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[
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/mucosal-nodularity-esophagus_44a88b79-a56c-4343-8d59-e98f03cb3fd6.md",
"title": "Mucosal Nodularity, Esophagus",
"docid": "44a88b79-a56c-4343-8d59-e98f03cb3fd6",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Esophagus",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Mucosal Nodularity, Esophagus"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Generic Imaging Patterns, Mucosal Nodularity, Esophagus",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Consider clinical setting\n - Symptoms, age of patient, AIDS, etc..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/temporomandibular-joint_fd01582d-b2ce-40b2-bcb7-d39884d142e4.md",
"title": "Temporomandibular Joint",
"docid": "fd01582d-b2ce-40b2-bcb7-d39884d142e4",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Face",
"Temporomandibular Joint"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Face, Temporomandibular Joint",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Articulation between mandible & T-bone\n\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Complex diarthro..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pericardial-calcification_102d1a2a-5968-4ccc-bb39-13ea2e395a88.md",
"title": "Pericardial Calcification",
"docid": "102d1a2a-5968-4ccc-bb39-13ea2e395a88",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Pericardial Calcification"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "df804626-c042-4296-96e3-836a6da50fd6",
"value": "Gregory Kicska, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Differential Diagnosis, Pericardial Calcification",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Any cause of chronic or prior pericarditis may cause pericardial calcific..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/vagus-nerve-cnx_68b6ede4-c797-4d55-8d29-aed3df441741.md",
"title": "Vagus Nerve (CNX)",
"docid": "68b6ede4-c797-4d55-8d29-aed3df441741",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Skull Base and Cranial Nerves",
"Vagus Nerve (CNX)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3",
"value": "Aparna Singhal, MD"
},
{
"key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809",
"value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Vagus Nerve (CNX)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Vagus nerve (CNX)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CNX: Longest and one of most complex cranial nerves (..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/femoral-hernia_45d54e6d-97bd-4dd4-beed-b31f572d7b95.md",
"title": "Femoral Hernia",
"docid": "45d54e6d-97bd-4dd4-beed-b31f572d7b95",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Diagnosis",
"Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall",
"External Hernias",
"Femoral Hernia"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Diagnosis, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall, External Hernias, Femoral Hernia",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Protrusion of abdominal contents through femoral ring into femoral canal\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Omental f..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/diffuse-gallbladder-wall-thickening_b7423851-cbd3-4302-82ee-286ddc49c2d8.md",
"title": "Diffuse Gallbladder Wall Thickening",
"docid": "b7423851-cbd3-4302-82ee-286ddc49c2d8",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Gallbladder",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Diffuse Gallbladder Wall Thickening"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "07469ec4-05aa-4d65-a788-08b4d64048af",
"value": "Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Generic Imaging Patterns, Diffuse Gallbladder Wall Thickening",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical information is essential to derive differential diagnosis\n - ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/tracheal-dilatation_25c1fd77-52ff-4a56-b5c4-6ee1335ba369.md",
"title": "Tracheal Dilatation",
"docid": "25c1fd77-52ff-4a56-b5c4-6ee1335ba369",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Chest",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Airways",
"General Imaging Patterns",
"Tracheal Dilatation"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "fa682303-6426-4b97-8c60-783051febb88",
"value": "Jorge Alberto Carrillo-Bayona, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Chest, Differential Diagnosis, Airways, General Imaging Patterns, Tracheal Dilatation",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Tracheal wall composed of several layers: Mucosa, submucosa, cartilage or..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/facial-nerve-in-temporal-bone_21dccac8-d73d-4ef3-859b-73e013ec15cc.md",
"title": "Facial Nerve in Temporal Bone",
"docid": "21dccac8-d73d-4ef3-859b-73e013ec15cc",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Temporal Bone",
"Facial Nerve in Temporal Bone"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Temporal Bone, Facial Nerve in Temporal Bone",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n# TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ## Abbreviations\n \n \n - Facial nerve (FN); greater superficial petrosal nerve (GSPN)\n- ## Definitions\n \n \n - FN in tempora..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/rathke-cleft-cyst_8f1561f7-92a7-485c-a0ae-2e2d5c8c1628.md",
"title": "Rathke Cleft Cyst",
"docid": "8f1561f7-92a7-485c-a0ae-2e2d5c8c1628",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Congenital",
"Rathke Cleft Cyst"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Congenital, Rathke Cleft Cyst",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Nonneoplastic cyst arising from remnants of embryonic Rathke cleft\n - Benign, sellar region endodermal c..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/csf-shunts-and-complications_1027d634-92ff-47c1-8266-a7fc3acd1529.md",
"title": "CSF Shunts and Complications",
"docid": "1027d634-92ff-47c1-8266-a7fc3acd1529",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Ventricles and Cisterns",
"Hydrocephalus",
"CSF Shunts and Complications"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
},
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Hydrocephalus, CSF Shunts and Complications",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Hydrocephalus (HCP)\n - Enlargement of cerebral ventricles secondary to abnormal CSF formation, flo..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/brain-tumor-in-child-1-year_7d64f5fb-c62c-4861-8ff4-654a12074605.md",
"title": "Brain Tumor in Child > 1 Year",
"docid": "7d64f5fb-c62c-4861-8ff4-654a12074605",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Brain Parenchyma, General",
"Clinically Based Differentials",
"Brain Tumor in Child > 1 Year"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a",
"value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Brain Parenchyma, General, Clinically Based Differentials, Brain Tumor in Child > 1 Year",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - General rule: Decreased diffusion = higher grade\n- ## Helpful Clues for C..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/primary-visual-and-visual-association-cortex-areas-17-18-19_76427a0b-090a-4381-9add-c4181f069f94.md",
"title": "Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19)",
"docid": "76427a0b-090a-4381-9add-c4181f069f94",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Occipital lobe\n - Lingual gyrus\n - Cuneus\n - Occipital pole\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/crossed-cerebellar-diaschisis_c1e384b3-3c6e-4f67-bf79-5187bd6a1b86.md",
"title": "Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis",
"docid": "c1e384b3-3c6e-4f67-bf79-5187bd6a1b86",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Dementias and Degenerative Disorders",
"Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Diaschisis: Sudden loss of function in brain connected to (but at distance from) damaged area\n - CCD: ↓ ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/intracranial-venous-system-overview_fa5537f5-50aa-4a7d-abd1-a469b8a8b55f.md",
"title": "Intracranial Venous System Overview",
"docid": "fa5537f5-50aa-4a7d-abd1-a469b8a8b55f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Veins and Venous Sinuses",
"Intracranial Venous System Overview"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Veins and Venous Sinuses, Intracranial Venous System Overview",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Superior sagittal sinus (SSS)\n - Inferior sagittal sinus (ISS)\n - Internal cerebral vein (ICV)\n..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/lumbar-hernia_0fa5904f-36a1-42db-8398-80b5e495f7ae.md",
"title": "Lumbar Hernia",
"docid": "0fa5904f-36a1-42db-8398-80b5e495f7ae",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Diagnosis",
"Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall",
"External Hernias",
"Lumbar Hernia"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Diagnosis, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall, External Hernias, Lumbar Hernia",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Lumbar hernia: Protrusion of abdominal contents through defect in lumbar region\n - Can occur in ei..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/adem-brain_ed94b660-cf20-4ebb-8d6f-2b93505f2928.md",
"title": "ADEM, Brain",
"docid": "ed94b660-cf20-4ebb-8d6f-2b93505f2928",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Diagnosis",
"Pediatric Neuroradiology",
"Brain",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease",
"ADEM, Brain"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, ADEM, Brain",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Autoimmune-mediated white matter (WM) demyelination of brain &/or spinal cord, usually with remyelination\n-..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/asymmetric-lateral-ventricles_87387f0d-9b20-4288-a250-aa3ec83520c4.md",
"title": "Asymmetric Lateral Ventricles",
"docid": "87387f0d-9b20-4288-a250-aa3ec83520c4",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Ventricles, Periventricular Regions",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Asymmetric Lateral Ventricles"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "30ce27b2-237f-4aff-a88f-65ead356335b",
"value": "Marinos Kontzialis, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Ventricles, Periventricular Regions, Generic Imaging Patterns, Asymmetric Lateral Ventricles",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Asymmetric lateral ventricles are most commonly seen as normal variant\n- ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/enlarged-pituitary-gland_65e54fd1-aecf-463c-bd85-97504c542051.md",
"title": "Enlarged Pituitary Gland",
"docid": "65e54fd1-aecf-463c-bd85-97504c542051",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Enlarged Pituitary Gland"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Enlarged Pituitary Gland",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Not all \"enlarged pituitary glands\" abnormal\n - Size/height vari..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/empty-sella_39a0d2d1-1439-4558-8f5d-86a2a6d93e3a.md",
"title": "Empty Sella",
"docid": "39a0d2d1-1439-4558-8f5d-86a2a6d93e3a",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Miscellaneous",
"Empty Sella"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Miscellaneous, Empty Sella",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Sella partially filled with arachnoid-lined CSF collection\n - Primary empty sella\n - Common nor..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/corpus-callosum-impingement-syndrome_e84adf32-bae3-47d5-b368-489f413f6aea.md",
"title": "Corpus Callosum Impingement Syndrome",
"docid": "e84adf32-bae3-47d5-b368-489f413f6aea",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Ventricles and Cisterns",
"Hydrocephalus",
"Corpus Callosum Impingement Syndrome"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Hydrocephalus, Corpus Callosum Impingement Syndrome",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Corpus callosum impingement syndrome (CCIS)\n - Corpus callosum (CC)\n - Callosal injury from longstand..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/adrenal_082ca43c-db5c-4770-aeed-0c6ea317e8fc.md",
"title": "Adrenal",
"docid": "082ca43c-db5c-4770-aeed-0c6ea317e8fc",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Genitourinary",
"Anatomy",
"Adrenal"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Genitourinary, Anatomy, Adrenal",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n# TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ## Abbreviations\n \n \n - Adrenal corticotrophic hormone (ACTH)\n\n# GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ## Overview\n \n \n - Adrenal (**suprarenal..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/vertebral-body-t1-hyperintense-signal-diffuse_ce05f278-d99e-4f2a-bd6b-1d8c7c8faafd.md",
"title": "Vertebral Body, T1-Hyperintense Signal, Diffuse",
"docid": "ce05f278-d99e-4f2a-bd6b-1d8c7c8faafd",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements",
"Modality-Specific Imaging Findings",
"Vertebral Body, T1-Hyperintense Signal, Diffuse"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
},
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Vertebral Body, T1-Hyperintense Signal, Diffuse",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Establish whether pattern is diffusely hyperintense marrow signal or mu..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/intracranial-hemorrhage_3a9cbed6-aa2c-45a0-88bf-b39f1523ee85.md",
"title": "Intracranial Hemorrhage",
"docid": "3a9cbed6-aa2c-45a0-88bf-b39f1523ee85",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Brain",
"Intracranial Hemorrhage"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Differential Diagnosis, Brain, Intracranial Hemorrhage",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical features to consider\n - Age, history of present illne..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/solitary-cystic-parenchymal-mass-general_8bfa943b-c158-4a3b-9d43-e6ef057f45d4.md",
"title": "Solitary Cystic Parenchymal Mass, General",
"docid": "8bfa943b-c158-4a3b-9d43-e6ef057f45d4",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Brain Parenchyma, General",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Solitary Cystic Parenchymal Mass, General"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "ab4396df-0647-4f6a-b534-995eda06646c",
"value": "Nancy J. Fischbein, MD"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Brain Parenchyma, General, Generic Imaging Patterns, Solitary Cystic Parenchymal Mass, General",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Definition\n - Includes cystic or cyst-like parenchymal masses\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/white-matter-tracts_846101a2-e892-4c70-9a32-c9fa887d073a.md",
"title": "White Matter Tracts",
"docid": "846101a2-e892-4c70-9a32-c9fa887d073a",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"White Matter Tracts"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809",
"value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, White Matter Tracts",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Hemispheric white matter tracts divided by course into **association**,**commissural**,**projection fibe..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cavernous-sinus_2a0f0fa0-b60c-4a90-82de-9d78bdf42463.md",
"title": "Cavernous Sinus",
"docid": "2a0f0fa0-b60c-4a90-82de-9d78bdf42463",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Orbit",
"Cavernous Sinus"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Orbit, Cavernous Sinus",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Cavernous sinus (CS)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Paired venous lakes with multiple septa within loc..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/abdominal-wall-mass_d51e2268-67b6-4a60-9222-f5a86f61ddec.md",
"title": "Abdominal Wall Mass",
"docid": "d51e2268-67b6-4a60-9222-f5a86f61ddec",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Abdominal Wall",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Abdominal Wall Mass"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Abdominal Wall, Anatomically Based Differentials, Abdominal Wall Mass",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Given limitations of clinical examination, imaging plays important role i..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/desmoid_f0ca3968-a2f3-4f1d-8825-44819a047224.md",
"title": "Desmoid",
"docid": "f0ca3968-a2f3-4f1d-8825-44819a047224",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Diagnosis",
"Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall",
"Benign Neoplasms",
"Desmoid"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Diagnosis, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall, Benign Neoplasms, Desmoid",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Rare, benign, locally aggressive, nonencapsulated mesenchymal neoplasms of connective or fibrous tissue\n- #..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/carotid-stenosis-extracranial_1ebd8530-ebfc-4b36-9cd9-d9723c06f976.md",
"title": "Carotid Stenosis, Extracranial",
"docid": "1ebd8530-ebfc-4b36-9cd9-d9723c06f976",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Vasculature",
"Diagnosis",
"Extracranial Cerebral Arteries",
"Carotid Stenosis, Extracranial"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06",
"value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Vasculature, Diagnosis, Extracranial Cerebral Arteries, Carotid Stenosis, Extracranial",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Narrowing of cervical internal carotid artery or common carotid artery\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Extracrania..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/hypothalamic-hamartoma_f6f0cc2c-3d38-4a35-bc6a-2ca6c9ae948b.md",
"title": "Hypothalamic Hamartoma",
"docid": "f6f0cc2c-3d38-4a35-bc6a-2ca6c9ae948b",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Congenital",
"Hypothalamic Hamartoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Congenital, Hypothalamic Hamartoma",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH)\n - Nonneoplastic; congenital gray matter heterotopia\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/hypothalamic-hamartoma_7f85487f-9497-44a9-b884-b98e50d41018.md",
"title": "Hypothalamic Hamartoma",
"docid": "7f85487f-9497-44a9-b884-b98e50d41018",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Congenital",
"Hypothalamic Hamartoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Congenital, Hypothalamic Hamartoma",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - a.k.a. tuber cinereum hamartoma\n - Nonneoplastic; congenital gray matter heterotopia\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/orbitofrontal-cortex-area-11_5b3d8bfe-aa5b-4163-af72-19277dbc799d.md",
"title": "Orbitofrontal Cortex (Area 11)",
"docid": "5b3d8bfe-aa5b-4163-af72-19277dbc799d",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Orbitofrontal Cortex (Area 11)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Orbitofrontal Cortex (Area 11)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Ventral aspect of inferior frontal lobes within anterior cranial fossa\n - Includes orbital ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/chiari-1-malformation_97837e15-0d39-4c87-8af0-028652b399a6.md",
"title": "Chiari 1 Malformation",
"docid": "97837e15-0d39-4c87-8af0-028652b399a6",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Congenital Malformations",
"Chiari Malformations",
"Chiari 1 Malformation"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "2c9d2e67-05db-4d26-b8cb-02e0f7566179",
"value": "Usha D. Nagaraj, MD"
},
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Congenital Malformations, Chiari Malformations, Chiari 1 Malformation",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Chiari 1 malformation (CM1); synonyms: Chiari type 1, Chiari 1 deformity, cerebellar tonsillar ectopia\n- ##..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/craniopharyngioma_00e66680-6731-4287-b5a1-3f0b3f09053b.md",
"title": "Craniopharyngioma",
"docid": "00e66680-6731-4287-b5a1-3f0b3f09053b",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Neoplasms",
"Craniopharyngioma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Craniopharyngioma",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Benign, partially cystic sellar region tumor derived from remnants of craniopharyngeal duct/Rathke pouch ep..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/epilepsy-adult_c936f9e1-b6c6-4c4a-afc6-f2e1a968a7b0.md",
"title": "Epilepsy, Adult",
"docid": "c936f9e1-b6c6-4c4a-afc6-f2e1a968a7b0",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Brain Parenchyma, General",
"Clinically Based Differentials",
"Epilepsy, Adult"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a",
"value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD"
},
{
"key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06",
"value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Brain Parenchyma, General, Clinically Based Differentials, Epilepsy, Adult",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Adult-onset seizures are more likely acquired\n - Acute symptomat..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/small-brainstem_c1cf0cc4-754d-43a5-9fe5-f72ad2e61930.md",
"title": "Small Brainstem",
"docid": "c1cf0cc4-754d-43a5-9fe5-f72ad2e61930",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Small Brainstem"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Anatomically Based Differentials, Small Brainstem",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Cerebral Infarction, Chronic**\n - May be lacunar, territori..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/double-aortic-arch_0b68477f-f05a-4e4c-a1a8-02fe29c292db.md",
"title": "Double Aortic Arch",
