facial nerve (CNVII); typically subtle, ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/subarachnoid-spaces-cisterns_f56a0bc1-03b3-41fb-9c3f-535e09dccc07.md", "title": "Subarachnoid Spaces/Cisterns", "docid": "f56a0bc1-03b3-41fb-9c3f-535e09dccc07", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "CSF Spaces", "Subarachnoid Spaces/Cisterns" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06", "value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, CSF Spaces, Subarachnoid Spaces/Cisterns", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Subarachnoid spaces (SASs)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - SASs: Cerebrospinal fluid-filled spaces betw..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension_d7a0a1b6-1d94-473c-9fe9-021443969f9f.md", "title": "Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension", "docid": "d7a0a1b6-1d94-473c-9fe9-021443969f9f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Ventricles and Cisterns", "CSF Disorders", "Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, CSF Disorders, Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)\n - Pseudotumor cerebri\n - Benign intracranial hypertension..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortex-areas-9-46_7fc7626e-ab15-47aa-b12f-65414ac64fea.md", "title": "Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (Areas 9, 46)", "docid": "7fc7626e-ab15-47aa-b12f-65414ac64fea", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (Areas 9, 46)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (Areas 9, 46)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Middle frontal gyrus\n - Middle portion (medial and lateral) of superior frontal gyrus\n- ###..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/echogenic-material-in-gallbladder_b5081d1a-04fb-429d-af24-dc61d36412e4.md", "title": "Echogenic Material in Gallbladder", "docid": "b5081d1a-04fb-429d-af24-dc61d36412e4", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Gallbladder", "Modality-Specific Imaging Findings", "Ultrasound", "Echogenic Material in Gallbladder" ], "authors": [ { "key": "07469ec4-05aa-4d65-a788-08b4d64048af", "value": "Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR" }, { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Ultrasound, Echogenic Material in Gallbladder", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Cholelithiasis**\n - Highly reflective intraluminal structure ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cranial-nerves-overview_1edc42e3-5c31-42b9-b8b8-44cc3bd38432.md", "title": "Cranial Nerves Overview", "docid": "1edc42e3-5c31-42b9-b8b8-44cc3bd38432", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Cranial Nerves Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Cranial Nerves Overview", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Olfactory nerve (CNI)\n - Optic nerve (CNII)\n - Oculomotor nerve (CNIII)\n - Trochlear nerve (..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/trigeminal-nerve-cnv_06e99da6-48fc-45f4-a571-97d12a15f365.md", "title": "Trigeminal Nerve (CNV)", "docid": "06e99da6-48fc-45f4-a571-97d12a15f365", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Trigeminal Nerve (CNV) " ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD" }, { "key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809", "value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Trigeminal Nerve (CNV) ", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Trigeminal nerve (CNV)\n - Ophthalmic division, trigeminal nerve (CNV1)\n - Maxillary division, t..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/hemifacial-spasm_1b390143-1212-4447-beb3-ed9e85ef34e4.md", "title": "Hemifacial Spasm", "docid": "1b390143-1212-4447-beb3-ed9e85ef34e4", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa", "Clinically Based Differentials", "Hemifacial Spasm" ], "authors": [ { "key": "eef2f839-5706-47b9-89c3-60d8315b2b3a", "value": "Nicholas A. Koontz, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Clinically Based Differentials, Hemifacial Spasm", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Overall statistics\n - In > 95% of cases, **arterial vascular loo..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/marfan-syndrome_61d06223-8428-401c-89bc-d12205410726.md", "title": "Marfan Syndrome", "docid": "61d06223-8428-401c-89bc-d12205410726", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Marfan Syndrome" ], "authors": [ { "key": "9fea2857-d729-4fe4-b4fd-3b7bf1db23cf", "value": "Mortadha Al-Kinani, MD, MBChB" }, { "key": "10bb95ac-a27a-4ebe-833b-e59fea07734b", "value": "Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Marfan Syndrome", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Congenital systemic connective tissue disorder; skeletal, cardiovascular, and ocular abnormalities\n- ## Ima..