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title, docid, authors, breadcrumbs, category, documentVersionId, imageCount, lastUpdated, pageDescription, pageKeywords, pageTitle, enhancedTitle, type, references, breadcrumbs
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Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19) 76427a0b-090a-4381-9add-c4181f069f94
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15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0 Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD
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7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf Jared A. Nielsen, PhD
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Supratentorial Brain Anatomy supratentorial-brain-anatomy 8cace146-9f8c-4fb4-b034-e74d389d28df
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Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19) primary-visual-and-visual-associat- null
Brain 86b8a576-dccb-4a01-b621-80699171d4dc 57 10/20/20 Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19) Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19) Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19) | STATdx Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19) ANATOMY true
Brain
Anatomy
Supratentorial Brain Anatomy
Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19)

title: "Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19)" docid: "76427a0b-090a-4381-9add-c4181f069f94" authors:

  • key: "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0" value: "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
  • key: "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf" value: "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD" breadcrumbs:
  • name: "Brain" slug: "brain" treeNodeId: "0361042c-9c90-48e4-864e-a2e6428ee9c9"
  • name: "Anatomy" slug: "anatomy" treeNodeId: "a686f22f-27cc-457e-9479-2ef35e94647f"
  • name: "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy" slug: "supratentorial-brain-anatomy" treeNodeId: "8cace146-9f8c-4fb4-b034-e74d389d28df"
  • name: "Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19)" slug: "primary-visual-and-visual-associat-" treeNodeId: null category: "Brain" documentVersionId: "86b8a576-dccb-4a01-b621-80699171d4dc" imageCount: 57 lastUpdated: "10/20/20" pageDescription: "Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19)" pageKeywords: "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19)" pageTitle: "Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19) | STATdx" enhancedTitle: "Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19)" type: "ANATOMY" references: true breadcrumbs:
  • "Brain"
  • "Anatomy"
  • "Supratentorial Brain Anatomy"
  • "Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19)"

Location and Boundaries

  • Location

    • Occipital lobe - Lingual gyrus - Cuneus - Occipital pole - Posterior portion of fusiform gyrus - Superior occipital gyrus - Middle occipital gyrus - Inferior occipital gyrus - Descending occipital gyrus

  • Boundaries

    • Medial: Parietooccipital sulcus
    • Ventral: Preoccipital notch
    • Lateral: Arbitrary line connecting preoccipital notch and superior extent of parietooccipital sulcus
    • Surrounded by superior parietal lobule (area 7), posterior cingulate cortex (area 30), inferior temporal gyrus (area 20), fusiform gyrus (area 37), and angular gyrus (area 39)

Function

  • Vision

    • Edge detection
    • Orientation selective
    • Perception of motion
    • Color perception
    • As visual information progresses down visual processing streams (i.e., "where" or "how" path from areas 17, 18, and 19 into parietal cortex and "what" path from areas 17, 18, and 19 into temporal cortex), binding of visual features into single coherent percept occurs
    • Retinotopic map exists in primary visual cortex (area 17), and similar maps exist in association visual cortex (areas 18 and 19)

Structural Connections

  • Cortical

    • Superior parietal lobule (areas 5 and 7) via cingulum
    • Temporal pole (area 38), anterior inferior temporal gyrus (area 20), anterior middle temporal gyrus (area 21), and parahippocampal gyrus (areas 28, 35, and 36) via inferior longitudinal fasciculus
    • Inferior frontal gyrus (areas 44, 45, and 47), orbitofrontal cortex (area 11), and frontal pole (area 10) via inferior frontooccipital fasciculus

  • Subcortical

    • Lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus
    • Hippocampus and amygdala via inferior longitudinal fasciculus
    • Pulvinar nucleus of thalamus

Functional Connections

  • Coactive Regions

    • Supplementary motor area (area 6)
    • Premotor cortex (area 6)
    • Frontal eye fields (area 6)
    • Anterior cingulate cortex (areas 24, 32, and 33)
    • Superior temporal gyrus (area 22)
    • Inferior frontal gyrus (areas 44, 45, and 47)
    • Fusiform gyrus (area 37)
    • Cerebellum
    • Thalamus
    • Intraparietal sulcus (areas 5 and 7)

  • Associated Literature Keywords (NeuroSynth)

    • Visual, motion, perception, videos, biological, object, body, eye, attention, distractors