"docid": "0b68477f-f05a-4e4c-a1a8-02fe29c292db",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Double Aortic Arch"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "ee6ece9d-ad74-458c-a8df-11628ae7f879",
"value": "Arzu Canan, MD"
},
{
"key": "10bb95ac-a27a-4ebe-833b-e59fea07734b",
"value": "Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Double Aortic Arch",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Double aortic arch (DAA)\n - Persistent right and left aortic arches, each one giving rise to separ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/t2-hyperintense-brainstem-diffuse_38d3ba3a-c6ec-4845-a92b-f309e65c6475.md",
"title": "T2-Hyperintense Brainstem, Diffuse",
"docid": "38d3ba3a-c6ec-4845-a92b-f309e65c6475",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"T2-Hyperintense Brainstem, Diffuse"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Anatomically Based Differentials, T2-Hyperintense Brainstem, Diffuse",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Brainstem Glioma**\n - Includes variety of gliomas (WHO grad..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/sensorineural-hearing-loss-in-child_08c895da-f2aa-4076-abf0-af9aca1677cd.md",
"title": "Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Child",
"docid": "08c895da-f2aa-4076-abf0-af9aca1677cd",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa",
"Clinically Based Differentials",
"Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Child"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "d19354f3-7ff2-495a-ad3f-064122e45602",
"value": "Bernadette L. Koch, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Clinically Based Differentials, Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Child",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - History is important\n - **Congenital sensorineural hearing loss ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy-pml_e20e1ef7-13f4-4e23-8387-dd3de6721bfe.md",
"title": "Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)",
"docid": "e20e1ef7-13f4-4e23-8387-dd3de6721bfe",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases",
"Acquired Infections",
"Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases, Acquired Infections, Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)\n - Subacute opportunistic infection caused by DNA vir..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/spigelian-hernia_3bbee7e5-dcd2-423c-a079-ce530cdb08c0.md",
"title": "Spigelian Hernia",
"docid": "3bbee7e5-dcd2-423c-a079-ce530cdb08c0",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Diagnosis",
"Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall",
"External Hernias",
"Spigelian Hernia"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Diagnosis, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall, External Hernias, Spigelian Hernia",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Hernia through defect in aponeurosis of internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles\n- ## Imaging\n \n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/segmental-colonic-narrowing_c193bc86-43d2-4932-8378-5db8001d755e.md",
"title": "Segmental Colonic Narrowing",
"docid": "c193bc86-43d2-4932-8378-5db8001d755e",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Colon",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Segmental Colonic Narrowing"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Segmental Colonic Narrowing",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Important to describe length, site, and nature of narrowed segment\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cnxii-hypoglossal-nerve_f734d678-561c-47fd-afb5-dab6afacc1a8.md",
"title": "CNXII (Hypoglossal Nerve)",
"docid": "f734d678-561c-47fd-afb5-dab6afacc1a8",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Cranial Nerves",
"CNXII (Hypoglossal Nerve)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3",
"value": "Aparna Singhal, MD"
},
{
"key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915",
"value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNXII (Hypoglossal Nerve)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 12th cranial nerve, CN12\n- ### Definitions\n \n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/aortic-dissection_57e3428e-1f18-4f38-95c6-f7fe2d93c00a.md",
"title": "Aortic Dissection",
"docid": "57e3428e-1f18-4f38-95c6-f7fe2d93c00a",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Aortic Dissection"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "770e1d77-2287-436e-910b-48232afc7842",
"value": "Prabhakar Rajiah, MBBS, MD, FACR, FRCR, FACC, FAHA, FSCCT"
},
{
"key": "3d1e4c57-c1cf-4c89-b0f0-5d82b29a31e1",
"value": "Suhny Abbara, MD, FACR, MSCCT, FNASCI"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Aortic Dissection",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Blood enters media of aortic wall through intimal defect and splits wall longitudinally\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/high-attenuation-hyperdense-bile-in-gallbladder_9f2314d3-b994-4a19-84cf-810daa04fd59.md",
"title": "High-Attenuation (Hyperdense) Bile in Gallbladder",
"docid": "9f2314d3-b994-4a19-84cf-810daa04fd59",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Gallbladder",
"Modality-Specific Imaging Findings",
"Computed Tomography",
"High-Attenuation (Hyperdense) Bile in Gallbladder"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Computed Tomography, High-Attenuation (Hyperdense) Bile in Gallbladder",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Most common causes of high-density bile are iatrogenic (e.g., vicarious e..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/vertebrobasilar-system_0ff112d1-0e58-4694-9b49-0a0327ea1310.md",
"title": "Vertebrobasilar System",
"docid": "0ff112d1-0e58-4694-9b49-0a0327ea1310",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Intracranial Arteries",
"Vertebrobasilar System"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b",
"value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "afaec833-e997-49c4-8eab-e28310c6c2bf",
"value": "Adriene C. Eastaway, MD, MS"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Vertebrobasilar System",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Vertebrobasilar (VB), vertebral artery (VA), basilar artery (BA)\n - Superior cerebellar arteries (..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/metachromatic-leukodystrophy_265c24dc-ec0d-461f-a4ee-85cc675b1f3d.md",
"title": "Metachromatic Leukodystrophy",
"docid": "265c24dc-ec0d-461f-a4ee-85cc675b1f3d",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Lysosomal Disorders",
"Metachromatic Leukodystrophy"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Lysosomal Disorders, Metachromatic Leukodystrophy",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Lysosomal storage disorder\n - Caused by ↓ arylsulfatase A (ARSA)\n - Results in CNS, per..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/extrinsic-mass-esophagus_0c49e9b9-2005-4a29-a95c-97e400ceb8b2.md",
"title": "Extrinsic Mass, Esophagus",
"docid": "0c49e9b9-2005-4a29-a95c-97e400ceb8b2",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Esophagus",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Extrinsic Mass, Esophagus"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Generic Imaging Patterns, Extrinsic Mass, Esophagus",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Extrinsic lesions: Smooth, intact mucosa and obtuse angles at indentation..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/coarctation-of-aorta_c0b23d8c-05e3-4373-b5d9-2de1590414a7.md",
"title": "Coarctation of Aorta",
"docid": "c0b23d8c-05e3-4373-b5d9-2de1590414a7",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Coarctation of Aorta"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "ee6ece9d-ad74-458c-a8df-11628ae7f879",
"value": "Arzu Canan, MD"
},
{
"key": "10bb95ac-a27a-4ebe-833b-e59fea07734b",
"value": "Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Coarctation of Aorta",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Congenital narrowing of aorta, most commonly occurring just distal to left subclavian artery origin\n- ## Im..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/vascular-dementia_f59dab57-c511-4369-8fcc-592421a4b8d1.md",
"title": "Vascular Dementia",
"docid": "f59dab57-c511-4369-8fcc-592421a4b8d1",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Dementias and Degenerative Disorders",
"Vascular Dementia"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Vascular Dementia",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Vascular dementia (VaD), multiinfarct dementia (MID), vascular cognitive impairment (VCI)\n - Stepwise pr..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/frontotemporal-lobar-degeneration_49510d0e-acf7-45cb-9eb1-53f8193b0b6d.md",
"title": "Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration",
"docid": "49510d0e-acf7-45cb-9eb1-53f8193b0b6d",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Dementias and Degenerative Disorders",
"Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Clinical subtypes\n - Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia **(bvFTD)**\n - Primary pr..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/insula-and-parainsula-areas-areas-13-43_0e9647e5-4dbf-490c-a356-f3055a72e9a8.md",
"title": "Insula and Parainsula Areas (Areas 13, 43)",
"docid": "0e9647e5-4dbf-490c-a356-f3055a72e9a8",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Insula and Parainsula Areas (Areas 13, 43)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Insula and Parainsula Areas (Areas 13, 43)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## Locations and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Anterior portion of parietal operculum (secondary somatosensory cortex, area 43)\n - Cortex..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/normal-pressure-hydrocephalus_ba3f857d-58de-4f21-8463-1631b4cb9972.md",
"title": "Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus",
"docid": "ba3f857d-58de-4f21-8463-1631b4cb9972",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Ventricles and Cisterns",
"Hydrocephalus",
"Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Hydrocephalus, Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Ventriculomegaly with normal CSF pressure, altered CSF dynamics\n - Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocepha..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/midbrain_628d8588-6898-45ba-b946-1702bcce1366.md",
"title": "Midbrain",
"docid": "628d8588-6898-45ba-b946-1702bcce1366",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Infratentorial Brain",
"Midbrain"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "00279799-953b-49c0-b072-7b0ed0ac3122",
"value": "Farshid Sepehrband, PhD, MS, BS"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Infratentorial Brain, Midbrain",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)\n - Cranial nerves (CN): Oculomotor nerve (CNIII), trochlear nerve (CNIV)..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/spindle-cell-oncocytoma_9d25f5c6-63d1-4050-a419-8e73945873a1.md",
"title": "Spindle Cell Oncocytoma",
"docid": "9d25f5c6-63d1-4050-a419-8e73945873a1",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Neoplasms",
"Spindle Cell Oncocytoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Spindle Cell Oncocytoma",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Rare nonendocrine, nonfunctioning sellar tumor\n - Part of 2021 WHO spectrum of thyroid transcription f..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/fusiform-gyrus-area-37_9eb68cdb-4394-43cd-98e1-b2ff4e43800f.md",
"title": "Fusiform Gyrus (Area 37)",
"docid": "9eb68cdb-4394-43cd-98e1-b2ff4e43800f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Fusiform Gyrus (Area 37)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Fusiform Gyrus (Area 37)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Bridges temporal and occipital lobes anterior to inferior occipital gyrus, anterolateral to li..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/subacute-cerebral-infarction_0109f4c0-c84a-4d85-97cb-afe437b9cc43.md",
"title": "Subacute Cerebral Infarction",
"docid": "0109f4c0-c84a-4d85-97cb-afe437b9cc43",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Stroke",
"Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction",
"Subacute Cerebral Infarction"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction, Subacute Cerebral Infarction",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Subacute infarction ~ 2-14 days following initial ischemic event\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Best diagnostic c..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/left-ventricular-enlargement_fbb972de-3e13-4c67-b7a4-f8901aa2efb8.md",
"title": "Left Ventricular Enlargement",
"docid": "fbb972de-3e13-4c67-b7a4-f8901aa2efb8",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Left Ventricular Enlargement"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "df804626-c042-4296-96e3-836a6da50fd6",
"value": "Gregory Kicska, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Differential Diagnosis, Left Ventricular Enlargement",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Determination of LV chamber enlargement\n - Radiographic\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cervical-carotid-arteries_6eafa14e-2538-41b5-850c-29c41f38b970.md",
"title": "Cervical Carotid Arteries",
"docid": "6eafa14e-2538-41b5-850c-29c41f38b970",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Extracranial Arteries",
"Cervical Carotid Arteries"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Extracranial Arteries, Cervical Carotid Arteries",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Aortic arch (AA); brachiocephalic trunk (BCT)\n - Common (CCA), internal (ICA), external (ECA) caro..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/facet-abnormality-nontraumatic_c1c333c4-a85e-478c-8a31-1bb09c937e0d.md",
"title": "Facet Abnormality, Nontraumatic",
"docid": "c1c333c4-a85e-478c-8a31-1bb09c937e0d",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Facet Abnormality, Nontraumatic"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
},
{
"key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea",
"value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Generic Imaging Patterns, Facet Abnormality, Nontraumatic",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Assess vertebral abnormalities, multiplicity (i.e., metastases), and so..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cnvii-facial-nerve_98cb2d45-e64c-4295-9662-3470cd46513a.md",
"title": "CNVII (Facial Nerve)",
"docid": "98cb2d45-e64c-4295-9662-3470cd46513a",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Cranial Nerves",
"CNVII (Facial Nerve)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNVII (Facial Nerve)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n# TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ## Abbreviations\n \n \n - Facial nerve (CNVII)\n- ## Synonyms\n \n \n - 7th cranial nerve\n- ## Definitions\n \n \n - CNVII: Cr..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/narrowed-aorta_763503a4-a7b8-4aff-8846-3dfbe312125c.md",
"title": "Narrowed Aorta",
"docid": "763503a4-a7b8-4aff-8846-3dfbe312125c",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Narrowed Aorta"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "df804626-c042-4296-96e3-836a6da50fd6",
"value": "Gregory Kicska, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Differential Diagnosis, Narrowed Aorta",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Focal outer diameter narrowed in coarctation or vasculitis\n - Normativ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/retrosplenial-cingulate-cortex-areas-29-30_0f3caac0-3674-43a0-9153-d6dc29b6a2e0.md",
"title": "Retrosplenial Cingulate Cortex (Areas 29, 30)",
"docid": "0f3caac0-3674-43a0-9153-d6dc29b6a2e0",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Retrosplenial Cingulate Cortex (Areas 29, 30)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Retrosplenial Cingulate Cortex (Areas 29, 30)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Paramidline posterior to most caudal portion of corpus callosum (isthmus of cingulate gyrus)\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/epilepsy-child_a342e5b5-5b98-4003-a437-6d42a483b40e.md",
"title": "Epilepsy, Child",
"docid": "a342e5b5-5b98-4003-a437-6d42a483b40e",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Brain Parenchyma, General",
"Clinically Based Differentials",
"Epilepsy, Child"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Brain Parenchyma, General, Clinically Based Differentials, Epilepsy, Child",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Generalized seizure disorders usually nonlocalizing\n - Partial complex..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/groin-mass_160e727f-dabe-4187-aa46-c29625076cc5.md",
"title": "Groin Mass",
"docid": "160e727f-dabe-4187-aa46-c29625076cc5",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Abdominal Wall",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Groin Mass"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Abdominal Wall, Anatomically Based Differentials, Groin Mass",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Although clinical exam may diagnose many common groin masses (particularl..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cidp_12e4033c-edc8-46ff-8081-3acc433cda78.md",
"title": "CIDP",
"docid": "12e4033c-edc8-46ff-8081-3acc433cda78",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease",
"Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease",
"CIDP"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, CIDP",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Clinically heterogeneous, grossly symmetric, sensory & motor neuropathy evolving as monophasic, relapsing, ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/superior-prefrontal-cortex-area-8_13608440-c827-4c0e-8f4d-026bfae199a1.md",
"title": "Superior Prefrontal Cortex (Area 8)",
"docid": "13608440-c827-4c0e-8f4d-026bfae199a1",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Superior Prefrontal Cortex (Area 8)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Superior Prefrontal Cortex (Area 8)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Caudal portion of middle frontal gyrus\n - Caudal portion of both medial and lateral superio..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/facial-nerve-cnvii_2f4818dd-6438-405b-8561-5cbbb9c91562.md",
"title": "Facial Nerve (CNVII)",
"docid": "2f4818dd-6438-405b-8561-5cbbb9c91562",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Skull Base and Cranial Nerves",
"Facial Nerve (CNVII)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
},
{
"key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809",
"value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Facial Nerve (CNVII)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n# TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ## Abbreviations\n \n \n - Facial nerve (CNVII)\n- ## Synonyms\n \n \n - 7th cranial nerve\n- ## Definitions\n \n \n - CNVII: Cr..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/benign-enlarged-subarachnoid-spaces_3da4fec0-6e87-4bcc-bd66-b4a5d1984f6e.md",
"title": "Benign Enlarged Subarachnoid Spaces",
"docid": "3da4fec0-6e87-4bcc-bd66-b4a5d1984f6e",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Ventricles and Cisterns",
"Normal Variants",
"Benign Enlarged Subarachnoid Spaces"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
},
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Normal Variants, Benign Enlarged Subarachnoid Spaces",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Idiopathic enlargement of subarachnoid spaces (SAS) during infancy\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Primary imaging..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/mesial-temporal-sclerosis_3861ee73-c82c-49f2-a60f-8fd08f7e6165.md",
"title": "Mesial Temporal Sclerosis",
"docid": "3861ee73-c82c-49f2-a60f-8fd08f7e6165",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations",
"Mesial Temporal Sclerosis"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
},
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Mesial Temporal Sclerosis",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Seizure-associated neuronal loss & gliosis in hippocampus & adjacent structures\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Pr..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/peritoneal-cavity_6691f48d-ac34-477b-8ec1-b9dd731a14a8.md",
"title": "Peritoneal Cavity",
"docid": "6691f48d-ac34-477b-8ec1-b9dd731a14a8",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Anatomy",
"Gastrointestinal Tract and Abdominal Cavity",
"Peritoneal Cavity"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Anatomy, Gastrointestinal Tract and Abdominal Cavity, Peritoneal Cavity",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n# TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ## Definitions\n \n \n - **Peritoneal cavity**: Potential space in abdomen between visceral and parietal peritoneum, containing on..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cystic-intrasellar-mass_e5a24511-dd27-495c-b20a-c56534351a06.md",
"title": "Cystic Intrasellar Mass",
"docid": "e5a24511-dd27-495c-b20a-c56534351a06",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Cystic Intrasellar Mass"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Cystic Intrasellar Mass",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Cystic mass originating **within** sella turcica vs. intrasellar extensio..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/dilated-common-bile-duct_9d00fb38-f31d-45dd-a1d4-c0f96bb2a5f7.md",
"title": "Dilated Common Bile Duct",