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/limited-intimal-tear_bb253de9-ab48-4740-89bd-0036fb8c12f5.md", "title": "Limited Intimal Tear", "docid": "bb253de9-ab48-4740-89bd-0036fb8c12f5", "breadcrumbs": [ "Cardiac", "Diagnosis", "Aorta", "Limited Intimal Tear" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5de0df07-7b3e-4678-8767-1519e1153f29", "value": "Dominik Fleischmann, MD" }, { "key": "5a4d7c03-82a7-4740-947a-9638213aec4a", "value": "Mohammad H. Madani, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Limited Intimal Tear", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Limited tear, incomplete dissection, partial thickness tear, limited dissection\n - Limited tears of aort..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/granular-cell-tumor_c086da8c-6213-4e2b-853b-422bad8c0013.md", "title": "Granular Cell Tumor", "docid": "c086da8c-6213-4e2b-853b-422bad8c0013", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Neoplasms", "Granular Cell Tumor" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Granular Cell Tumor", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Neoplasms that arise from pituicytes, specialized glial cells of neurohypophysis or infundibulum\n - Ra..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cpa-iac-lipoma_37ef2fb6-7d7e-48dc-b786-16ed4475b26e.md", "title": "CPA-IAC Lipoma", "docid": "37ef2fb6-7d7e-48dc-b786-16ed4475b26e", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Diagnosis", "CPA-IAC", "Congenital Lesions", "CPA-IAC Lipoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "318f80ab-6abb-4067-a809-2ebdaa5a30c9", "value": "Kalen Riley, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "e0282a62-994d-4550-a127-1eb773b1e920", "value": "Blair A. Winegar, MD" }, { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, CPA-IAC, Congenital Lesions, CPA-IAC Lipoma", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Lipoma in CPA-IAC: Nonneoplastic mass of adipose tissue in CPA-IAC area\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - Focal, ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/lesion-at-pharyngoesophageal-junction_46de1145-6bac-41a4-aa57-3af411a79cd0.md", "title": "Lesion at Pharyngoesophageal Junction", "docid": "46de1145-6bac-41a4-aa57-3af411a79cd0", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Esophagus", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Lesion at Pharyngoesophageal Junction" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Generic Imaging Patterns, Lesion at Pharyngoesophageal Junction", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Determine which side(s) of lumen are indented\n - Cricopharyngeal..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/anterior-cingulate-cortex-areas-24-32-33_c60713f5-bab5-417f-a144-94bd6751ca2e.md", "title": "Anterior Cingulate Cortex (Areas 24, 32, 33)", "docid": "c60713f5-bab5-417f-a144-94bd6751ca2e", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Anterior Cingulate Cortex (Areas 24, 32, 33)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Anterior Cingulate Cortex (Areas 24, 32, 33)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Cingulate gyrus from genu of corpus callosum to level of marginal sulcus\n - Area 33: Callos..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/hypothalamus-lesion_0fc29bff-9f20-4e19-a436-04c7791e3972.md", "title": "Hypothalamus Lesion", "docid": "0fc29bff-9f20-4e19-a436-04c7791e3972", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Hypothalamus Lesion" ], "authors": [ { "key": "318f80ab-6abb-4067-a809-2ebdaa5a30c9", "value": "Kalen Riley, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a", "value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Hypothalamus Lesion", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Anatomic essentials\n - Hypothalamus lies below level of anterior..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/fragile-x-associated-tremor-ataxia-fxtas_4778fafe-9873-4c28-8f4f-299c00c72b50.md", "title": "Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia (FXTAS)", "docid": "4778fafe-9873-4c28-8f4f-299c00c72b50", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Dementias and Degenerative Disorders", "Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia (FXTAS)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia (FXTAS)", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS)\n - X-linked progressive neurodegenerative disorder c..