Areas 17-, 18-, 19-Associated Disorders

  • Cortical Vision Loss

    • Blindness in part of or across entire visual field, depending on extent of lesion
    • Blindness occurs in visual field opposite to side of lesion

cfba11a0-b77e-445c-80da-53995b530de3

References

Selected References

  1. Han Y et al: The logic of single-cell projections from visual cortex. Nature. 556(7699):51-6, 2018
  2. Iacaruso MF et al: Synaptic organization of visual space in primary visual cortex. Nature. 547(7664):449-52, 2017
  3. Weiner KS et al: The cytoarchitecture of domain-specific regions in human high-level visual cortex. Cereb Cortex. 27(1):146-61, 2017
  4. Cross ES et al: The influence of visual training on predicting complex action sequences. Hum Brain Mapp. 34(2):467-86, 2013
  5. Kujovic M et al: Cytoarchitectonic mapping of the human dorsal extrastriate cortex. Brain Struct Funct. 218(1):157-72, 2013
  6. Bedny M et al: A sensitive period for language in the visual cortex: distinct patterns of plasticity in congenitally versus late blind adults. Brain Lang. 122(3):162-70, 2012
  7. Brooks SJ et al: Exposure to subliminal arousing stimuli induces robust activation in the amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate, insular cortex and primary visual cortex: a systematic meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Neuroimage. 59(3):2962-73, 2012
  8. Kuchinsky SE et al: Word intelligibility and age predict visual cortex activity during word listening. Cereb Cortex. 22(6):1360-71, 2012
  9. Langner R et al: Staying responsive to the world: modality-specific and -nonspecific contributions to speeded auditory, tactile, and visual stimulus detection. Hum Brain Mapp. 33(2):398-418, 2012
  10. Samson F et al: Enhanced visual functioning in autism: an ALE meta-analysis. Hum Brain Mapp. 33(7):1553-81, 2012
  11. Schölvinck ML et al: The influence of spontaneous activity on stimulus processing in primary visual cortex. Neuroimage. 59(3):2700-8, 2012
  12. Van Essen DC et al: Parcellations and hemispheric asymmetries of human cerebral cortex analyzed on surface-based atlases. Cereb Cortex. 22(10):2241-62, 2012
  13. Chapman CS et al: Mental blocks: fMRI reveals top-down modulation of early visual cortex when obstacles interfere with grasp planning. Neuropsychologia. 49(7):1703-17, 2011
  14. Marcus DS et al: Informatics and data mining tools and strategies for the human connectome project. Front Neuroinform. 5:4, 2011
  15. Schmid C et al: The neural basis of visual dominance in the context of audio-visual object processing. Neuroimage. 55(1):304-11, 2011
  16. Szwed M et al: Specialization for written words over objects in the visual cortex. Neuroimage. 56(1):330-44, 2011
  17. Rottschy C et al: Ventral visual cortex in humans: cytoarchitectonic mapping of two extrastriate areas. Hum Brain Mapp. 28(10):1045-59, 2007
  18. Amunts K et al: Brodmann's areas 17 and 18 brought into stereotaxic space-where and how variable? Neuroimage. 11(1):66-84, 2000

Images

Visual Cortex: Location and Coactivation

Sagittal and axial slices from a cytoarchitectonic map of the visual cortex is shown. This quantitative probabilistic map was derived from postmortem human brains and is specific to cellular properties unique to areas 17 and 18 (data source: SPM Anatomy toolbox). Sagittal and axial slices from a cytoarchitectonic map of the visual cortex is shown. This quantitative probabilistic map was derived from postmortem human brains and is specific to cellular properties unique to areas 17 and 18 (data source: SPM Anatomy toolbox).

Sagittal and axial slices from a cytoarchitectonic map of the visual cortex is shown. This quantitative probabilistic map was derived from postmortem human brains and is specific to cellular properties unique to areas 17 and 18 (data source: SPM Anatomy toolbox). Sagittal and axial slices from a cytoarchitectonic map of the visual cortex is shown. This quantitative probabilistic map was derived from postmortem human brains and is specific to cellular properties unique to areas 17 and 18 (data source: SPM Anatomy toolbox).

Coactivation map of the visual cortex shows brain regions that reliably activate in published studies with high loading of the term "visual" in over 4,000 studies from the NeuroSynth database. Coactivation map of the visual cortex shows brain regions that reliably activate in published studies with high loading of the term "visual" in over 4,000 studies from the NeuroSynth database.