"docid": "9d00fb38-f31d-45dd-a1d4-c0f96bb2a5f7",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Biliary Tract",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Dilated Common Bile Duct"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Biliary Tract, Generic Imaging Patterns, Dilated Common Bile Duct",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - When common bile duct (CBD) is only borderline enlarged, decision to purs..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cervical-bony-fusion_7deaa765-00e4-4dbf-9c04-952f34979371.md",
"title": "Cervical Bony Fusion",
"docid": "7deaa765-00e4-4dbf-9c04-952f34979371",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Cervical Bony Fusion"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
},
{
"key": "86b8c311-8667-4afd-9b2b-0c2036a02b8a",
"value": "Julia Crim, MD"
},
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Anatomically Based Differentials, Cervical Bony Fusion",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Congenital Abnormalities of Segmentation**\n - May be isolat..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/intimointimal-intussusception_a7004bbb-3699-4ed4-af21-78f51a3685d9.md",
"title": "Intimointimal Intussusception",
"docid": "a7004bbb-3699-4ed4-af21-78f51a3685d9",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Intimointimal Intussusception"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b00d2bdb-66e1-41ed-90b4-c52904f4d598",
"value": "Seth Kligerman, MD, MS"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Intimointimal Intussusception",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Complete circumferential intimal tear in type A > type B aortic dissection\n - Delaminated intima then ro..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/prepontine-cistern-mass_e0f71196-85c7-411c-9c71-e2606b2ee52f.md",
"title": "Prepontine Cistern Mass",
"docid": "e0f71196-85c7-411c-9c71-e2606b2ee52f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Prepontine Cistern Mass"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "26ebc2e8-e4f7-40ee-8f5c-d23fe383e15c",
"value": "Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH"
},
{
"key": "83f867a5-a183-4396-82ea-384015da4d2f",
"value": "Gregory L. Katzman, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Anatomically Based Differentials, Prepontine Cistern Mass",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Anatomy\n - Extensive CSF space along ventral & lateral pons, dor..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/basal-ganglia_a9de3815-ec59-4c78-adf0-94974065a7e3.md",
"title": "Basal Ganglia",
"docid": "a9de3815-ec59-4c78-adf0-94974065a7e3",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Basal Ganglia"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea",
"value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Basal Ganglia",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus\n - Striatum: Caudate nucleus, putamen\n - Ca..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cnix-glossopharyngeal-nerve_2e74a767-3f28-49be-a50f-1dbcc10ce90f.md",
"title": "CNIX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)",
"docid": "2e74a767-3f28-49be-a50f-1dbcc10ce90f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Cranial Nerves",
"CNIX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3",
"value": "Aparna Singhal, MD"
},
{
"key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915",
"value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNIX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 9th cranial nerve, CN9\n- ### Definitions\n \n..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-reversible-encephalopathy-syndrome-pres_84176f2c-fc9d-4497-8af9-1430b9f0187c.md",
"title": "Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)",
"docid": "84176f2c-fc9d-4497-8af9-1430b9f0187c",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations",
"Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Cerebrovascular autoregulatory disorder\n - Many etiologies with HTN as common component\n - Pr..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/ventricles-and-choroid-plexus_e00c86e1-f0b9-4b88-9184-c22d8dd927d8.md",
"title": "Ventricles and Choroid Plexus",
"docid": "e00c86e1-f0b9-4b88-9184-c22d8dd927d8",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"CSF Spaces",
"Ventricles and Choroid Plexus"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06",
"value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, CSF Spaces, Ventricles and Choroid Plexus",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Tela choroidea: Double layer of pia, formed during folding of brain where hemispheres overgrow dienceph..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/central-skull-base-trigeminal-schwannoma_ba6828c1-f547-4af4-b82c-0711ee7600f5.md",
"title": "Central Skull Base Trigeminal Schwannoma",
"docid": "ba6828c1-f547-4af4-b82c-0711ee7600f5",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Diagnosis",
"Skull Base Lesions",
"Sphenoid Bone",
"Central Skull Base Trigeminal Schwannoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "20008105-51da-4bbf-aba6-e8253b2d9c21",
"value": "Daniel E. Meltzer, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Skull Base Lesions, Sphenoid Bone, Central Skull Base Trigeminal Schwannoma",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Synonyms: Giant trigeminal schwannoma (TS), \"dumbbell\" TS\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - Tubular mass along co..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cnv-trigeminal-nerve_9db87cfa-58ff-45fd-a7fd-fe8c73eb9770.md",
"title": "CNV (Trigeminal Nerve)",
"docid": "9db87cfa-58ff-45fd-a7fd-fe8c73eb9770",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Cranial Nerves",
"CNV (Trigeminal Nerve) "
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNV (Trigeminal Nerve) ",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Trigeminal nerve (CNV)\n - Ophthalmic division, trigeminal nerve: CNV1\n - Maxillary division, tr..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cnx-vagus-nerve_83868689-c995-4608-bed3-f59664cbd586.md",
"title": "CNX (Vagus Nerve)",
"docid": "83868689-c995-4608-bed3-f59664cbd586",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Cranial Nerves",
"CNX (Vagus Nerve)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3",
"value": "Aparna Singhal, MD"
},
{
"key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915",
"value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNX (Vagus Nerve)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Vagus nerve (CNX)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - CN10\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CNX: Longest & one of..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/sensorineural-hearing-loss-in-adult_08d468da-fbc3-44f8-8212-6480e0a152c4.md",
"title": "Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Adult",
"docid": "08d468da-fbc3-44f8-8212-6480e0a152c4",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa",
"Clinically Based Differentials",
"Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Adult"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "eef2f839-5706-47b9-89c3-60d8315b2b3a",
"value": "Nicholas A. Koontz, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Clinically Based Differentials, Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Adult",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Many diagnoses cause sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)\n - Relative sta..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cpa-mass-child_76d2535b-050d-4826-a344-877e5bae4230.md",
"title": "CPA Mass, Child",
"docid": "76d2535b-050d-4826-a344-877e5bae4230",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"CPA Mass, Child"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "d19354f3-7ff2-495a-ad3f-064122e45602",
"value": "Bernadette L. Koch, MD"
},
{
"key": "e8af6d26-3aad-47c9-9083-5128aab09af2",
"value": "Susan I. Blaser, MD, FRCPC"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Anatomically Based Differentials, CPA Mass, Child",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - [Arachnoid Cyst in CPA-IAC](/document/cpa-iac-arachnoid-cyst/f1af2d0f-ad..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/rectal-or-colonic-fistula_08e011c9-6953-49e1-8282-5c046b4b57ca.md",
"title": "Rectal or Colonic Fistula",
"docid": "08e011c9-6953-49e1-8282-5c046b4b57ca",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Colon",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Rectal or Colonic Fistula"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Rectal or Colonic Fistula",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Gas in urinary bladder may be due to\n - Colovesical or enteroves..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/aberrant-right-subclavian-artery_a20702fe-5409-44a5-a804-cb071023bade.md",
"title": "Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery",
"docid": "a20702fe-5409-44a5-a804-cb071023bade",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "770e1d77-2287-436e-910b-48232afc7842",
"value": "Prabhakar Rajiah, MBBS, MD, FACR, FRCR, FACC, FAHA, FSCCT"
},
{
"key": "e915766e-8102-46e4-a33e-c83f8ae12f29",
"value": "Harold Goerne, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) as last branch of left-sided aortic arch, isthmus, or proximal desc..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/solitary-colonic-filling-defect_b0e848cd-1cd1-4b8c-bd5b-45a6fa908329.md",
"title": "Solitary Colonic Filling Defect",
"docid": "b0e848cd-1cd1-4b8c-bd5b-45a6fa908329",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Colon",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Solitary Colonic Filling Defect"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Solitary Colonic Filling Defect",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Determine if intraluminal or mucosal lesion\n - Or if intramural ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/basal-ganglia-calcification_f8dc8f27-f256-480d-9393-7ec3495a3d27.md",
"title": "Basal Ganglia Calcification",
"docid": "f8dc8f27-f256-480d-9393-7ec3495a3d27",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Supratentorial Brain Parenchyma",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Basal Ganglia Calcification"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Supratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Anatomically Based Differentials, Basal Ganglia Calcification",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Basal ganglia (BG) Ca⁺⁺ is end result of multiple toxic, metabolic, infla..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/sella-pituitary-and-cavernous-sinus_98f756c9-dac9-4568-bee5-42fe5be53f32.md",
"title": "Sella, Pituitary, and Cavernous Sinus",
"docid": "98f756c9-dac9-4568-bee5-42fe5be53f32",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Sella, Pituitary, and Cavernous Sinus"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06",
"value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Sella, Pituitary, and Cavernous Sinus",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Adenohypophysis (AH); neurohypophysis (NH)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Pituitary gland = hypophysis\n\n#..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pediatric-multiple-sclerosis-spine_59786b97-2a4d-4706-a6fe-fe2dcd476b5e.md",
"title": "Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis, Spine",
"docid": "59786b97-2a4d-4706-a6fe-fe2dcd476b5e",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Diagnosis",
"Pediatric Neuroradiology",
"Spine",
"Infection and Inflammatory Disorders",
"Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders",
"Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis, Spine"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Spine, Infection and Inflammatory Disorders, Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders, Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis, Spine",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Primary demyelinating disease of CNS with multiple lesions disseminated over time & space\n - Conco..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/partial-gastrectomy-billroth-procedures_92065594-d287-4f0a-8d50-da42b44db5d6.md",
"title": "Partial Gastrectomy: Billroth Procedures",
"docid": "92065594-d287-4f0a-8d50-da42b44db5d6",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Diagnosis",
"Stomach",
"Treatment Related",
"Partial Gastrectomy: Billroth Procedures"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Diagnosis, Stomach, Treatment Related, Partial Gastrectomy: Billroth Procedures",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - **Billroth 1 (B1)****procedure** (antrectomy with gastroduodenostomy)\n - **Billroth 2 (B2)****procedure*..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/peripheral-facial-nerve-paralysis_4da52ac4-c03c-4711-ae7e-bb4f2f7c5ab8.md",
"title": "Peripheral Facial Nerve Paralysis",
"docid": "4da52ac4-c03c-4711-ae7e-bb4f2f7c5ab8",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Temporal Bone",
"Clinically Based Differentials",
"Peripheral Facial Nerve Paralysis"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "eef2f839-5706-47b9-89c3-60d8315b2b3a",
"value": "Nicholas A. Koontz, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Temporal Bone, Clinically Based Differentials, Peripheral Facial Nerve Paralysis",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Peripheral facial nerve paralysis\n - Definition: Unilateral faci..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/abdominal-lymph-nodes_3ca98d42-20ef-48fe-9265-ebfe570ba54b.md",
"title": "Abdominal Lymph Nodes",
"docid": "3ca98d42-20ef-48fe-9265-ebfe570ba54b",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Ultrasound",
"Anatomy",
"Abdomen",
"Abdominal Lymph Nodes"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "07469ec4-05aa-4d65-a788-08b4d64048af",
"value": "Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Ultrasound, Anatomy, Abdomen, Abdominal Lymph Nodes",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n# GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ## Overview\n \n \n - Major lymphatic vessels and nodal chains lie along major blood vessels [aorta, inferior vena cava (IVC), i..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-fossa-neoplasm-adult_9d6bcceb-36a2-4f49-a5b2-1dd076541be8.md",
"title": "Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Adult",
"docid": "9d6bcceb-36a2-4f49-a5b2-1dd076541be8",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Adult"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "26ebc2e8-e4f7-40ee-8f5c-d23fe383e15c",
"value": "Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Anatomically Based Differentials, Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Adult",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - With exception of vestibular schwannoma, posterior fossa (PF) neoplasms r..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/adamantinomatous-craniopharyngioma_495ef4ba-399a-4096-aeb2-f466ab5abc32.md",
"title": "Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma",
"docid": "495ef4ba-399a-4096-aeb2-f466ab5abc32",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Neoplasms",
"Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Benign, partially cystic sellar region tumor derived from remnants of craniopharyngeal duct/Rathke pouch ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/extraventricular-obstructive-hydrocephalus_a0886d4c-f504-4165-bb52-2400e2385f68.md",
"title": "Extraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus",
"docid": "a0886d4c-f504-4165-bb52-2400e2385f68",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Ventricles and Cisterns",
"Hydrocephalus",
"Extraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Hydrocephalus, Extraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Extraventricular obstructive hydrocephalus (EVOH): Enlarged ventricles due to obstruction located outside v..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cnii-optic-nerve_1b5322bb-bdca-4605-9ab5-43598b5c322f.md",
"title": "CNII (Optic Nerve)",
"docid": "1b5322bb-bdca-4605-9ab5-43598b5c322f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Cranial Nerves",
"CNII (Optic Nerve)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNII (Optic Nerve)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Cranial nerve II (CNII)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 2nd cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CN..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/interrupted-hypoplastic-aorta_100ba59a-24e8-47b4-b2b2-bbfdc0a21e92.md",
"title": "Interrupted/Hypoplastic Aorta",
"docid": "100ba59a-24e8-47b4-b2b2-bbfdc0a21e92",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Interrupted/Hypoplastic Aorta"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "770e1d77-2287-436e-910b-48232afc7842",
"value": "Prabhakar Rajiah, MBBS, MD, FACR, FRCR, FACC, FAHA, FSCCT"
},
{
"key": "e915766e-8102-46e4-a33e-c83f8ae12f29",
"value": "Harold Goerne, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Interrupted/Hypoplastic Aorta",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Interrupted aortic arch\n - Complete luminal and anatomic wall discontinuity between ascending aort..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-antibody-associated-disease-brain_a5b155b3-03ee-4934-8023-e681ed9e8296.md",
"title": "Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease, Brain",
"docid": "a5b155b3-03ee-4934-8023-e681ed9e8296",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Diagnosis",
"Pediatric Neuroradiology",
"Brain",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease",
"Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease, Brain"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease, Brain",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n -..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/childhood-stroke_dc608435-4c6c-4b53-985a-4630cd24d5ce.md",
"title": "Childhood Stroke",
"docid": "dc608435-4c6c-4b53-985a-4630cd24d5ce",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Diagnosis",
"Brain",
"Traumatic and Vascular Lesions",
"Childhood Stroke"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Brain, Traumatic and Vascular Lesions, Childhood Stroke",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Acute alteration of neurologic function due to loss of vascular integrity\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - NECT: ↓ ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cni-olfactory-nerve_54c329dd-8363-4b61-9af3-bf78909ea790.md",
"title": "CNI (Olfactory Nerve)",
"docid": "54c329dd-8363-4b61-9af3-bf78909ea790",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Cranial Nerves",
"CNI (Olfactory Nerve)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3",
"value": "Aparna Singhal, MD"
},
{
"key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915",
"value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNI (Olfactory Nerve)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Olfactory nerve (CNI)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 1st cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Visc..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/mass-or-inflammation-of-ileocecal-area_5c7d84e9-f14b-4649-9464-a1a9642ddfd6.md",
"title": "Mass or Inflammation of Ileocecal Area",
"docid": "5c7d84e9-f14b-4649-9464-a1a9642ddfd6",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Colon",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Mass or Inflammation of Ileocecal Area"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Mass or Inflammation of Ileocecal Area",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - CT: Optimal for evaluation of intra- and extramural disease in right lowe..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/multiple-sclerosis_89599954-599e-4410-a517-eb22125cedfb.md",
"title": "Multiple Sclerosis",
"docid": "89599954-599e-4410-a517-eb22125cedfb",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Diagnosis",
"Infection and Inflammatory Disorders",
"Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders",
"Multiple Sclerosis"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Diagnosis, Infection and Inflammatory Disorders, Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders, Multiple Sclerosis",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Primary demyelinating disease of CNS with multiple lesions disseminated over time & space\n - Conco..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/parotid-sjgren-syndrome_51b74c50-0db9-4fa5-a376-2c6935f00771.md",
"title": "Parotid Sjögren Syndrome",
"docid": "51b74c50-0db9-4fa5-a376-2c6935f00771",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Diagnosis",
"Parotid Space",
"Infectious and Inflammatory Lesions",
"Parotid Sjögren Syndrome"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06",
"value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Parotid Space, Infectious and Inflammatory Lesions, Parotid Sjögren Syndrome",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Sjögren syndrome (SjS): Chronic systemic **autoimmune exocrinopathy** causing salivary & lacrimal gland d..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/vessel-wall-abnormalities_850dc563-30b3-4627-87bc-fd858bccf896.md",
"title": "Vessel Wall Abnormalities",
"docid": "850dc563-30b3-4627-87bc-fd858bccf896",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Arteries",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Vessel Wall Abnormalities"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "2bca6b86-1eca-4e93-b997-4e18913686a7",
"value": "Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS"
},
{
"key": "f6dcad15-b660-4243-a242-a9845c929101",
"value": "J. Scott McNally, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Arteries, Anatomically Based Differentials, Vessel Wall Abnormalities",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - **Clinical history**\n - History can narrow DDx, but it is often ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pituicytoma_d6e481d5-7742-4354-8dfe-4f04286a709a.md",
"title": "Pituicytoma",