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/autoimmune-encephalitis_6eb3d5d6-7f6a-4367-a792-b5d4b19675da.md", "title": "Autoimmune Encephalitis", "docid": "6eb3d5d6-7f6a-4367-a792-b5d4b19675da", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease", "Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease", "Autoimmune Encephalitis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, Autoimmune Encephalitis", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Autoimmune encephalitis (AE): Immune-mediated disease with antibody-mediated inflammation of brain\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/status-epilepticus_a058b733-4b80-46a1-8097-d68685ecf921.md", "title": "Status Epilepticus", "docid": "a058b733-4b80-46a1-8097-d68685ecf921", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders", "Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations", "Status Epilepticus" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Status Epilepticus", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Seizure with ≥ 5 minutes continuous clinical &/or electrographic seizure activity, or recurrent seizure act..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/distended-gallbladder_bad88f22-25a6-4a95-9a31-9a940e7045c8.md", "title": "Distended Gallbladder", "docid": "bad88f22-25a6-4a95-9a31-9a940e7045c8", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Gallbladder", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Distended Gallbladder" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Generic Imaging Patterns, Distended Gallbladder", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - No absolute size criteria, but gallbladder (GB) considered distended when..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cystic-cpa-mass_6c60db6d-8093-4df5-8cbb-c6f6570ae167.md", "title": "Cystic CPA Mass", "docid": "6c60db6d-8093-4df5-8cbb-c6f6570ae167", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Cystic CPA Mass" ], "authors": [ { "key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06", "value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Generic Imaging Patterns, Cystic CPA Mass", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - This differential diagnosis is constructed around lesions of cerebellopon..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/adem_a3fafeb7-5861-4364-beb8-c0e30220564e.md", "title": "ADEM", "docid": "a3fafeb7-5861-4364-beb8-c0e30220564e", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease", "Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease", "ADEM" ], "authors": [ { "key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01", "value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD" }, { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, ADEM", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Autoimmune-mediated white matter (WM) demyelination of brain &/or spinal cord, usually with remyelination\n-..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pterygopalatine-fossa_8028d3aa-f348-48e4-b364-f793ca6aac88.md", "title": "Pterygopalatine Fossa", "docid": "8028d3aa-f348-48e4-b364-f793ca6aac88", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Nose and Sinuses", "Pterygopalatine Fossa" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Nose and Sinuses, Pterygopalatine Fossa", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Pterygopalatine fossa (PPF)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Less commonly known as sphenopalatine fossa\n- ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/social-brain-anatomy_0352d34a-5966-494e-b9c3-c26bde257bca.md", "title": "Social Brain Anatomy", "docid": "0352d34a-5966-494e-b9c3-c26bde257bca", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Brain Network Anatomy", "Social Brain Anatomy" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Social Brain Anatomy", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Title", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - A distributed set of brain regions are thought to participate in social cognition, each contributing f..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pituitary-microadenoma-pituitary-neuroendocrine-tumor_ff665ceb-8936-4259-84b0-7a568e53890f.md", "title": "Pituitary Microadenoma/Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor", "docid": "ff665ceb-8936-4259-84b0-7a568e53890f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Neoplasms", "Pituitary Microadenoma/Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Pituitary Microadenoma/Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Microadenoma: ≤ 10 mm in diameter\n - Pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) newest term\n- ### Imaging..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/aqueductal-stenosis_6dfa6261-3945-4606-850b-51484d05e70c.md", "title": "Aqueductal Stenosis", "docid": "6dfa6261-3945-4606-850b-51484d05e70c", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Ventricles and Cisterns", "Hydrocephalus", "Aqueductal Stenosis" ], "authors": [ { "key": "2c9d2e67-05db-4d26-b8cb-02e0f7566179", "value": "Usha D. Nagaraj, MD" }, { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Hydrocephalus, Aqueductal Stenosis", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Aqueductal stenosis (AS)\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Ventriculomegaly of lateral and 3rd ventricles with norma..