Visual Cortex: Functional Connectivity

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,016 typically developing volunteers (ages 18-30) from the 1,000 Functional Connectomes and ADHD-200 datasets. The image shows the correlation to a seed region in bilateral Brodmann areas 17, 18, and 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. Image was created using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,016 typically developing volunteers (ages 18-30) from the 1,000 Functional Connectomes and ADHD-200 datasets. The image shows the correlation to a seed region in bilateral Brodmann areas 17, 18, and 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. Image was created using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Surface renderings show the correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Surface renderings show the correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional Connectivity to Visual Cortex

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show the correlation to a seed region in the bilateral Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show the correlation to a seed region in the bilateral Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB.

Visual Cortex: Location and subregions

Ventral surface rendering of a cytoarchitectonic map of the visual cortex shows a quantitative probabilistic map, derived from postmortem human brains, that is specific to cellular properties unique to areas 17, 18, and 19 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer). Ventral surface rendering of a cytoarchitectonic map of the visual cortex shows a quantitative probabilistic map, derived from postmortem human brains, that is specific to cellular properties unique to areas 17, 18, and 19 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer).

Medial surface rendering of a cytoarchitectonic map of the visual cortex shows a quantitative probabilistic map, derived from postmortem human brains, that is specific to cellular properties unique to areas 17, 18, and 19 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer). Medial surface rendering of a cytoarchitectonic map of the visual cortex shows a quantitative probabilistic map, derived from postmortem human brains, that is specific to cellular properties unique to areas 17, 18, and 19 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer).

Caudal surface-rendered map of the visual cortex is shaded in yellow (areas 17 and 18) and gold (area 19) (data source: Connectome Workbench). Caudal surface-rendered map of the visual cortex is shaded in yellow (areas 17 and 18) and gold (area 19) (data source: Connectome Workbench).

Functional Visual Subregions

Medial surface-rendered map of the visual cortex is shaded in yellow (areas 17 and 18) and gold (area 19) (data source: Connectome Workbench). Medial surface-rendered map of the visual cortex is shaded in yellow (areas 17 and 18) and gold (area 19) (data source: Connectome Workbench).

Medial surface-rendered view created with FreeSurfer software from a single subject's data shows primary visual cortex (V1, red) and extrastriate visual cortex (V2/V3, blue). Medial surface-rendered view created with FreeSurfer software from a single subject's data shows primary visual cortex (V1, red) and extrastriate visual cortex (V2/V3, blue).

Lateral surface-rendered view created with FreeSurfer software from a single subject's data shows extrastriate visual cortex (V2/V3, blue) and area V5/MT (yellow). Lateral surface-rendered view created with FreeSurfer software from a single subject's data shows extrastriate visual cortex (V2/V3, blue) and area V5/MT (yellow).

Additional Images

Ventral surface rendering of cytoarchitectonic map of visual cortex is shown, representing quantitative probabilistic map derived from postmortem human brains that is specific to cellular properties unique to area 19 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer). Ventral surface rendering of cytoarchitectonic map of visual cortex is shown, representing quantitative probabilistic map derived from postmortem human brains that is specific to cellular properties unique to area 19 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer).

Medial surface rendering of cytoarchitectonic map of visual cortex is shown, representing quantitative probabilistic map derived from postmortem human brains that is specific to cellular properties unique to area 19 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer). Medial surface rendering of cytoarchitectonic map of visual cortex is shown, representing quantitative probabilistic map derived from postmortem human brains that is specific to cellular properties unique to area 19 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer).

Posterior surface rendering of cytoarchitectonic map of visual cortex is shown, representing quantitative probabilistic map derived from postmortem human brains that is specific to cellular properties unique to area 18 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer). Posterior surface rendering of cytoarchitectonic map of visual cortex is shown, representing quantitative probabilistic map derived from postmortem human brains that is specific to cellular properties unique to area 18 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer).

Medial surface rendering of cytoarchitectonic map of visual cortex is shown, representing quantitative probabilistic map derived from postmortem human brains that is specific to cellular properties unique to area 17 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer). Medial surface rendering of cytoarchitectonic map of visual cortex is shown, representing quantitative probabilistic map derived from postmortem human brains that is specific to cellular properties unique to area 17 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer).

Posterior surface rendering of cytoarchitectonic map of visual cortex is shown, representing quantitative probabilistic map derived from postmortem human brains that is specific to cellular properties unique to area 17 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer). Posterior surface rendering of cytoarchitectonic map of visual cortex is shown, representing quantitative probabilistic map derived from postmortem human brains that is specific to cellular properties unique to area 17 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer).