"docid": "d6e481d5-7742-4354-8dfe-4f04286a709a",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Neoplasms",
"Pituicytoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Pituicytoma",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Rare tumor arising from pituicytes, specialized glial cells in neurohypophysis and infundibulum\n - Part ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/duodenal-mass_fdf7bc57-7466-475e-af28-fba3e60f7b91.md",
"title": "Duodenal Mass",
"docid": "fdf7bc57-7466-475e-af28-fba3e60f7b91",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Duodenum",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Duodenal Mass"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Duodenum, Generic Imaging Patterns, Duodenal Mass",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Barium upper GI (UGI) series may suggest diagnosis or indicate finding\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/csf-like-parenchymal-lesions_24559f7a-ed5a-4ab6-90ba-769f0b5c1197.md",
"title": "CSF-Like Parenchymal Lesion(s)",
"docid": "24559f7a-ed5a-4ab6-90ba-769f0b5c1197",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Brain Parenchyma, General",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"CSF-Like Parenchymal Lesion(s)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "4b6589b0-9b8d-4467-8a90-01a0a59742fc",
"value": "Troy A. Hutchins, MD"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Brain Parenchyma, General, Generic Imaging Patterns, CSF-Like Parenchymal Lesion(s)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Key imaging questions\n - Does lesion follow CSF on all modalitie..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/temporal-bone-facial-nerve-venous-malformation-hemangioma_dcd6a44e-cbe6-457c-9b03-598a2b874ece.md",
"title": "Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Venous Malformation (Hemangioma)",
"docid": "dcd6a44e-cbe6-457c-9b03-598a2b874ece",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Diagnosis",
"Temporal Bone",
"Intratemporal Facial Nerve",
"Benign and Malignant Tumors",
"Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Venous Malformation (Hemangioma)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06",
"value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD"
},
{
"key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915",
"value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Temporal Bone, Intratemporal Facial Nerve, Benign and Malignant Tumors, Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Venous Malformation (Hemangioma)",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Facial nerve venous malformation (FNVM)\n - Older terms: Facial nerve hemangioma/ossifying hemangioma\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/glossopharyngeal-nerve-cnix_172680f5-d290-4a02-b07e-63c1da75e148.md",
"title": "Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)",
"docid": "172680f5-d290-4a02-b07e-63c1da75e148",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Skull Base and Cranial Nerves",
"Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3",
"value": "Aparna Singhal, MD"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 9th cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/trigeminal-neuralgia_294f4a67-30d6-4488-bd1a-931d1f8c7609.md",
"title": "Trigeminal Neuralgia",
"docid": "294f4a67-30d6-4488-bd1a-931d1f8c7609",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Cranial Nerves and Brainstem",
"Clinically Based Differentials",
"Trigeminal Neuralgia"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "eef2f839-5706-47b9-89c3-60d8315b2b3a",
"value": "Nicholas A. Koontz, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Cranial Nerves and Brainstem, Clinically Based Differentials, Trigeminal Neuralgia",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
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"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Overall statistics\n - 80-90% are due to vascular compression o..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/dilated-duodenum_1dc2128e-8fdc-41db-86ba-01fcae515a91.md",
"title": "Dilated Duodenum",
"docid": "1dc2128e-8fdc-41db-86ba-01fcae515a91",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Duodenum",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Dilated Duodenum"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Duodenum, Generic Imaging Patterns, Dilated Duodenum",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Fluoroscopy and CT/MR have complementary roles in evaluation of duodenal ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pia-and-perivascular-spaces_aade2e69-4af2-432e-8324-b4f0121d66d7.md",
"title": "Pia and Perivascular Spaces",
"docid": "aade2e69-4af2-432e-8324-b4f0121d66d7",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Scalp, Skull, and Meninges",
"Pia and Perivascular Spaces"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "4d7b64a2-00bd-47b1-9e98-1f3bd129a877",
"value": "Giuseppe Barisano, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Scalp, Skull, and Meninges, Pia and Perivascular Spaces",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Perivascular spaces (PVSs)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Virchow-Robin spaces (VRSs)\n - Note: I..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/gas-in-bile-ducts-or-gallbladder_c3a1dac6-424b-4de6-9d86-23a24b40637b.md",
"title": "Gas in Bile Ducts or Gallbladder",
"docid": "c3a1dac6-424b-4de6-9d86-23a24b40637b",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Gallbladder",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Gas in Bile Ducts or Gallbladder"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Generic Imaging Patterns, Gas in Bile Ducts or Gallbladder",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Gas in biliary system (pneumobilia or aerobilia) is sequelae of abnormal ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/frontal-recess-and-related-air-cells_f96e79b9-f0cf-4b43-aaf7-4453e8a36664.md",
"title": "Frontal Recess and Related Air Cells",
"docid": "f96e79b9-f0cf-4b43-aaf7-4453e8a36664",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Nose and Sinuses",
"Frontal Recess and Related Air Cells"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Nose and Sinuses, Frontal Recess and Related Air Cells",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
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"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Frontal recess (FR); agger nasi cell (AN); ethmoid bulla (EB); suprabullar cell (SBC); frontal bullar..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/colonic-wall-thickening_71ca9b30-6186-4129-957b-3b686b91b327.md",
"title": "Colonic Wall Thickening",
"docid": "71ca9b30-6186-4129-957b-3b686b91b327",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Colon",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Colonic Wall Thickening"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Colonic Wall Thickening",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - **Characterize length and site of involvement**\n - Focal (< 10 c..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/middle-ear-prolapsing-facial-nerve_61f6bcaa-f073-4385-b895-dc420ddc8a1e.md",
"title": "Middle Ear Prolapsing Facial Nerve",
"docid": "61f6bcaa-f073-4385-b895-dc420ddc8a1e",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Diagnosis",
"Temporal Bone",
"Intratemporal Facial Nerve",
"Pseudolesions",
"Middle Ear Prolapsing Facial Nerve"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
},
{
"key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915",
"value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Temporal Bone, Intratemporal Facial Nerve, Pseudolesions, Middle Ear Prolapsing Facial Nerve",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Definition: Midtympanic facial nerve (CNVII) segment protrudes through bony dehiscence\n - **CNVII ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-fossa-neoplasm-pediatric_22c55144-5db6-4235-9292-de3dd1315dd2.md",
"title": "Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Pediatric",
"docid": "22c55144-5db6-4235-9292-de3dd1315dd2",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Pediatric"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a",
"value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD"
},
{
"key": "e8af6d26-3aad-47c9-9083-5128aab09af2",
"value": "Susan I. Blaser, MD, FRCPC"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Anatomically Based Differentials, Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Pediatric",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Unlike in adults, primary neoplasm is more common than metastases in chil..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/limbic-network_e1a20b61-b2c1-44c5-ba04-59843855bfef.md",
"title": "Limbic Network",
"docid": "e1a20b61-b2c1-44c5-ba04-59843855bfef",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Brain Network Anatomy",
"Limbic Network"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Limbic Network",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Limbic network includes amygdala, striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, insula, medial temporal lobe, and cl..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/scalp-and-calvarial-vault_0783a6ca-5f20-48a8-802b-66c4578542f5.md",
"title": "Scalp and Calvarial Vault",
"docid": "0783a6ca-5f20-48a8-802b-66c4578542f5",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Scalp, Skull, and Meninges",
"Scalp and Calvarial Vault"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Scalp, Skull, and Meninges, Scalp and Calvarial Vault",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Bregma\n - Meeting of sagittal, coronal sutures (anterior fontanelle in neonates)\n - Lambda\n..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/intraventricular-obstructive-hydrocephalus_eeac8d9b-1fdc-432e-8e09-11589611f7a8.md",
"title": "Intraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus",
"docid": "eeac8d9b-1fdc-432e-8e09-11589611f7a8",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Ventricles and Cisterns",
"Hydrocephalus",
"Intraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Hydrocephalus, Intraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Intraventricular obstructive hydrocephalus (IVOH) = obstruction proximal to foramina of Luschka, Magendie\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cerebellopontine-angle-iac_aece0451-5c50-40e4-a325-5b4248298982.md",
"title": "Cerebellopontine Angle/IAC",
"docid": "aece0451-5c50-40e4-a325-5b4248298982",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Infratentorial Brain",
"Cerebellopontine Angle/IAC"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915",
"value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Infratentorial Brain, Cerebellopontine Angle/IAC",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and internal auditory canal (IAC)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - **CPA-IA..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/thalamus_b7f0cd6b-4ba2-4ed4-8dd0-5ca56d9ae92b.md",
"title": "Thalamus",
"docid": "b7f0cd6b-4ba2-4ed4-8dd0-5ca56d9ae92b",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Thalamus"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea",
"value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Thalamus",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
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],
"snippet": "\n## GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Part of diencephalon\n - Bilateral structures subdivided into multiple nuclei\n - Reciprocal thalamo..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/small-iac_9323a206-e7c6-4213-8493-7870b51c6adf.md",
"title": "Small IAC",
"docid": "9323a206-e7c6-4213-8493-7870b51c6adf",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Small IAC"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "d19354f3-7ff2-495a-ad3f-064122e45602",
"value": "Bernadette L. Koch, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Anatomically Based Differentials, Small IAC",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Small internal auditory canal (IAC) **≤ 2****mm diameter**\n - CT..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/clippers_ba394f3b-bbff-4128-90b5-3e1c07564c5f.md",
"title": "CLIPPERS",
"docid": "ba394f3b-bbff-4128-90b5-3e1c07564c5f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease",
"Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease",
"CLIPPERS"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, CLIPPERS",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - **C**hronic **l**ymphocytic **i**nflammation with**p**ontine **p**erivascular **e**nhancement **r**esponsiv..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/dolichoectasia_31d50b93-b057-4da3-86b5-4cc8fb0bc806.md",
"title": "Dolichoectasia",
"docid": "31d50b93-b057-4da3-86b5-4cc8fb0bc806",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Arteries",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Fusiform Arterial Enlargement"
],
"authors": null,
"pageKeywords": null,
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Ectasia = elongated/tortuous artery\n - Fusiform aneurysm\n - L..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/alzheimer-disease_2aad3ac4-44fd-43e5-8e50-a86987483af3.md",
"title": "Alzheimer Disease",
"docid": "2aad3ac4-44fd-43e5-8e50-a86987483af3",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Nuclear Medicine",
"Central Nervous System",
"Neurodegeneration",
"Alzheimer Disease"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "9d40c5b1-57d2-442c-9daf-8d8d9d53e24b",
"value": "Akiva Mintz, MD, PhD, MHA, CFA"
},
{
"key": "1f262abe-db83-4f18-99af-00bd3045cd4d",
"value": "Marc Benayoun, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "bbc899b6-2885-44bb-a5b0-24eec7314d33",
"value": "Bryan J. Neth, BS"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Nuclear Medicine, Central Nervous System, Neurodegeneration, Alzheimer Disease",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Alzheimer disease (AD)\n - Progressive neurodegenerative brain disease related to build up of (Aβ) ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/moyamoya_e15385dc-824d-431a-8df0-2b28bf909a2d.md",
"title": "Moyamoya",
"docid": "e15385dc-824d-431a-8df0-2b28bf909a2d",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Diagnosis",
"Pediatric Neuroradiology",
"Brain",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Stroke",
"Moyamoya"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Moyamoya",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Progressive narrowing of distal internal carotid artery (ICA) & proximal circle of Willis (COW) vessels → c..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cranial-nerves-overview_170ad135-ca16-497a-80de-5a24b9ca2f47.md",
"title": "Cranial Nerves Overview",
"docid": "170ad135-ca16-497a-80de-5a24b9ca2f47",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Cranial Nerves",
"Cranial Nerves Overview"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD"
},
{
"key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915",
"value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD"
},
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, Cranial Nerves Overview",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Olfactory nerve: CNI\n - Optic nerve: CNII\n - Oculomotor nerve: CNIII\n - Trochlear nerve: CNIV\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/acute-left-abdominal-pain_65c32297-ce9e-41dd-80b5-60fd7160f2a6.md",
"title": "Acute Left Abdominal Pain",
"docid": "65c32297-ce9e-41dd-80b5-60fd7160f2a6",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Colon",
"Clinically Based Differentials",
"Acute Left Abdominal Pain"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Clinically Based Differentials, Acute Left Abdominal Pain",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Most etiologies are of bowel origin, but consider genitourinary\n - Do ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cavum-velum-interpositum-cvi_849ee468-35c4-46e3-9297-96196109cdb8.md",
"title": "Cavum Velum Interpositum (CVI)",
"docid": "849ee468-35c4-46e3-9297-96196109cdb8",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Ventricles and Cisterns",
"Normal Variants",
"Cavum Velum Interpositum (CVI)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Normal Variants, Cavum Velum Interpositum (CVI)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Cavum velum interpositum (CVI), cyst of velum interpositum (VI)\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Triangular CSF spa..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/skull-base-overview_a63a24e0-d077-4a32-a355-2092de4f84f3.md",
"title": "Skull Base Overview",
"docid": "a63a24e0-d077-4a32-a355-2092de4f84f3",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Skull Base and Cranial Nerves",
"Skull Base Overview"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Skull Base Overview",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Skull base (SB)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - SB: Complex osseous foundation of cranial vault, separa..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/congenital-vertebral-anomalies_ab73d84c-72ba-4b78-be92-b66bb0a067e4.md",
"title": "Congenital Vertebral Anomalies",
"docid": "ab73d84c-72ba-4b78-be92-b66bb0a067e4",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Congenital Vertebral Anomalies"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
},
{
"key": "86b8c311-8667-4afd-9b2b-0c2036a02b8a",
"value": "Julia Crim, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Anatomically Based Differentials, Congenital Vertebral Anomalies",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Must decide if single or multiple levels involved\n - Abnormalities a..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pituitary-anomalies_09ca9b54-a3d9-43fd-a9cc-4c0212b578a1.md",
"title": "Pituitary Anomalies",
"docid": "09ca9b54-a3d9-43fd-a9cc-4c0212b578a1",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Congenital",
"Pituitary Anomalies"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Congenital, Pituitary Anomalies",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
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],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Congenital anomalies of pituitary stalk → potential hypothalamic/pituitary axis malfunction\n- ## Imaging\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/facial-muscles-and-superficial-musculoaponeurotic-system_80a3629d-d41e-4efd-9dac-4f19bbdea9db.md",
"title": "Facial Muscles and Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System",
"docid": "80a3629d-d41e-4efd-9dac-4f19bbdea9db",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Face",
"Facial Muscles and Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Face, Facial Muscles and Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Mimetic muscles/mimic musc..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pituitary-anomalies_7d8a9cfc-1fec-42d1-a833-0ba45e84468b.md",
"title": "Pituitary Anomalies",
"docid": "7d8a9cfc-1fec-42d1-a833-0ba45e84468b",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Congenital",
"Pituitary Anomalies"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
},
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Congenital, Pituitary Anomalies",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Congenital anomalies of pituitary stalk → potential hypothalamic/pituitary axis malfunction\n- ### Imaging..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/functional-network-overview_7b97f239-0f6f-4809-ac44-594cdf4842d5.md",
"title": "Functional Network Overview",
"docid": "7b97f239-0f6f-4809-ac44-594cdf4842d5",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Functional MRI",
"Functional Network Anatomy",
"Functional Network Overview"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Functional MRI, Functional Network Anatomy, Functional Network Overview",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Numerous proposed brain network parcellations show similar features, with at least 5 core networks com..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cniii-oculomotor-nerve_ad21daaf-1f28-4f9c-bc74-3d0142c167ab.md",
"title": "CNIII (Oculomotor Nerve)",
"docid": "ad21daaf-1f28-4f9c-bc74-3d0142c167ab",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Cranial Nerves",
"CNIII (Oculomotor Nerve) "
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNIII (Oculomotor Nerve) ",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Oculomotor nerve (CNIII, CN3)\n - Oculomotor nuclear complex (ONC)\n - Extraocular muscle (EOM)\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pons_fc185efd-1f7a-4804-95f6-a49d0fa8aefb.md",
"title": "Pons",
"docid": "fc185efd-1f7a-4804-95f6-a49d0fa8aefb",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Infratentorial Brain",
"Pons"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "4d7b64a2-00bd-47b1-9e98-1f3bd129a877",
"value": "Giuseppe Barisano, MD"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Infratentorial Brain, Pons",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Cerebellopontine angle (CPA)\n - Cranial nerves (CN): Trigeminal nerve (CNV), abducens nerve (CNVI)..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/thickened-duodenal-folds_6a39152f-af80-41cb-8f83-86dbff0b21e6.md",
"title": "Thickened Duodenal Folds",
"docid": "6a39152f-af80-41cb-8f83-86dbff0b21e6",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Duodenum",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Thickened Duodenal Folds"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Duodenum, Generic Imaging Patterns, Thickened Duodenal Folds",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Barium UGI and CT: Complementary studies\n - Fluoroscopic studies..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/t2-hyperintense-brainstem-focal_86624054-72cb-431c-b77c-0ad8e047747b.md",
"title": "T2-Hyperintense Brainstem, Focal",