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/ventriculomegaly_f40bd6eb-e7e5-498a-8bde-ad6bcd546f21.md", "title": "Ventriculomegaly", "docid": "f40bd6eb-e7e5-498a-8bde-ad6bcd546f21", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Ventricles, Periventricular Regions", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Ventriculomegaly" ], "authors": [ { "key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b", "value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Ventricles, Periventricular Regions, Generic Imaging Patterns, Ventriculomegaly", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - 2 main causes of ventriculomegaly\n - ↑ CSF pressures → hydroceph..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/inferior-parietal-lobule-areas-39-40_5435aba9-fa7f-48fb-b292-0f69309f31d6.md", "title": "Inferior Parietal Lobule (Areas 39, 40)", "docid": "5435aba9-fa7f-48fb-b292-0f69309f31d6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Inferior Parietal Lobule (Areas 39, 40)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Inferior Parietal Lobule (Areas 39, 40)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Area 39 (angular gyrus)\n - Caudal inferior parietal lobule\n - Area 40 (supramargin..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/dilated-gallbladder_e247f853-a5c2-4535-b071-33f6b89acd80.md", "title": "Dilated Gallbladder", "docid": "e247f853-a5c2-4535-b071-33f6b89acd80", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Gallbladder", "Modality-Specific Imaging Findings", "Ultrasound", "Dilated Gallbladder" ], "authors": [ { "key": "07469ec4-05aa-4d65-a788-08b4d64048af", "value": "Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR" }, { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Ultrasound, Dilated Gallbladder", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Determine whether gallbladder is obstructed\n - Look for intrinsi..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cniv-trochlear-nerve_52486223-9cb5-43f5-b9af-c46431ae6637.md", "title": "CNIV (Trochlear Nerve)", "docid": "52486223-9cb5-43f5-b9af-c46431ae6637", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Cranial Nerves", "CNIV (Trochlear Nerve)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD" }, { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNIV (Trochlear Nerve)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Trochlear nerve: CNIV\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 4th cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CNIV..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cnvi-abducens-nerve_923d7c4a-93a3-42ba-b8db-c7b15348e473.md", "title": "CNVI (Abducens Nerve)", "docid": "923d7c4a-93a3-42ba-b8db-c7b15348e473", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Cranial Nerves", "CNVI (Abducens Nerve)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607", "value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD" }, { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNVI (Abducens Nerve)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Abducens nerve (CNVI)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 6th cranial nerve\n - CN6\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/focal-gallbladder-wall-thickening_b99e87cb-a7dd-47db-9598-f27cee84435b.md", "title": "Focal Gallbladder Wall Thickening", "docid": "b99e87cb-a7dd-47db-9598-f27cee84435b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Gallbladder", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Focal Gallbladder Wall Thickening" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Generic Imaging Patterns, Focal Gallbladder Wall Thickening", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Normal gallbladder (GB) wall measures ≤ 3 mm and appears as thin, echogen..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/intracranial-arteries-overview_d5966ea0-e68e-49f5-975b-0cf2b16c0b5b.md", "title": "Intracranial Arteries Overview", "docid": "d5966ea0-e68e-49f5-975b-0cf2b16c0b5b", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Intracranial Arteries", "Intracranial Arteries Overview" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" }, { "key": "4d7b64a2-00bd-47b1-9e98-1f3bd129a877", "value": "Giuseppe Barisano, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Intracranial Arteries Overview", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Anterior, middle, posterior cerebral arteries (ACA, MCA, PCA)\n - Anterior, posterior communicating..