Inferior surface rendering of a cytoarchitectonic map of the visual cortex is shown, representing a quantitative probabilistic map derived from postmortem human brains that is specific to cellular properties unique to area 17 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer). Inferior surface rendering of a cytoarchitectonic map of the visual cortex is shown, representing a quantitative probabilistic map derived from postmortem human brains that is specific to cellular properties unique to area 17 (data source: JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas Viewer).

Dorsal surface map of visual cortex represents Brodmann cortical parcellation scheme for areas 17 (light yellow), 18 (yellow), and 19 (dark yellow) (data source: Connectome Workbench). Dorsal surface map of visual cortex represents Brodmann cortical parcellation scheme for areas 17 (light yellow), 18 (yellow), and 19 (dark yellow) (data source: Connectome Workbench).

Ventral surface map of visual cortex represents Brodmann cortical parcellation scheme for areas 17 (light yellow), 18 (yellow), and 19 (dark yellow) (data source: Connectome Workbench). Ventral surface map of visual cortex represents Brodmann cortical parcellation scheme for areas 17 (light yellow), 18 (yellow), and 19 (dark yellow) (data source: Connectome Workbench).

Lateral surface map of visual cortex represents Brodmann cortical parcellation scheme for areas 17 (light yellow), 18 (yellow), and 19 (dark yellow) (data source: Connectome Workbench). Lateral surface map of visual cortex represents Brodmann cortical parcellation scheme for areas 17 (light yellow), 18 (yellow), and 19 (dark yellow) (data source: Connectome Workbench).

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Cerebellar surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the bilateral Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Cerebellar surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the bilateral Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Lateral surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Lateral surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Lateral surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Lateral surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Surface renderings show correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Surface renderings show correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Medial surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Medial surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Medial surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Medial surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Surface renderings show correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Surface renderings show correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show correlation to a seed region in the bilateral Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show correlation to a seed region in the bilateral Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Superior surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Superior surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Superior surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Superior surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 19 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Cerebellar surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the bilateral Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Cerebellar surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the bilateral Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Lateral surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Lateral surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Lateral surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Lateral surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Surface renderings show correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Surface renderings show correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Medial surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Medial surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Medial surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Medial surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Surface renderings show correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Surface renderings show correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Superior surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Superior surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Superior surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Superior surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 18 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Cerebellar surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the bilateral Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Cerebellar surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the bilateral Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Lateral surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Lateral surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Lateral surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Lateral surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Surface renderings show correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Surface renderings show correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Medial surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Medial surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Medial surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Medial surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show correlation to a seed region in the bilateral Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show correlation to a seed region in the bilateral Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Slices show correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB.

Axial slices show functional connectivity MRI, averaged from 1,016 typically developing volunteers (ages 18-30) from the 1,000 Functional Connectomes and ADHD-200 datasets. The image shows correlation to a seed region in bilateral Brodmann area 18, as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. Axial slices show functional connectivity MRI, averaged from 1,016 typically developing volunteers (ages 18-30) from the 1,000 Functional Connectomes and ADHD-200 datasets. The image shows correlation to a seed region in bilateral Brodmann area 18, as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Superior surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Superior surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the left Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Superior surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software. Functional connectivity MR was averaged from 1,003 typically developing volunteers from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Superior surface rendering shows correlation to a seed region in the right Brodmann area 17 as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. This image was displayed using BrainNet Viewer software.

Axial slices show functional connectivity MR, averaged from 1,016 typically developing volunteers (ages 18-30) from the 1,000 Functional Connectomes and ADHD-200 datasets. The image shows correlation to a seed region in bilateral Brodmann area 17, as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. Axial slices show functional connectivity MR, averaged from 1,016 typically developing volunteers (ages 18-30) from the 1,000 Functional Connectomes and ADHD-200 datasets. The image shows correlation to a seed region in bilateral Brodmann area 17, as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB.

Axial slices show functional connectivity MR, averaged from 1,016 typically developing volunteers (ages 18-30) from the 1,000 Functional Connectomes and ADHD-200 datasets. The image shows correlation to a seed region in bilateral Brodmann area 19, as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB. Axial slices show functional connectivity MR, averaged from 1,016 typically developing volunteers (ages 18-30) from the 1,000 Functional Connectomes and ADHD-200 datasets. The image shows correlation to a seed region in bilateral Brodmann area 19, as defined by the WFU PickAtlas toolbox for MATLAB.

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