"docid": "86624054-72cb-431c-b77c-0ad8e047747b",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"T2-Hyperintense Brainstem, Focal"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Anatomically Based Differentials, T2-Hyperintense Brainstem, Focal",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical history is key to accurate diagnosis\n - Enhancement pattern..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cardiac-mass_fa1f894a-4619-4657-b99b-a967a3e4e871.md",
"title": "Cardiac Mass",
"docid": "fa1f894a-4619-4657-b99b-a967a3e4e871",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Cardiac Mass"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "df804626-c042-4296-96e3-836a6da50fd6",
"value": "Gregory Kicska, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Differential Diagnosis, Cardiac Mass",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical impact is most affected by determination of possible malignancy\n..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cerebral-hemispheres-overview_7006e397-5012-4027-aff8-e8d7158166ee.md",
"title": "Cerebral Hemispheres Overview",
"docid": "7006e397-5012-4027-aff8-e8d7158166ee",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Cerebral Hemispheres Overview"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Cerebral Hemispheres Overview",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Gyri: Complex convolutions of brain cortex\n - Sulci (fissure): CSF-filled grooves or clefts that sep..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/hyperplastic-vertebral-marrow_79f936c4-e882-4d98-81d0-51125aaf5b71.md",
"title": "Hyperplastic Vertebral Marrow",
"docid": "79f936c4-e882-4d98-81d0-51125aaf5b71",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Diagnosis",
"Infection and Inflammatory Disorders",
"Neoplasms, Cysts, and Other Masses",
"Systemic Disorders",
"Spinal Manifestations of Systemic Diseases",
"Hyperplastic Vertebral Marrow"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
},
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Diagnosis, Infection and Inflammatory Disorders, Neoplasms, Cysts, and Other Masses, Systemic Disorders, Spinal Manifestations of Systemic Diseases, Hyperplastic Vertebral Marrow",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Physiologic process where fatty marrow is converted to red marrow in response to systemic stress\n- ### Im..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/circle-of-willis_a28a5935-0d92-4f1b-8fec-e67bef9e7bb6.md",
"title": "Circle of Willis",
"docid": "a28a5935-0d92-4f1b-8fec-e67bef9e7bb6",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Intracranial Arteries",
"Circle of Willis"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b",
"value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "afaec833-e997-49c4-8eab-e28310c6c2bf",
"value": "Adriene C. Eastaway, MD, MS"
},
{
"key": "4d7b64a2-00bd-47b1-9e98-1f3bd129a877",
"value": "Giuseppe Barisano, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Circle of Willis",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Circulus arteriosus\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Central arterial anastomotic ring of brain\n\n## GROSS ANA..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cerebral-hyperperfusion-syndrome_e66febb9-d79e-4f04-88b1-205ba8a0822f.md",
"title": "Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome",
"docid": "e66febb9-d79e-4f04-88b1-205ba8a0822f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Stroke",
"Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction",
"Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction, Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Rare disorder most commonly occurring as complication of cerebral revascularization\n - Other etiol..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/multiple-enhancing-cranial-nerves_51aa5cf6-fd25-48be-af16-7487b880d0e8.md",
"title": "Multiple Enhancing Cranial Nerves",
"docid": "51aa5cf6-fd25-48be-af16-7487b880d0e8",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Extraaxial Spaces and Subarachnoid Cisterns",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Multiple Enhancing Cranial Nerves"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Extraaxial Spaces and Subarachnoid Cisterns, Generic Imaging Patterns, Multiple Enhancing Cranial Nerves",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Cranial nerve (CN) surrounded by connective tissue sheaths\n - ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/multiple-sclerosis_7892b2a2-f52a-4d7f-9858-a326f2b7ab04.md",
"title": "Multiple Sclerosis",
"docid": "7892b2a2-f52a-4d7f-9858-a326f2b7ab04",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease",
"Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease",
"Multiple Sclerosis"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, Multiple Sclerosis",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Idiopathic chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of CNS\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Multiple perpendicula..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/ductus-diverticulum_9b1101bc-83a2-445c-aef5-53d633e5bec0.md",
"title": "Ductus Diverticulum",
"docid": "9b1101bc-83a2-445c-aef5-53d633e5bec0",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Ductus Diverticulum"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a354e6da-2757-40e8-b7ff-5e6fb6413ff6",
"value": "Sachin S. Saboo, MD, FRCR, FSCMR"
},
{
"key": "770e1d77-2287-436e-910b-48232afc7842",
"value": "Prabhakar Rajiah, MBBS, MD, FACR, FRCR, FACC, FAHA, FSCCT"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Ductus Diverticulum",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Smooth focal bulge along anteromedial aspect of aortic isthmus at site of obliterated ductus arteriosus\n- #..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/calcified-suprasellar-mass_b61b0b70-de36-45f9-88a2-162a9758b729.md",
"title": "Calcified Suprasellar Mass",
"docid": "b61b0b70-de36-45f9-88a2-162a9758b729",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Calcified Suprasellar Mass"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "e0282a62-994d-4550-a127-1eb773b1e920",
"value": "Blair A. Winegar, MD"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Calcified Suprasellar Mass",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Is Ca⁺⁺ curvilinear, punctate, globular, etc.?\n - Does lesion enhance?..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cpa-mass-adult_f3cd22f6-53b9-4392-be23-512d221d2e02.md",
"title": "CPA Mass, Adult",
"docid": "f3cd22f6-53b9-4392-be23-512d221d2e02",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"CPA Mass, Adult"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06",
"value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Anatomically Based Differentials, CPA Mass, Adult",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Idealized imaging protocol in evaluating CPA mass lesions\n - T1 ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/esophageal-outpouchings-diverticula_1a008bac-0dfa-4de6-8146-eb658acfe302.md",
"title": "Esophageal Outpouchings (Diverticula)",
"docid": "1a008bac-0dfa-4de6-8146-eb658acfe302",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Esophagus",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Esophageal Outpouchings (Diverticula)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Generic Imaging Patterns, Esophageal Outpouchings (Diverticula)",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Most diverticula are pulsion and are associated with abnormalities of eso..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/neurodegeneration-with-brain-iron-accumulation-nbia_8e3465d1-d058-48d8-863c-1fd85cc6caee.md",
"title": "Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA)",
"docid": "8e3465d1-d058-48d8-863c-1fd85cc6caee",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Miscellaneous",
"Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Miscellaneous, Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA)",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA)\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Characteristic findings of 1..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pediatric-multiple-sclerosis-brain_f2592b04-f800-4235-9eea-a43f2bf4adfe.md",
"title": "Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis, Brain",
"docid": "f2592b04-f800-4235-9eea-a43f2bf4adfe",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Diagnosis",
"Pediatric Neuroradiology",
"Brain",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease",
"Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis, Brain"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis, Brain",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Probable autoimmune-mediated demyelination in which environmental factors act upon genetically susceptible ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/enlarged-vertebral-body-soap-bubble-expansion_e70e63fa-7f03-4881-810f-f1cefcd80658.md",
"title": "Enlarged Vertebral Body, Soap Bubble Expansion",
"docid": "e70e63fa-7f03-4881-810f-f1cefcd80658",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements",
"Modality-Specific Imaging Findings",
"Enlarged Vertebral Body, Soap Bubble Expansion"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
},
{
"key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea",
"value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Enlarged Vertebral Body, Soap Bubble Expansion",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Zone of transition is helpful to assess aggressiveness\n - Multiplici..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cisterna-magna-mass_047add0c-7e4f-40a0-9933-8d6fa00a24f7.md",
"title": "Cisterna Magna Mass",
"docid": "047add0c-7e4f-40a0-9933-8d6fa00a24f7",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Cisterna Magna Mass"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "d19354f3-7ff2-495a-ad3f-064122e45602",
"value": "Bernadette L. Koch, MD"
},
{
"key": "20008105-51da-4bbf-aba6-e8253b2d9c21",
"value": "Daniel E. Meltzer, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Anatomically Based Differentials, Cisterna Magna Mass",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Cisterna magna (CM) between medulla (anterior), occiput (posterior) (a.k...."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/colloid-cyst_1dd74fcf-b879-406b-a848-3ac31c95ae5f.md",
"title": "Colloid Cyst",
"docid": "1dd74fcf-b879-406b-a848-3ac31c95ae5f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Primary Nonneoplastic Cysts",
"Colloid Cyst"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Primary Nonneoplastic Cysts, Colloid Cyst",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Unilocular, mucin-containing 3rd ventricular cyst\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - > 99% are wedged into foramen of..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/demyelinating-diseases_e3ba880e-d924-4594-a6f4-c21c5f1f0ae7.md",
"title": "Demyelinating Diseases",
"docid": "e3ba880e-d924-4594-a6f4-c21c5f1f0ae7",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Diagnosis",
"Brain",
"Metabolic, Infectious, and Inflammatory Disorders",
"Demyelinating Diseases"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "838e1722-2479-4fbd-a5fe-d965980a1a2c",
"value": "Blaise V. Jones, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Brain, Metabolic, Infectious, and Inflammatory Disorders, Demyelinating Diseases",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Diagnostic Checklist\n \n \n - Multiple sclerosis (MS)\n - Demyelinating disease characterized by multiple lesions dissem..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/temporal-bone-facial-nerve-schwannoma_cf2bcc82-4a1b-4989-adeb-f4e82116111b.md",
"title": "Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Schwannoma",
"docid": "cf2bcc82-4a1b-4989-adeb-f4e82116111b",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Diagnosis",
"Temporal Bone",
"Intratemporal Facial Nerve",
"Benign and Malignant Tumors",
"Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Schwannoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06",
"value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD"
},
{
"key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915",
"value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Temporal Bone, Intratemporal Facial Nerve, Benign and Malignant Tumors, Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Schwannoma",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Facial nerve schwannoma (FNS): Rare benign tumor of Schwann cells that invests intratemporal facial nerve (..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/subependymoma_b899ded1-d2f2-4dc4-9812-48d3fb194117.md",
"title": "Subependymoma",
"docid": "b899ded1-d2f2-4dc4-9812-48d3fb194117",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Neoplasms",
"Gliomas, Glioneuronal Tumors, and Neuronal Tumors",
"Ependymal tumors",
"Subependymoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Neoplasms, Gliomas, Glioneuronal Tumors, and Neuronal Tumors, Ependymal tumors, Subependymoma",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Rare, benign, well-differentiated, intraventricular ependymal tumor, typically attached to ventricular wall..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cerebellar-overview_b624e76f-15b9-4c1f-910e-8f5581ac2cfe.md",
"title": "Cerebellar Overview",
"docid": "b624e76f-15b9-4c1f-910e-8f5581ac2cfe",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Infratentorial Brain",
"Cerebellar Overview"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea",
"value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Infratentorial Brain, Cerebellar Overview",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Cerebellum is composed of cortical gray matter surrounding subcortical white matter\n - Primary fiss..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/dementia-with-lewy-bodies_e8e46d1d-46d2-4e5a-880f-f025a84c5871.md",
"title": "Dementia With Lewy Bodies",
"docid": "e8e46d1d-46d2-4e5a-880f-f025a84c5871",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Dementias and Degenerative Disorders",
"Dementia With Lewy Bodies"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Dementia With Lewy Bodies",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Progressive neurodegenerative dementia\n - Parkinsonism, visual hallucinations prominent\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/vestibulocochlear-nerve-cnviii_498e844d-faca-4c6a-bff1-9c6ad4993e62.md",
"title": "Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CNVIII)",
"docid": "498e844d-faca-4c6a-bff1-9c6ad4993e62",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Skull Base and Cranial Nerves",
"Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CNVIII)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
},
{
"key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809",
"value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CNVIII)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 8th cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/acute-right-lower-quadrant-pain_0cf67a29-c8c8-4ffc-83d6-99f0ee0b8dd8.md",
"title": "Acute Right Lower Quadrant Pain",
"docid": "0cf67a29-c8c8-4ffc-83d6-99f0ee0b8dd8",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Colon",
"Clinically Based Differentials",
"Acute Right Lower Quadrant Pain"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Clinically Based Differentials, Acute Right Lower Quadrant Pain",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Young men: Appendicitis, mesenteric enteritis/adenitis, epiploic appendag..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/epidermoid-cyst_704c5ddf-e1f7-4a5d-a1b8-5b0e603170d9.md",
"title": "Epidermoid Cyst",
"docid": "704c5ddf-e1f7-4a5d-a1b8-5b0e603170d9",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Primary Nonneoplastic Cysts",
"Epidermoid Cyst"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Primary Nonneoplastic Cysts, Epidermoid Cyst",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Intracranial epidermoids (\"pearly\" tumor)\n - Congenital ectodermal inclusion cysts, not true neopl..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/anterior-skull-base_8560e63f-c92b-4fe1-99f3-2006f1a66c32.md",
"title": "Anterior Skull Base",
"docid": "8560e63f-c92b-4fe1-99f3-2006f1a66c32",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Skull Base and Cranial Nerves",
"Anterior Skull Base"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Anterior Skull Base",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Anterior skull base (ASB): Skull base anterior to lesser wing of sphenoid (LWS) and planum sphenoidale\n..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/arteriolosclerosis_07e561a5-0554-4867-b811-448c36890ee3.md",
"title": "Arteriolosclerosis",
"docid": "07e561a5-0554-4867-b811-448c36890ee3",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Stroke",
"Atherosclerosis and Carotid Stenosis",
"Arteriolosclerosis"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "2bca6b86-1eca-4e93-b997-4e18913686a7",
"value": "Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Atherosclerosis and Carotid Stenosis, Arteriolosclerosis",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Sclerosis of small-sized arteries (arterioles)\n - Common with chronic hypertension (HTN) &/or di..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pilomyxoid-astrocytoma_7208af53-1e09-411a-951d-1ea7bd40be53.md",
"title": "Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma",
"docid": "7208af53-1e09-411a-951d-1ea7bd40be53",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Diagnosis",
"Pediatric Neuroradiology",
"Brain",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Neoplasms",
"Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Neoplasms, Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA): More aggressive, myxoid variant of pilocytic astrocytoma (PA)\n - Hig..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/dilated-aorta_9daee273-f1e9-4cf9-a979-8990a9b82e40.md",
"title": "Dilated Aorta",
"docid": "9daee273-f1e9-4cf9-a979-8990a9b82e40",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Dilated Aorta"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "df804626-c042-4296-96e3-836a6da50fd6",
"value": "Gregory Kicska, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Differential Diagnosis, Dilated Aorta",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Pathology indicated by outer diameter measurements\n - Measuremen..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/periventricular-enhancing-lesions_0edb9603-ea97-4f3b-be82-21d53c42be32.md",
"title": "Periventricular Enhancing Lesions",
"docid": "0edb9603-ea97-4f3b-be82-21d53c42be32",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Ventricles, Periventricular Regions",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Periventricular Enhancing Lesions"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "30ce27b2-237f-4aff-a88f-65ead356335b",
"value": "Marinos Kontzialis, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Ventricles, Periventricular Regions, Generic Imaging Patterns, Periventricular Enhancing Lesions",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - DWI MR may help differentiate various etiologies\n- ## Helpful Clues for C..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/vasospasm_341f9578-93fe-465b-93b8-71b878e06433.md",
"title": "Vasospasm",
"docid": "341f9578-93fe-465b-93b8-71b878e06433",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Stroke",
"Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy",
"Vasospasm"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy, Vasospasm",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Reversible stenosis of intracranial arteries\n - Caused by exposure to blood breakdown products\n- ## Imag..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/memory-overview_40e2e25f-421b-4653-94e3-641b09b47e4d.md",
"title": "Memory Overview",
"docid": "40e2e25f-421b-4653-94e3-641b09b47e4d",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Brain Network Anatomy",
"Memory Overview"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Memory Overview",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Procedural memory: Long-term memory that does not require conscious recollection such as motor skills, ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/default-mode-network_a29f7551-d39d-4deb-933e-b8d2816168c3.md",
"title": "Default Mode Network",
"docid": "a29f7551-d39d-4deb-933e-b8d2816168c3",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Functional MRI",
"Functional Network Anatomy",
"Default Mode Network"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Functional MRI, Functional Network Anatomy, Default Mode Network",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Set of brain regions activated during stimulus-independent thought\n - Includes 3 subnetworks: Dorsa..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/attention-control-network_a1bedda5-6478-40b2-98e7-6c5f5363b06f.md",
"title": "Attention Control Network",
"docid": "a1bedda5-6478-40b2-98e7-6c5f5363b06f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Brain Network Anatomy",
"Attention Control Network"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Attention Control Network",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n# IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ## Overview\n \n \n - Attention control network is a constellation of distributed brain networks processing attention to exter..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/brainstem-overview_bf889ffb-646b-429d-8699-d9bd34e8e193.md",
"title": "Brainstem Overview",
"docid": "bf889ffb-646b-429d-8699-d9bd34e8e193",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Infratentorial Brain",
"Brainstem Overview"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea",