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/enlarged-vertebral-body-posterior-element_4226bd04-9c75-416a-b59f-a7d2d1cd3113.md", "title": "Enlarged Vertebral Body/Posterior Element", "docid": "4226bd04-9c75-416a-b59f-a7d2d1cd3113", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Differential Diagnosis", "Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Enlarged Vertebral Body/Posterior Element" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Generic Imaging Patterns, Enlarged Vertebral Body/Posterior Element", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Osteoblastoma should always be considered in differential diagnosis of ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/parenchymal-metastases_2cf0bd40-4597-4c0b-83e4-74340304b98f.md", "title": "Parenchymal Metastases", "docid": "2cf0bd40-4597-4c0b-83e4-74340304b98f", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Neoplasms", "Metastatic Tumors", "Parenchymal Metastases" ], "authors": [ { "key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6", "value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA" }, { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Neoplasms, Metastatic Tumors, Parenchymal Metastases", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Secondary brain tumors (metastases) arise from\n - Tumors outside CNS spreading to CNS\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/vertebral-body-t1-hypointense-signal-focal_f114c019-a06b-4718-a813-da44516bedbf.md", "title": "Vertebral Body, T1-Hypointense Signal, Focal", "docid": "f114c019-a06b-4718-a813-da44516bedbf", "breadcrumbs": [ "Spine", "Differential Diagnosis", "Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements", "Modality-Specific Imaging Findings", "Vertebral Body, T1-Hypointense Signal, Focal" ], "authors": [ { "key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439", "value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD" }, { "key": "bf7af3a5-468c-48d0-8aea-4f6e808af979", "value": "Bryson Borg, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Vertebral Body, T1-Hypointense Signal, Focal", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Helpful Clues for Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Basivertebral Vein**\n - Linear or triangular structure projecting ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/masticator-space-cnv3-perineural-tumor_164c3453-bb5e-47de-bc50-ad96628e0d57.md", "title": "Masticator Space CNV3 Perineural Tumor", "docid": "164c3453-bb5e-47de-bc50-ad96628e0d57", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Diagnosis", "Masticator Space", "Malignant Tumors", "Masticator Space CNV3 Perineural Tumor" ], "authors": [ { "key": "530afd4d-6f67-4edf-8925-dd23ebf434f3", "value": "Jaclyn E. Thiessen, MD" }, { "key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06", "value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Masticator Space, Malignant Tumors, Masticator Space CNV3 Perineural Tumor", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Perineural tumor (PNT) of masticator space (MS) is malignant spread along CNV3 (mandibular branch of trig..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cpa-iac-facial-nerve-schwannoma_9db01630-23a4-4f42-ad83-0ec399503495.md", "title": "CPA-IAC Facial Nerve Schwannoma", "docid": "9db01630-23a4-4f42-ad83-0ec399503495", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Diagnosis", "CPA-IAC", "Benign and Malignant Tumors", "CPA-IAC Facial Nerve Schwannoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06", "value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD" }, { "key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915", "value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, CPA-IAC, Benign and Malignant Tumors, CPA-IAC Facial Nerve Schwannoma", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Facial nerve schwannoma (FNS): Rare, benign tumor of Schwann cells that surround CNVII in CPA-IAC ± labyrin..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/esophageal-strictures_965271b9-17ed-40ce-adba-d237b9f28f99.md", "title": "Esophageal Strictures", "docid": "965271b9-17ed-40ce-adba-d237b9f28f99", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Esophagus", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Esophageal Strictures" ], "authors": [ { "key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf", "value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR" }, { "key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Generic Imaging Patterns, Esophageal Strictures", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - History is key (e.g., radiation therapy, caustic or drug ingestion, bone ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cadasil_cd432d21-494c-4410-b608-5b03cc8ada3a.md", "title": "CADASIL", "docid": "cd432d21-494c-4410-b608-5b03cc8ada3a", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Pathology-Based Diagnoses", "Stroke", "Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy", "CADASIL" ], "authors": [ { "key": "cdbaaa96-a7b4-4498-a355-a2823a7d9e26", "value": "Kelly A. Dahlstrom, DO" }, { "key": "2bca6b86-1eca-4e93-b997-4e18913686a7", "value": "Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS" }, { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy, CADASIL", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)\n ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/biliary-strictures-multiple_7d85bca2-14b8-4a55-8ba4-ded2672122d6.md", "title": "Biliary Strictures, Multiple", "docid": "7d85bca2-14b8-4a55-8ba4-ded2672122d6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Gastrointestinal", "Differential Diagnosis", "Biliary Tract", "Generic Imaging Patterns", "Biliary Strictures, Multiple" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45", "value": "Siva P. Raman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Biliary Tract, Generic Imaging Patterns, Biliary Strictures, Multiple", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Sclerosing cholangitis is general term for disorders which result in fibr..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pheochromocytoma_7d3c4062-643c-4030-8783-f85184ad8132.md", "title": "Pheochromocytoma", "docid": "7d3c4062-643c-4030-8783-f85184ad8132", "breadcrumbs": [ "Genitourinary", "Diagnosis", "Adrenal", "Benign Neoplasms", "Pheochromocytoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c3463c5c-31d3-4489-bbfe-6b895abdb86d", "value": "Mitchell Tublin, MD" }, { "key": "b1738976-d5a8-48bc-a435-ed1434cd451a", "value": "Mark D. Sugi, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Genitourinary, Diagnosis, Adrenal, Benign Neoplasms, Pheochromocytoma", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Tumor arising from chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla or extraadrenal paraganglia\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n -..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/optic-nerve-cnii_54712d62-1940-4028-8161-4cfd3c4dbb20.md", "title": "Optic Nerve (CNII)", "docid": "54712d62-1940-4028-8161-4cfd3c4dbb20", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Skull Base and Cranial Nerves", "Optic Nerve (CNII)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" }, { "key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809", "value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Optic Nerve (CNII)", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Optic nerve (CNII)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 2nd cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CNII: N..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/sensorimotor-network_e1563250-4c6c-4730-bbad-4430ae16a5c6.md", "title": "Sensorimotor Network", "docid": "e1563250-4c6c-4730-bbad-4430ae16a5c6", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Functional MRI", "Functional Network Anatomy", "Sensorimotor Network" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Functional MRI, Functional Network Anatomy, Sensorimotor Network", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Includes primary somatosensory and primary motor cortex, motor and sensory association cortex, subcort..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/mandible-and-maxilla_ae7d5e64-7b7e-47b8-aba2-9cfc79dad716.md", "title": "Mandible and Maxilla", "docid": "ae7d5e64-7b7e-47b8-aba2-9cfc79dad716", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Anatomy", "Face", "Mandible and Maxilla" ], "authors": [ { "key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915", "value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD" }, { "key": "20008105-51da-4bbf-aba6-e8253b2d9c21", "value": "Daniel E. Meltzer, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Face, Mandible and Maxilla", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Angle of mandible: Obtuse angle of mandible where inferior segment of ramus meets posterior mandible bo..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/facial-nerve-lesion-temporal-bone_1428754b-a8ee-48a0-98f8-4faeebf8dbab.md", "title": "Facial Nerve Lesion, Temporal Bone", "docid": "1428754b-a8ee-48a0-98f8-4faeebf8dbab", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Differential Diagnosis", "Temporal Bone", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Facial Nerve Lesion, Temporal Bone" ], "authors": [ { "key": "eef2f839-5706-47b9-89c3-60d8315b2b3a", "value": "Nicholas A. Koontz, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Temporal Bone, Anatomically Based Differentials, Facial Nerve Lesion, Temporal Bone", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Differential diagnosis considerations\n - Differential diagnosis ..