"value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Infratentorial Brain, Brainstem Overview",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Main components\n - Cranial nerve nuclei\n - Long tracts\n - Cerebellar connec..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/irregular-lateral-ventricles_f42ce651-9877-480b-90d8-665be656b33f.md",
"title": "Irregular Lateral Ventricles",
"docid": "f42ce651-9877-480b-90d8-665be656b33f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Ventricles, Periventricular Regions",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Irregular Lateral Ventricles"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "30ce27b2-237f-4aff-a88f-65ead356335b",
"value": "Marinos Kontzialis, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Ventricles, Periventricular Regions, Generic Imaging Patterns, Irregular Lateral Ventricles",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Irregular ventricles may be result of obstruction, chronic volume loss, &..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/lewy-body-dementia_f6a4382b-f0f7-4582-a703-7f695c65656f.md",
"title": "Lewy Body Dementia",
"docid": "f6a4382b-f0f7-4582-a703-7f695c65656f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Nuclear Medicine",
"Central Nervous System",
"Neurodegeneration",
"Lewy Body Dementia"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1f262abe-db83-4f18-99af-00bd3045cd4d",
"value": "Marc Benayoun, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "9d40c5b1-57d2-442c-9daf-8d8d9d53e24b",
"value": "Akiva Mintz, MD, PhD, MHA, CFA"
},
{
"key": "bbc899b6-2885-44bb-a5b0-24eec7314d33",
"value": "Bryan J. Neth, BS"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Nuclear Medicine, Central Nervous System, Neurodegeneration, Lewy Body Dementia",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by parkinsonism, visual hallucinations, fluctuations in..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/lymphangioma-mesenteric-cyst_bb42a128-c819-4368-a085-232b6db3434c.md",
"title": "Lymphangioma (Mesenteric Cyst)",
"docid": "bb42a128-c819-4368-a085-232b6db3434c",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Diagnosis",
"Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall",
"Benign Neoplasms",
"Lymphangioma (Mesenteric Cyst)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Diagnosis, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall, Benign Neoplasms, Lymphangioma (Mesenteric Cyst)",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Generic descriptive term for variety of different benign, congenital, cystic masses that can arise in mesen..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/other-deep-gray-nuclei_aba59a23-3d05-4ef5-a004-fc928a7c40d6.md",
"title": "Other Deep Gray Nuclei",
"docid": "aba59a23-3d05-4ef5-a004-fc928a7c40d6",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Other Deep Gray Nuclei"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea",
"value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Other Deep Gray Nuclei",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
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"Keywords",
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],
"snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Red nucleus (RN)\n - Caudoventral magnocellular part (mcRN) and rostrodorsal parvocellular par..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/craniovertebral-junction-soft-tissue-abnormality_3a8dca6c-3452-4cbb-ab83-5e9610d3f0f0.md",
"title": "Craniovertebral Junction Soft Tissue Abnormality",
"docid": "3a8dca6c-3452-4cbb-ab83-5e9610d3f0f0",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Craniovertebral Junction",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Craniovertebral Junction Soft Tissue Abnormality"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Craniovertebral Junction, Anatomically Based Differentials, Craniovertebral Junction Soft Tissue Abnormality",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Do intralesion calcifications represent arc-whorl intralesional calcifica..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/thick-infundibular-stalk_98b49a22-13ba-4173-aa24-695a146107da.md",
"title": "Thick Infundibular Stalk",
"docid": "98b49a22-13ba-4173-aa24-695a146107da",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Thick Infundibular Stalk"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "318f80ab-6abb-4067-a809-2ebdaa5a30c9",
"value": "Kalen Riley, MD, MBA"
},
{
"key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a",
"value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Thick Infundibular Stalk",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Appearance of normal stalk\n - Tapers from top (at tuber cinereum..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-als_23de52b7-d9bd-441c-a18c-95c8afccb470.md",
"title": "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)",
"docid": "23de52b7-d9bd-441c-a18c-95c8afccb470",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Dementias and Degenerative Disorders",
"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)\n - Selective degeneration of somatic motor neurons of brainstem/spin..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/abusive-head-trauma_c57982e3-fa8f-4fd6-9184-04fd1d37a906.md",
"title": "Abusive Head Trauma",
"docid": "c57982e3-fa8f-4fd6-9184-04fd1d37a906",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Diagnosis",
"Pediatric Neuroradiology",
"Brain",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Trauma",
"Abusive Head Trauma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Trauma, Abusive Head Trauma",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Abusive head trauma (AHT)\n - Traumatic injury inflicted on infants & children by adults\n- ## Imaging\n \n..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/vertebral-body-t1-hyperintense-signal-focal_42d3f6b0-71b6-4f3c-8b1f-8688269148d6.md",
"title": "Vertebral Body, T1-Hyperintense Signal, Focal",
"docid": "42d3f6b0-71b6-4f3c-8b1f-8688269148d6",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements",
"Modality-Specific Imaging Findings",
"Vertebral Body, T1-Hyperintense Signal, Focal"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
},
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Vertebral Body, T1-Hyperintense Signal, Focal",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Use fat saturation &/or STIR MR to distinguish fat from other etiologie..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/sellar-juxtasellar-calcification_abd4d403-1196-4957-a168-e0c5507b1008.md",
"title": "Sellar/Juxtasellar Calcification",
"docid": "abd4d403-1196-4957-a168-e0c5507b1008",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Sellar/Juxtasellar Calcification"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "e0282a62-994d-4550-a127-1eb773b1e920",
"value": "Blair A. Winegar, MD"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Sellar/Juxtasellar Calcification",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
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],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Is patient asymptomatic?\n - Is calcification physiologic or pathologic..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/colonic-ileus-or-dilation_85d23777-3d1b-4f53-8733-e2553061469b.md",
"title": "Colonic Ileus or Dilation",
"docid": "85d23777-3d1b-4f53-8733-e2553061469b",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Colon",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Colonic Ileus or Dilation"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Colonic Ileus or Dilation",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Do not assume colonic dilation is ileus without considering rectal or dis..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/vertebral-body-t1-hypointense-signal-diffuse_5f4ceb8f-867f-4b4d-8149-57a906489453.md",
"title": "Vertebral Body, T1-Hypointense Signal, Diffuse",
"docid": "5f4ceb8f-867f-4b4d-8149-57a906489453",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements",
"Modality-Specific Imaging Findings",
"Vertebral Body, T1-Hypointense Signal, Diffuse"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
},
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Vertebral Body, T1-Hypointense Signal, Diffuse",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Determine whether there is diffusely abnormal, hypointense vertebral ma..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/penetrating-atherosclerotic-ulcer_63f6cba2-2200-456a-8d03-ac3111e420c8.md",
"title": "Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer",
"docid": "63f6cba2-2200-456a-8d03-ac3111e420c8",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "9ad9af12-61a1-44d6-af52-0ee1f38eb298",
"value": "Davis Vigneault, MD, DPhil"
},
{
"key": "5de0df07-7b3e-4678-8767-1519e1153f29",
"value": "Dominik Fleischmann, MD"
},
{
"key": "10bb95ac-a27a-4ebe-833b-e59fea07734b",
"value": "Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Ulceration of atherosclerotic plaque that penetrates internal elastic lamina into media with variable amoun..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/large-brainstem_888e533f-b2e1-4a61-b45e-f042ff0ecce5.md",
"title": "Large Brainstem",
"docid": "888e533f-b2e1-4a61-b45e-f042ff0ecce5",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Large Brainstem"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Anatomically Based Differentials, Large Brainstem",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Brainstem Glioma**\n - WHO 2021 terminology: Diffuse midline..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cystic-appearing-posterior-fossa-lesion_384912cc-94d4-4d58-89bb-f378acf18b4d.md",
"title": "Cystic-Appearing Posterior Fossa Lesion",
"docid": "384912cc-94d4-4d58-89bb-f378acf18b4d",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Cystic-Appearing Posterior Fossa Lesion"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Generic Imaging Patterns, Cystic-Appearing Posterior Fossa Lesion",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical features to consider\n - Common signs & symptoms: Macr..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/mycotic-aneurysm_20616d0a-7e0b-48d9-9be9-1af29e3dd6da.md",
"title": "Mycotic Aneurysm",
"docid": "20616d0a-7e0b-48d9-9be9-1af29e3dd6da",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Mycotic Aneurysm"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "ee6ece9d-ad74-458c-a8df-11628ae7f879",
"value": "Arzu Canan, MD"
},
{
"key": "3d1e4c57-c1cf-4c89-b0f0-5d82b29a31e1",
"value": "Suhny Abbara, MD, FACR, MSCCT, FNASCI"
},
{
"key": "501b57b9-1723-4b1e-b21e-d4516655fac8",
"value": "Sanjeeva P. Kalva, MD, FSIR, FCIRSE"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Mycotic Aneurysm",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Aneurysm arising from infection of arterial wall, usually bacterial\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Rapidly growin..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/childhood-stroke_ac8a5544-dee5-4712-ad19-7c649e8af035.md",
"title": "Childhood Stroke",
"docid": "ac8a5544-dee5-4712-ad19-7c649e8af035",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Diagnosis",
"Pediatric Neuroradiology",
"Brain",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Stroke",
"Childhood Stroke"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Childhood Stroke",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Acute neurologic dysfunction due to loss of vascular integrity\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - NECT: ↓ attenuation..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/superior-parietal-cortex-areas-5-7_8ef3ce14-bb79-4476-8e98-93674261dc1f.md",
"title": "Superior Parietal Cortex (Areas 5, 7)",
"docid": "8ef3ce14-bb79-4476-8e98-93674261dc1f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Superior Parietal Cortex (Areas 5, 7)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Superior Parietal Cortex (Areas 5, 7)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
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"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Medial wall of intraparietal sulcus\n - Superior parietal lobule\n - Precuneus\n - Poste..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/parkinsonian-syndromes_2b99b31a-ec1a-4dce-bb63-2a101fe9f044.md",
"title": "Parkinsonian Syndromes",
"docid": "2b99b31a-ec1a-4dce-bb63-2a101fe9f044",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Nuclear Medicine",
"Central Nervous System",
"Neurodegeneration",
"Parkinsonian Syndromes"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "9d40c5b1-57d2-442c-9daf-8d8d9d53e24b",
"value": "Akiva Mintz, MD, PhD, MHA, CFA"
},
{
"key": "cfdbf358-617e-410b-994f-8b48b03fdb8c",
"value": "Jongho Kim, MD, PhD, FACNM"
},
{
"key": "1f262abe-db83-4f18-99af-00bd3045cd4d",
"value": "Marc Benayoun, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Nuclear Medicine, Central Nervous System, Neurodegeneration, Parkinsonian Syndromes",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Chronic, progressive brain disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons that leads to tremors at ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/language-overview_40f2ed79-0d31-4943-aaa2-7c3244a7e87b.md",
"title": "Language Overview",
"docid": "40f2ed79-0d31-4943-aaa2-7c3244a7e87b",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Brain Network Anatomy",
"Language Overview"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Language Overview",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Receptive language: Perception of spoken or written language\n - Expressive language: Generating word..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/normal-aging-brain_7a76b1cd-006d-4bb5-9528-8634be8c88d6.md",
"title": "Normal Aging Brain",
"docid": "7a76b1cd-006d-4bb5-9528-8634be8c88d6",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Dementias and Degenerative Disorders",
"Normal Aging Brain"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Normal Aging Brain",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - ↓ overall brain volume with advancing age\n - Reflected in relative ↑ CSF spaces\n- ### Imaging\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/giant-cell-arteritis_208eca17-81b8-448c-b8be-80e274dccc42.md",
"title": "Giant Cell Arteritis",
"docid": "208eca17-81b8-448c-b8be-80e274dccc42",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Giant Cell Arteritis"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "ee6ece9d-ad74-458c-a8df-11628ae7f879",
"value": "Arzu Canan, MD"
},
{
"key": "3d1e4c57-c1cf-4c89-b0f0-5d82b29a31e1",
"value": "Suhny Abbara, MD, FACR, MSCCT, FNASCI"
},
{
"key": "10bb95ac-a27a-4ebe-833b-e59fea07734b",
"value": "Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Giant Cell Arteritis",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Chronic, systemic, large or medium-sized, often granulomatous vasculitis\n - Often involves thoraci..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/anterior-cerebral-artery_1da0f3ae-7858-4ad7-bc22-ea2a245a4214.md",
"title": "Anterior Cerebral Artery",
"docid": "1da0f3ae-7858-4ad7-bc22-ea2a245a4214",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Intracranial Arteries",
"Anterior Cerebral Artery"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Anterior Cerebral Artery",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)\n\n## GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Smaller, more medial ter..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pkan_aa473236-a733-4f9b-8d92-267ab8d4bcd9.md",
"title": "PKAN",
"docid": "aa473236-a733-4f9b-8d92-267ab8d4bcd9",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Miscellaneous",
"PKAN"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
},
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Miscellaneous, PKAN",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN)\n - Pantothenate kinase 2 (*PANK2*) mutatio..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/olfactory-nerve-cni_c4a6920b-a112-4a51-921f-60d2f0a479ef.md",
"title": "Olfactory Nerve (CNI)",
"docid": "c4a6920b-a112-4a51-921f-60d2f0a479ef",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Skull Base and Cranial Nerves",
"Olfactory Nerve (CNI)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3",
"value": "Aparna Singhal, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Olfactory Nerve (CNI)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
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"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Olfactory nerve (CNI)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 1st cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CNI:..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/superficial-cerebral-veins_af5cea88-c034-40fd-ac92-5a2794341ed0.md",
"title": "Superficial Cerebral Veins",
"docid": "af5cea88-c034-40fd-ac92-5a2794341ed0",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Veins and Venous Sinuses",
"Superficial Cerebral Veins"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b",
"value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "afaec833-e997-49c4-8eab-e28310c6c2bf",
"value": "Adriene C. Eastaway, MD, MS"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Veins and Venous Sinuses, Superficial Cerebral Veins",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV)\n - Deep middle cerebral vein (DMCV)\n - Vein of Trolard ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/childhood-stroke_12f14b63-8dd0-4523-afe1-6fda2331e6bf.md",
"title": "Childhood Stroke",
"docid": "12f14b63-8dd0-4523-afe1-6fda2331e6bf",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Stroke",
"Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction",
"Childhood Stroke"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
},
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction, Childhood Stroke",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Acute neurologic dysfunction due to loss of vascular integrity\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - NECT: ↓ attenuation..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/seizure_a09dca6c-f7f3-4a33-8749-a362668690b4.md",
"title": "Seizure",
"docid": "a09dca6c-f7f3-4a33-8749-a362668690b4",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Nuclear Medicine",
"Central Nervous System",
"Brain Perfusion",
"Seizure"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "d2ed5cde-67ab-491a-963b-3c0f245d1fd8",
"value": "Karol Cardenas, MD"
},
{
"key": "1f262abe-db83-4f18-99af-00bd3045cd4d",
"value": "Marc Benayoun, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Nuclear Medicine, Central Nervous System, Brain Perfusion, Seizure",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - CT/MR done in acute seizures to rule out structural lesion\n - Nuclear medicine not used in primary diagnosis..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/multiinfarct-dementia_3823c4d4-5e98-46da-a717-892fef54b382.md",
"title": "Multiinfarct Dementia",
"docid": "3823c4d4-5e98-46da-a717-892fef54b382",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Nuclear Medicine",
"Central Nervous System",
"Neurodegeneration",
"Multiinfarct Dementia"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "9d40c5b1-57d2-442c-9daf-8d8d9d53e24b",
"value": "Akiva Mintz, MD, PhD, MHA, CFA"
},
{
"key": "bbc899b6-2885-44bb-a5b0-24eec7314d33",
"value": "Bryan J. Neth, BS"
},
{
"key": "1f262abe-db83-4f18-99af-00bd3045cd4d",
"value": "Marc Benayoun, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Nuclear Medicine, Central Nervous System, Neurodegeneration, Multiinfarct Dementia",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Impairments in cognition and behavior affecting functional status due to pathologic changes resulting from ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/abdominal-wall_e708af38-508f-4404-b7c5-6b8c7d75804f.md",
"title": "Abdominal Wall",
"docid": "e708af38-508f-4404-b7c5-6b8c7d75804f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Ultrasound",
"Anatomy",
"Abdomen",
"Abdominal Wall"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "390c5f66-1ba7-429e-a1d6-23fd9c95b869",
"value": "Tara A. Morgan, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Ultrasound, Anatomy, Abdomen, Abdominal Wall",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n# TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ## Definitions\n \n \n - Abdomen is region between diaphragm and pelvis\n\n# GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ## Anatomic Boundaries\n \n \n - Ant..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/medulla_af35849e-97fd-4b24-a6bd-482be5afb2dd.md",
"title": "Medulla",
"docid": "af35849e-97fd-4b24-a6bd-482be5afb2dd",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Infratentorial Brain",
"Medulla"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Infratentorial Brain, Medulla",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Cranial nerves (CN)\n - Trigeminal nerve (CNV)\n - Vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII)\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/abnormal-shape-configuration-of-corpus-callosum_238ca32d-6bc6-4f5a-81b1-6601dd605856.md",
"title": "Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum",
"docid": "238ca32d-6bc6-4f5a-81b1-6601dd605856",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Brain",
"Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Differential Diagnosis, Brain, Abnormal Shape/Configuration of Corpus Callosum",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical features to consider\n - Normal corpus callosum (CC) var..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/rathke-cleft-cyst_a5a3a735-ad86-4fd2-bcb8-2181c48ba3da.md",
"title": "Rathke Cleft Cyst",
"docid": "a5a3a735-ad86-4fd2-bcb8-2181c48ba3da",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Congenital",