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/adrenal-myelolipoma_5813a554-06a4-4696-af71-7ce50693039d.md", "title": "Adrenal Myelolipoma", "docid": "5813a554-06a4-4696-af71-7ce50693039d", "breadcrumbs": [ "Genitourinary", "Diagnosis", "Adrenal", "Benign Neoplasms", "Adrenal Myelolipoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "c3463c5c-31d3-4489-bbfe-6b895abdb86d", "value": "Mitchell Tublin, MD" }, { "key": "3d84d682-9451-4b02-99b2-e34970a5b440", "value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Genitourinary, Diagnosis, Adrenal, Benign Neoplasms, Adrenal Myelolipoma", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Uncommon benign tumor composed of mature fat tissue and hematopoietic elements (myeloid and erythroid cells..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/temporal-pole-area-38_b94ee206-3e95-46ef-ae12-46e0712d0f03.md", "title": "Temporal Pole (Area 38)", "docid": "b94ee206-3e95-46ef-ae12-46e0712d0f03", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy", "Temporal Pole (Area 38)" ], "authors": [ { "key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0", "value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD" }, { "key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf", "value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Temporal Pole (Area 38)", "reasons": [ "Authors", "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Most rostral portion of temporal lobes\n - Present only in humans and nonhuman primates\n- ##..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/cranial-meninges_3210cf7d-5be6-4741-a11d-dd7f8c1bc286.md", "title": "Cranial Meninges", "docid": "3210cf7d-5be6-4741-a11d-dd7f8c1bc286", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Anatomy", "Scalp, Skull, and Meninges", "Cranial Meninges" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Scalp, Skull, and Meninges, Cranial Meninges", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords", "Type" ], "snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - \"Pachymeninges\" (thick meninges): Dura\n - Leptomeninges (thin meninges): Arachnoid, pia\n - Extrad..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pineal-region-mass-general_7eb4aa6f-a67b-4ed2-adee-469808038024.md", "title": "Pineal Region Mass, General", "docid": "7eb4aa6f-a67b-4ed2-adee-469808038024", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Differential Diagnosis", "Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region", "Anatomically Based Differentials", "Pineal Region Mass, General" ], "authors": [ { "key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a", "value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD" }, { "key": "83f867a5-a183-4396-82ea-384015da4d2f", "value": "Gregory L. Katzman, MD, MBA" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Pineal Region Mass, General", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Quadrigeminal cistern\n - Bounded by quadrigeminal plate, spleniu..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/skull-base-chondrosarcoma_d52746d2-9761-43a6-8f47-a2ccc01d612d.md", "title": "Skull Base Chondrosarcoma", "docid": "d52746d2-9761-43a6-8f47-a2ccc01d612d", "breadcrumbs": [ "Head and Neck", "Diagnosis", "Skull Base Lesions", "Diffuse or Multifocal Skull Base Disease", "Skull Base Chondrosarcoma" ], "authors": [ { "key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605", "value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD" } ], "pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Skull Base Lesions, Diffuse or Multifocal Skull Base Disease, Skull Base Chondrosarcoma", "reasons": [ "Content" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Skull base chondrosarcoma (CSa-SB): Chondroid malignancy of skull base\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Typical loc..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/granular-cell-tumor_da976b04-85a3-4bf8-ac81-e579f081293e.md", "title": "Granular Cell Tumor", "docid": "da976b04-85a3-4bf8-ac81-e579f081293e", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Neoplasms", "Granular Cell Tumor" ], "authors": [ { "key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79", "value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Granular Cell Tumor", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Neoplasms that arise from pituicytes, specialized glial cells of neurohypophysis or infundibulum\n - Rare..." }, { "path": "docs_md/articles/pituitary-hyperplasia_9696bc9e-f00b-4fa7-aa67-f039efd8fbed.md", "title": "Pituitary Hyperplasia", "docid": "9696bc9e-f00b-4fa7-aa67-f039efd8fbed", "breadcrumbs": [ "Brain", "Diagnosis", "Anatomy-Based Diagnoses", "Sella and Pituitary", "Miscellaneous", "Pituitary Hyperplasia" ], "authors": [ { "key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850", "value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR" } ], "pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Miscellaneous, Pituitary Hyperplasia", "reasons": [ "Breadcrumbs", "Content", "Keywords" ], "snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Normal maximal pituitary height varies with age, sex\n - Pregnant/lactating females: 12 mm\n ..." } ]