"Rathke Cleft Cyst"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Congenital, Rathke Cleft Cyst",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Nonneoplastic cyst arising from remnants of embryonic Rathke cleft\n - Benign, sellar region endodermal..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum-disorders_54d4a8bc-9267-4df6-98c1-f22aae051d01.md",
"title": "Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders",
"docid": "54d4a8bc-9267-4df6-98c1-f22aae051d01",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease",
"Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease",
"Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs)\n - MOG antibody-associated disease (MOG-AAD)\n - Auto..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/ostiomeatal-unit_81ab5811-7980-498e-b527-2b3520b6bab2.md",
"title": "Ostiomeatal Unit",
"docid": "81ab5811-7980-498e-b527-2b3520b6bab2",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Nose and Sinuses",
"Ostiomeatal Unit"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Nose and Sinuses, Ostiomeatal Unit",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Ostiomeatal unit (OMU); ostiomeatal complex (OMC); uncinate process (UP); hiatus semilunaris (HS)\n- #..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pheochromocytoma_1bfc887d-4686-445b-a0d2-f3b380a0da3a.md",
"title": "Pheochromocytoma",
"docid": "1bfc887d-4686-445b-a0d2-f3b380a0da3a",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Ultrasound",
"Diagnosis",
"Adrenal Gland",
"Pheochromocytoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "7e25292c-4d6a-4f35-98b2-1877e5989352",
"value": "Ashish P. Wasnik, MD, FSAR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Ultrasound, Diagnosis, Adrenal Gland, Pheochromocytoma",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Rare catecholamine-secreting tumor arising from chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla\n - Termed **paragang..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/primary-auditory-and-auditory-association-cortex-areas-41-42_1689b518-6d26-462e-bef1-0a89ac45b7c4.md",
"title": "Primary Auditory and Auditory Association Cortex (Areas 41, 42)",
"docid": "1689b518-6d26-462e-bef1-0a89ac45b7c4",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Primary Auditory and Auditory Association Cortex (Areas 41, 42)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Primary Auditory and Auditory Association Cortex (Areas 41, 42)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
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"Keywords",
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],
"snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Transverse temporal gyrus of Heschl: Primary auditory cortex (area 41)\n - Located in ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/trochlear-nerve-cniv_cc69e654-b9cd-465b-8437-fba44f3c034b.md",
"title": "Trochlear Nerve (CNIV)",
"docid": "cc69e654-b9cd-465b-8437-fba44f3c034b",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Skull Base and Cranial Nerves",
"Trochlear Nerve (CNIV)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
},
{
"key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809",
"value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Trochlear Nerve (CNIV)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Trochlear nerve (CNIV)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 4th cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CNI..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd_e1b27954-6591-4bb0-a659-b13790492620.md",
"title": "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)",
"docid": "e1b27954-6591-4bb0-a659-b13790492620",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Dementias and Degenerative Disorders",
"Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD): Rapidly progressing, fatal, potentially transmissible dementia caused by p..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cavum-septi-pellucidi-csp_02127bd4-1efa-4056-925e-f1a1bbadf154.md",
"title": "Cavum Septi Pellucidi (CSP)",
"docid": "02127bd4-1efa-4056-925e-f1a1bbadf154",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Ventricles and Cisterns",
"Normal Variants",
"Cavum Septi Pellucidi (CSP)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Normal Variants, Cavum Septi Pellucidi (CSP)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Cystic CSF cavity of septum pellucidum (SP)\n - Occurs ± cavum vergae (CV)\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n -..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/acute-hypertensive-encephalopathy-pres_890c1bd4-c108-49a1-8557-c8c701a7f278.md",
"title": "Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES",
"docid": "890c1bd4-c108-49a1-8557-c8c701a7f278",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations",
"Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Cerebrovascular autoregulatory disorder\n - Many etiologies with HTN as common component\n - Pree..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/gyral-sulcal-anatomy_849da2a0-4a32-4a07-8f00-c69291e59434.md",
"title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy",
"docid": "849da2a0-4a32-4a07-8f00-c69291e59434",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea",
"value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Title",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Lobes\n \n \n - Frontal lobe\n - Extends to central sulcus\n - Separated inferiorly & laterally from temp..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/functional-network-overview_ef0be4c8-3d36-4ca9-b4c5-f22f66d2b367.md",
"title": "Functional Network Overview",
"docid": "ef0be4c8-3d36-4ca9-b4c5-f22f66d2b367",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Brain Network Anatomy",
"Functional Network Overview"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Functional Network Overview",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Numerous proposed brain network parcellations show similar features with at least 5 core networks comm..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/fusiform-arterial-enlargement_31d50b93-b057-4da3-86b5-4cc8fb0bc806.md",
"title": "Fusiform Arterial Enlargement",
"docid": "31d50b93-b057-4da3-86b5-4cc8fb0bc806",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Arteries",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Fusiform Arterial Enlargement"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "2bca6b86-1eca-4e93-b997-4e18913686a7",
"value": "Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS"
},
{
"key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a",
"value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Arteries, Anatomically Based Differentials, Fusiform Arterial Enlargement",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Ectasia = elongated/tortuous artery\n - Fusiform aneurysm\n - L..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/otosclerosis_ddc7b884-3c17-4834-9e96-d985c6b618a9.md",
"title": "Otosclerosis",
"docid": "ddc7b884-3c17-4834-9e96-d985c6b618a9",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Diagnosis",
"Temporal Bone",
"Inner Ear",
"Infectious and Inflammatory Lesions",
"Otosclerosis"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06",
"value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD"
},
{
"key": "4b6589b0-9b8d-4467-8a90-01a0a59742fc",
"value": "Troy A. Hutchins, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Temporal Bone, Inner Ear, Infectious and Inflammatory Lesions, Otosclerosis",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Synonym:**Otospongiosis**\n - Types: Fenestral otosclerosis (FOto), cochlear otosclerosis (COto)\n - Pa..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/meckel-cave-lesion_bca301d4-7e23-442d-8469-e561693e19f4.md",
"title": "Meckel Cave Lesion",
"docid": "bca301d4-7e23-442d-8469-e561693e19f4",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Veins, Venous Sinuses",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Meckel Cave Lesion"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "318f80ab-6abb-4067-a809-2ebdaa5a30c9",
"value": "Kalen Riley, MD, MBA"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Veins, Venous Sinuses, Anatomically Based Differentials, Meckel Cave Lesion",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - **Normal Meckel cave** **(MC)**\n - **Anatomy**\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/adrenal-cyst_c5d717a3-3d6e-4e86-9efe-1ad0ec14740f.md",
"title": "Adrenal Cyst",
"docid": "c5d717a3-3d6e-4e86-9efe-1ad0ec14740f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Genitourinary",
"Diagnosis",
"Adrenal",
"Benign Neoplasms",
"Adrenal Cyst"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c3463c5c-31d3-4489-bbfe-6b895abdb86d",
"value": "Mitchell Tublin, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Genitourinary, Diagnosis, Adrenal, Benign Neoplasms, Adrenal Cyst",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - \"Adrenal cyst\" is descriptive term, not pathological diagnosis\n - True adrenal cysts \n - Majority a..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/white-matter-injury-of-prematurity_e6bd62ad-be89-4b4b-81ce-550584a44454.md",
"title": "White Matter Injury of Prematurity",
"docid": "e6bd62ad-be89-4b4b-81ce-550584a44454",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Stroke",
"Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction",
"White Matter Injury of Prematurity "
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction, White Matter Injury of Prematurity ",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - White matter (WM)\n - Brain injury occurring before 37-weeks gestation, resulting in loss of periventri..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/umbilical-hernia_ff51faeb-9832-4e87-a6cc-ca45673d754f.md",
"title": "Umbilical Hernia",
"docid": "ff51faeb-9832-4e87-a6cc-ca45673d754f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Diagnosis",
"Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall",
"External Hernias",
"Umbilical Hernia"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Diagnosis, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall, External Hernias, Umbilical Hernia",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Protrusion of abdominal contents (omental fat ± bowel) into or through anterior abdominal wall via umbilica..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/dilatation-of-thoracic-aorta_3b177a9c-04f3-4d15-9d18-decc5c236e7e.md",
"title": "Dilatation of Thoracic Aorta",
"docid": "3b177a9c-04f3-4d15-9d18-decc5c236e7e",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Chest",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Thoracic Aorta",
"General Imaging Patterns",
"Dilatation of Thoracic Aorta"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c4c34d93-63f8-4d7e-93b2-9a7232b87ec6",
"value": "John P. Lichtenberger, III, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Chest, Differential Diagnosis, Thoracic Aorta, General Imaging Patterns, Dilatation of Thoracic Aorta",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Ascending aorta dilated ≥ 4.0 cm, aneurysmal ≥ 5.0 cm\n - Descending th..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/intracranial-hypotension_818a7972-1032-4d3e-a65a-97c494334aac.md",
"title": "Intracranial Hypotension",
"docid": "818a7972-1032-4d3e-a65a-97c494334aac",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Ventricles and Cisterns",
"CSF Disorders",
"Intracranial Hypotension"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, CSF Disorders, Intracranial Hypotension",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Headache caused by ↓ intracranial CSF pressure\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Classic imaging quintet\n -..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/hydrocephalus_e9481739-278e-4682-ab1e-4326a77c3d0c.md",
"title": "Hydrocephalus",
"docid": "e9481739-278e-4682-ab1e-4326a77c3d0c",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Diagnosis",
"Pediatric Neuroradiology",
"Brain",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Ventricles and Cisterns",
"Hydrocephalus"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "838e1722-2479-4fbd-a5fe-d965980a1a2c",
"value": "Blaise V. Jones, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Hydrocephalus",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Ventriculomegaly caused by\n - Obstruction of CSF egress from ventricles: Intraventricular obstruct..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/hemangioma_afbe85a1-bf9d-443f-bcf5-b40793427ec1.md",
"title": "Hemangioma",
"docid": "afbe85a1-bf9d-443f-bcf5-b40793427ec1",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Diagnosis",
"Infection and Inflammatory Disorders",
"Neoplasms, Cysts, and Other Masses",
"Neoplasms",
"Extradural",
"Hemangioma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Diagnosis, Infection and Inflammatory Disorders, Neoplasms, Cysts, and Other Masses, Neoplasms, Extradural, Hemangioma",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Common benign venous malformation within vertebrae\n - Usually intraosseous, may have epidural componen..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/stroke-therapy_eecb2d0f-ef14-44df-be8e-137567226412.md",
"title": "Stroke Therapy",
"docid": "eecb2d0f-ef14-44df-be8e-137567226412",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Interventional Radiology",
"Procedures",
"Arterial Procedures",
"Cranial Revascularization",
"Stroke Therapy"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bccfc1a3-a6b8-4707-b2bf-589d9650f769",
"value": "Jared Halpin, MD"
},
{
"key": "8fe1db5b-d23b-459d-9ab0-0cba2c16a0ac",
"value": "Coleman O. Martin, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Interventional Radiology, Procedures, Arterial Procedures, Cranial Revascularization, Stroke Therapy",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - **Stroke**: Rapidly developing loss of brain function(s) due to disturbance in blood supply to brain\n - ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pericardial-mass_39979947-4afb-4370-86ed-6b6d196bca78.md",
"title": "Pericardial Mass",
"docid": "39979947-4afb-4370-86ed-6b6d196bca78",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Pericardial Mass"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "df804626-c042-4296-96e3-836a6da50fd6",
"value": "Gregory Kicska, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Differential Diagnosis, Pericardial Mass",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Diagnostic evaluation should focus on distinction between neoplastic and ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/toxic-megacolon_5e7a0d4d-15b1-4a69-b530-b9fc220d5574.md",
"title": "Toxic Megacolon",
"docid": "5e7a0d4d-15b1-4a69-b530-b9fc220d5574",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Colon",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Toxic Megacolon"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Toxic Megacolon",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Any etiology of severe colitis may result in toxic megacolon\n - ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/odynophagia_2bcc510a-cf79-44c6-b57a-515314eaf27c.md",
"title": "Odynophagia",
"docid": "2bcc510a-cf79-44c6-b57a-515314eaf27c",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Esophagus",
"Clinically Based Differentials",
"Odynophagia"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Clinically Based Differentials, Odynophagia",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Odynophagia: Pain on swallowing\n - Almost always indicates mucos..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/dilated-esophagus_c703e33f-0a4b-4a16-9569-f37c32dff957.md",
"title": "Dilated Esophagus",
"docid": "c703e33f-0a4b-4a16-9569-f37c32dff957",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Esophagus",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Dilated Esophagus"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Generic Imaging Patterns, Dilated Esophagus",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Check for history of prior surgery\n - Esophagectomy (Ivor-Lewis ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cyst-with-nodule_6cb71737-f574-4121-a8fb-02eeada9f9f7.md",
"title": "Cyst With Nodule",
"docid": "6cb71737-f574-4121-a8fb-02eeada9f9f7",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Brain Parenchyma, General",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Cyst With Nodule"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "4b6589b0-9b8d-4467-8a90-01a0a59742fc",
"value": "Troy A. Hutchins, MD"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Brain Parenchyma, General, Generic Imaging Patterns, Cyst With Nodule",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Cystic lesions with solid nodular components can be divided into 2 catego..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/vertebral-body-thickened-bony-trabeculae_94acd361-5ac3-475f-a87b-f0d8d24e3b91.md",
"title": "Vertebral Body Thickened Bony Trabeculae",
"docid": "94acd361-5ac3-475f-a87b-f0d8d24e3b91",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements",
"Modality-Specific Imaging Findings",
"Vertebral Body Thickened Bony Trabeculae"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
},
{
"key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea",
"value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Vertebral Body Thickened Bony Trabeculae",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Vertebral expansion in Paget disease, fibrous dysplasia, plasmacytoma\n-..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/radiation-and-chemotherapy_c1069d36-ca23-443e-9b68-266bf8affc78.md",
"title": "Radiation and Chemotherapy",
"docid": "c1069d36-ca23-443e-9b68-266bf8affc78",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations",
"Radiation and Chemotherapy"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Radiation and Chemotherapy",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Radiation-induced brain injury: Acute, early delayed, late delayed injury\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - **Rad..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/neurotransmitter-systems_b67f45e2-1418-4965-8e2f-b0c1f2a324d3.md",
"title": "Neurotransmitter Systems",
"docid": "b67f45e2-1418-4965-8e2f-b0c1f2a324d3",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Brain Network Anatomy",
"Neurotransmitter Systems"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Neurotransmitter Systems",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - **Glutamate** and **GABA** are primary neurotransmitters in brain\n - Glutamate is main excita..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/multiple-colonic-filling-defects_49d69249-8dcf-4423-a03a-1d43274c5a3a.md",
"title": "Multiple Colonic Filling Defects",
"docid": "49d69249-8dcf-4423-a03a-1d43274c5a3a",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Colon",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Multiple Colonic Filling Defects"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Multiple Colonic Filling Defects",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Check if defects are movable (gas or feces)\n- ## Helpful Clues for Common..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/gyral-sulcal-anatomy_299a5990-1805-4018-85b5-191d8416385b.md",
"title": "Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy",
"docid": "299a5990-1805-4018-85b5-191d8416385b",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Functional MRI",
"Regional Brain Anatomy",
"Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "51f7a216-a89b-4c37-87d1-0a27f25089ea",
"value": "Lubdha M. Shah, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Functional MRI, Regional Brain Anatomy, Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Title",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Lobes\n \n \n - Frontal lobe\n - Extends to central sulcus\n - Separated inferiorly & laterally from temp..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/confluent-white-matter-lesions_33041afc-b606-4d06-8fb6-495849d9659a.md",
"title": "Confluent White Matter Lesions",
"docid": "33041afc-b606-4d06-8fb6-495849d9659a",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Supratentorial Brain Parenchyma",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Confluent White Matter Lesions"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Supratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Anatomically Based Differentials, Confluent White Matter Lesions",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Confluent white matter (WM) lesions are all T2/FLAIR hyperintense & CT ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/craniocervical-junction-acute-injury_89ec23bf-2ed4-4694-98a7-7064d22cbf16.md",
"title": "Craniocervical Junction Acute Injury",
"docid": "89ec23bf-2ed4-4694-98a7-7064d22cbf16",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Craniovertebral Junction",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Craniocervical Junction Acute Injury"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
},
{
"key": "86b8c311-8667-4afd-9b2b-0c2036a02b8a",
"value": "Julia R. Crim, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Craniovertebral Junction, Anatomically Based Differentials, Craniocervical Junction Acute Injury",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Coronal, sagittal CT reformations essential for full evaluation of injury..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/acute-hypertensive-encephalopathy-pres_efc6f9c2-dad9-4eb8-bad2-421bfaf1ec57.md",
"title": "Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES",
"docid": "efc6f9c2-dad9-4eb8-bad2-421bfaf1ec57",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Diagnosis",
"Pediatric Neuroradiology",
"Brain",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Cerebrovascular autoregulatory disorder\n - Many etiologies with HTN as common component\n - Gl..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/abducens-nerve-cnvi_655e63da-d744-4267-9d90-07f52493bbc0.md",
"title": "Abducens Nerve (CNVI)",
"docid": "655e63da-d744-4267-9d90-07f52493bbc0",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Skull Base and Cranial Nerves",
"Abducens Nerve (CNVI)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Abducens Nerve (CNVI)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Abducens nerve (CNVI)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Abducens nerve: 6th cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/quadrigeminal-cistern-mass_828ddbbf-3daf-45b9-8dce-2ab3582fddaa.md",
"title": "Quadrigeminal Cistern Mass",
"docid": "828ddbbf-3daf-45b9-8dce-2ab3582fddaa",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Quadrigeminal Cistern Mass"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a",
"value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Quadrigeminal Cistern Mass",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Quadrigeminal cistern (QC) lesions are smaller subset of pineal region ma..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/rhabdomyoma_2915b0ba-a2fc-425c-beb7-2566dd945aed.md",
"title": "Rhabdomyoma",
"docid": "2915b0ba-a2fc-425c-beb7-2566dd945aed",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Diagnosis",
"Cardiac",
"Miscellaneous",
"Rhabdomyoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "7e393d6e-f8be-4315-b1cd-b4639ee57a5f",
"value": "Randy R. Richardson, MD"
},
{
"key": "db1ca0c5-292f-4acd-847d-c73a4f4ba734",
"value": "Ryan A. Moore, MD"
},
{
"key": "961f3a7f-ad62-43bc-98f4-5116b17ab812",
"value": "Paula J. Woodward, MD, FSRU"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Cardiac, Miscellaneous, Rhabdomyoma",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Congenital cardiac hamartoma composed of abnormal myocytes\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Initial diagnosis is of..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/aortic-aneurysm-rupture_e64e6a27-0c8d-4b4f-8ca5-d2e65c9f2e9a.md",
"title": "Aortic Aneurysm: Rupture",
"docid": "e64e6a27-0c8d-4b4f-8ca5-d2e65c9f2e9a",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Aortic Aneurysm: Rupture"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b00d2bdb-66e1-41ed-90b4-c52904f4d598",
"value": "Seth Kligerman, MD, MS"
},
{
"key": "9ad9af12-61a1-44d6-af52-0ee1f38eb298",
"value": "Davis Vigneault, MD, DPhil"
},
{
"key": "5de0df07-7b3e-4678-8767-1519e1153f29",
"value": "Dominik Fleischmann, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Aortic Aneurysm: Rupture",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Dilated aorta with disruption through all 3 layers of aortic wall leading to extravasation of blood into su..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/drug-abuse_48859403-0b26-44d8-ba74-e0919e4c3147.md",
"title": "Drug Abuse",
"docid": "48859403-0b26-44d8-ba74-e0919e4c3147",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations",
"Drug Abuse"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Drug Abuse",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Many drugs (prescription, illicit, or street) have adverse CNS effects\n - Illicit drug use often..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/large-iac_d5405c3d-6941-4a2d-abeb-dd8ccf2b5d45.md",
"title": "Large IAC",
"docid": "d5405c3d-6941-4a2d-abeb-dd8ccf2b5d45",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Large IAC"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "eef2f839-5706-47b9-89c3-60d8315b2b3a",
"value": "Nicholas A. Koontz, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Anatomically Based Differentials, Large IAC",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Bilateral large internal auditory canal (IAC)\n - Can be normal v..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/inner-ear-lesion-adult_e5bbf757-d77a-4546-a848-d1a1a64cb230.md",
"title": "Inner Ear Lesion, Adult",
"docid": "e5bbf757-d77a-4546-a848-d1a1a64cb230",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Temporal Bone",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Inner Ear Lesion, Adult"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "d19354f3-7ff2-495a-ad3f-064122e45602",
"value": "Bernadette L. Koch, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Temporal Bone, Anatomically Based Differentials, Inner Ear Lesion, Adult",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Differential encompasses all lesions, including normal variants, that may..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/oculomotor-nerve-cniii_495aba11-106f-439d-8516-6a445b085919.md",
"title": "Oculomotor Nerve (CNIII)",
"docid": "495aba11-106f-439d-8516-6a445b085919",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Skull Base and Cranial Nerves",
"Oculomotor Nerve (CNIII) "
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Oculomotor Nerve (CNIII) ",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Oculomotor nerve (CNIII)\n - Oculomotor nuclear complex (ONC)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 3rd crania..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/colonic-thumbprinting_3fc39bd0-f5b3-4c51-b352-37f263a2d2fc.md",
"title": "Colonic Thumbprinting",
"docid": "3fc39bd0-f5b3-4c51-b352-37f263a2d2fc",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Colon",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Colonic Thumbprinting"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Colonic Thumbprinting",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Thumbprinting describes rounded thickening of transverse colonic folds; u..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/lyme-disease_082aad00-d3cf-4b75-a9aa-5ed2c724959c.md",
"title": "Lyme Disease",
"docid": "082aad00-d3cf-4b75-a9aa-5ed2c724959c",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases",
"Acquired Infections",
"Lyme Disease"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases, Acquired Infections, Lyme Disease",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Lyme disease (LD), Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB)\n - Multisystem, multistage inflammatory disease\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/primary-motor-cortex-area-4_81b77087-f4ef-42d3-a13b-015500243b95.md",
"title": "Primary Motor Cortex (Area 4)",
"docid": "81b77087-f4ef-42d3-a13b-015500243b95",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Primary Motor Cortex (Area 4)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Primary Motor Cortex (Area 4)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Anterior surface of central sulcus and superior portion of precentral gyrus\n- ### Boundaries\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/aging-brain-normal_f8dc8f27-f256-480d-9393-7ec3495a3d27.md",
"title": "Aging Brain, Normal",
"docid": "f8dc8f27-f256-480d-9393-7ec3495a3d27",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Supratentorial Brain Parenchyma",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Basal Ganglia Calcification"
],
"authors": null,
"pageKeywords": null,
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Basal ganglia (BG) Ca⁺⁺ is end result of multiple toxic, metabolic, infla..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/torch-infections_3b509e1c-83cf-4793-8307-e0afa70781ce.md",
"title": "TORCH Infections",
"docid": "3b509e1c-83cf-4793-8307-e0afa70781ce",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Diagnosis",
"Brain",
"Metabolic, Infectious, and Inflammatory Disorders",
"TORCH Infections"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "838e1722-2479-4fbd-a5fe-d965980a1a2c",
"value": "Blaise V. Jones, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Brain, Metabolic, Infectious, and Inflammatory Disorders, TORCH Infections",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - TORCH/TORCHES: Acronym for congenital infections caused by transplacental transmission of pathogens\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/hyperattenuating-dense-artery_70b5e153-27a5-4871-aaf3-0942c49f02e0.md",
"title": "Hyperattenuating (\"Dense\") Artery",
"docid": "70b5e153-27a5-4871-aaf3-0942c49f02e0",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Arteries",
"Modality-Specific Imaging Findings",
"Hyperattenuating (\"Dense\") Artery"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "2bca6b86-1eca-4e93-b997-4e18913686a7",
"value": "Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS"
},
{
"key": "7cc3ba75-2642-4233-b9f6-0ce69ffe28f3",
"value": "Sheri L. Harder, MD, FRCPC"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Arteries, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Hyperattenuating (\"Dense\") Artery",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Presence, localization of focal neurologic findings important\n - High ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/ahle_0ec0bca6-abee-4931-a6ed-43541b626261.md",
"title": "AHLE",
"docid": "0ec0bca6-abee-4931-a6ed-43541b626261",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease",
"Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease",
"AHLE"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, AHLE",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Hyperacute, fulminant hemorrhagic perivascular demyelinating disorder\n - Usually viral or immunization r..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/brain-tumor-in-newborn-infant_12b32579-c99b-41c0-95fd-f2ad1fc4a4fd.md",
"title": "Brain Tumor in Newborn/Infant",
"docid": "12b32579-c99b-41c0-95fd-f2ad1fc4a4fd",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Brain Parenchyma, General",
"Clinically Based Differentials",
"Brain Tumor in Newborn/Infant"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a",
"value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Brain Parenchyma, General, Clinically Based Differentials, Brain Tumor in Newborn/Infant",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Newborn/infant brain tumors\n - Typically large, bulky, inhomogen..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/periventricular-t2-flair-hyperintense-lesions_b317aae2-6370-4ba3-911a-15c12ac035b3.md",
"title": "Periventricular T2-/FLAIR-Hyperintense Lesions",
"docid": "b317aae2-6370-4ba3-911a-15c12ac035b3",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Ventricles, Periventricular Regions",
"Modality-Specific Imaging Findings",
"Periventricular T2-/FLAIR-Hyperintense Lesions"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "4b6589b0-9b8d-4467-8a90-01a0a59742fc",
"value": "Troy A. Hutchins, MD"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Ventricles, Periventricular Regions, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Periventricular T2-/FLAIR-Hyperintense Lesions",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Periventricular T2-/FLAIR-hyperintense lesions often nonspecific with s..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cnv3-motor-denervation_84c14a32-d0b3-4e83-bb8f-cb3b9964fb4a.md",
"title": "CNV3 Motor Denervation",
"docid": "84c14a32-d0b3-4e83-bb8f-cb3b9964fb4a",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Diagnosis",
"Masticator Space",
"Pseudolesions",
"CNV3 Motor Denervation"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "530afd4d-6f67-4edf-8925-dd23ebf434f3",
"value": "Jaclyn E. Thiessen, MD"
},
{
"key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06",
"value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Masticator Space, Pseudolesions, CNV3 Motor Denervation",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Abbreviations: Trigeminal nerve (CNV)\n - Mandibular nerve: 3rd division of CNV (CNV3)\n - Only..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/frontal-pole-area-10_b36192b6-08cc-4b94-9ca6-01240f25dff6.md",
"title": "Frontal Pole (Area 10)",
"docid": "b36192b6-08cc-4b94-9ca6-01240f25dff6",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Frontal Pole (Area 10)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Frontal Pole (Area 10)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Frontal pole (Fp)\n\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Most rostral portion of pre..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-cerebral-artery_7bad3118-2ae8-4727-8f8d-fd8175c4e8c2.md",
"title": "Posterior Cerebral Artery",
"docid": "7bad3118-2ae8-4727-8f8d-fd8175c4e8c2",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Intracranial Arteries",
"Posterior Cerebral Artery"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Posterior Cerebral Artery",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)\n - Posterior communicating artery (PCoA)\n - Basilar artery (BA)..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/inguinal-hernia_cf4d4a15-6a85-4aeb-9563-7be7e8131bc7.md",
"title": "Inguinal Hernia",
"docid": "cf4d4a15-6a85-4aeb-9563-7be7e8131bc7",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Diagnosis",
"Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall",
"External Hernias",
"Inguinal Hernia"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Diagnosis, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall, External Hernias, Inguinal Hernia",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - **Direct inguinal hernia**: Hernia passes through Hesselbach triangle (bounded by inguinal ligament, lateral ma..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/intracranial-internal-carotid-artery_7e9c58f7-6ba0-41e2-a363-43299fac430e.md",
"title": "Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery",
"docid": "7e9c58f7-6ba0-41e2-a363-43299fac430e",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Intracranial Arteries",
"Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Internal carotid artery (ICA)\n - Ophthalmic artery (OA)\n - Cavernous sinus (CS)\n\n## GROSS ANATO..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/intrahepatic-and-extrahepatic-duct-dilatation_96c36f11-a361-4f1c-a413-1ce7e79034f2.md",
"title": "Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Duct Dilatation",
"docid": "96c36f11-a361-4f1c-a413-1ce7e79034f2",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Gallbladder",
"Modality-Specific Imaging Findings",
"Ultrasound",
"Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Duct Dilatation"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b80cd6cc-b9a6-4b89-8de1-37282650b55e",
"value": "L. Nayeli Morimoto, MD"
},
{
"key": "b4e1fa52-80a4-4e86-9e6f-beb2fe21629b",
"value": "Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Ultrasound, Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Duct Dilatation",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Choledocholithiasis**\n - Most common location is in common bi..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/x-linked-adrenoleukodystrophy_389d8044-a381-4a6a-b6d8-fc490ea1682d.md",
"title": "X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy",
"docid": "389d8044-a381-4a6a-b6d8-fc490ea1682d",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Peroxisomal Disorders",
"X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
},
{
"key": "e8af6d26-3aad-47c9-9083-5128aab09af2",
"value": "Susan I. Blaser, MD, FRCPC"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Peroxisomal Disorders, X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Abbreviations\n - X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD, ALD)\n - Classic childhood ALD (C..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/intrasellar-lesion_391834ff-565f-401b-bfbd-0bc40f6b83bf.md",
"title": "Intrasellar Lesion",
"docid": "391834ff-565f-401b-bfbd-0bc40f6b83bf",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Intrasellar Lesion"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "e0282a62-994d-4550-a127-1eb773b1e920",
"value": "Blair A. Winegar, MD"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Intrasellar Lesion",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
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],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Not all \"enlarged\" pituitary glands are abnormal\n - Size/height ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/neurocysticercosis_d518dff8-cc30-46e5-8894-3926e6b987cf.md",
"title": "Neurocysticercosis",
"docid": "d518dff8-cc30-46e5-8894-3926e6b987cf",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Diagnosis",
"Pediatric Neuroradiology",
"Brain",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Infectious Disease",
"Acquired Infections",
"Neurocysticercosis"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious Disease, Acquired Infections, Neurocysticercosis",
"reasons": [
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"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Neurocysticercosis (NCC): Intracranial parasitic infection caused by pork tapeworm *Taenia solium*\n- ## Ima..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-cingulate-cortex-areas-23-31_0d4c7603-274e-4d05-bc73-821ca71811ae.md",
"title": "Posterior Cingulate Cortex (Areas 23, 31)",
"docid": "0d4c7603-274e-4d05-bc73-821ca71811ae",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Posterior Cingulate Cortex (Areas 23, 31)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Posterior Cingulate Cortex (Areas 23, 31)",
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"snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Posterior cingulate gyrus\n - Functionally related to adjacent precuneus and retrosplenial c..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/limbic-system_f2a117ed-9429-441d-baa0-5e99e05722ac.md",
"title": "Limbic System",
"docid": "f2a117ed-9429-441d-baa0-5e99e05722ac",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Limbic System"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "00279799-953b-49c0-b072-7b0ed0ac3122",
"value": "Farshid Sepehrband, PhD, MS, BS"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Limbic System",
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"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Limbic lobe\n - Phylogenetically older cortex\n - Fewer layers than neocortex\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/primary-progressive-aphasia_5dca11fe-b5ee-404c-b22e-4008b7571844.md",
"title": "Primary Progressive Aphasia",
"docid": "5dca11fe-b5ee-404c-b22e-4008b7571844",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Nuclear Medicine",
"Central Nervous System",
"Neurodegeneration",
"Primary Progressive Aphasia"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c92844c3-e14c-4eff-a8b8-68c82b8d2795",
"value": "Kyle Atcheson, MD"
},
{
"key": "1f262abe-db83-4f18-99af-00bd3045cd4d",
"value": "Marc Benayoun, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Nuclear Medicine, Central Nervous System, Neurodegeneration, Primary Progressive Aphasia",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Group of heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders characterized by prominent language and word-finding dif..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/traumatic-aortic-injury_061b04b5-e37e-4f63-a198-1020a984e041.md",
"title": "Traumatic Aortic Injury",
"docid": "061b04b5-e37e-4f63-a198-1020a984e041",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Traumatic Aortic Injury"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "770e1d77-2287-436e-910b-48232afc7842",
"value": "Prabhakar Rajiah, MBBS, MD, FACR, FRCR, FACC, FAHA, FSCCT"
},
{
"key": "8b719ccc-d695-4377-9afb-2b399714d382",
"value": "Terrance Healey, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Traumatic Aortic Injury",
"reasons": [
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"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Traumatic injury of aorta (TAI) as result of motor vehicle collision (MVC), fall, or, less commonly, penetr..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/progressive-supranuclear-palsy_840ed321-c0ab-4069-a07e-ad416232f916.md",
"title": "Progressive Supranuclear Palsy",
"docid": "840ed321-c0ab-4069-a07e-ad416232f916",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Dementias and Degenerative Disorders",
"Progressive Supranuclear Palsy"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Neurodegenerative disease characterized by vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, postural instability, mild dem..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/right-aortic-arch_5f186c96-4cc3-453e-840d-12ebfad13115.md",
"title": "Right Aortic Arch",
"docid": "5f186c96-4cc3-453e-840d-12ebfad13115",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Right Aortic Arch"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "ee6ece9d-ad74-458c-a8df-11628ae7f879",
"value": "Arzu Canan, MD"
},
{
"key": "10bb95ac-a27a-4ebe-833b-e59fea07734b",
"value": "Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Right Aortic Arch",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Right aortic arch (RAA)\n - Aortic arch located to right of trachea\n - Common variations\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/aortic-intramural-abnormality_75d7b37f-bc37-493b-8961-8b2a9001fb94.md",
"title": "Aortic Intramural Abnormality",
"docid": "75d7b37f-bc37-493b-8961-8b2a9001fb94",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Aortic Intramural Abnormality"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "df804626-c042-4296-96e3-836a6da50fd6",
"value": "Gregory Kicska, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Differential Diagnosis, Aortic Intramural Abnormality",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Aortic wall should measure < 4 mm\n - Aortic wall should be isointense ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/vertebral-body-sclerosis-focal_b40961c7-d421-4ad6-bfb7-33d09bf797f5.md",
"title": "Vertebral Body Sclerosis, Focal",
"docid": "b40961c7-d421-4ad6-bfb7-33d09bf797f5",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements",
"Modality-Specific Imaging Findings",
"Vertebral Body Sclerosis, Focal"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Vertebral Body Sclerosis, Focal",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Congenital**\n - Bone island\n - Most common..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/brainstem-tumors_ad1fb229-9f01-4ab3-8d0e-3c04167e7899.md",
"title": "Brainstem Tumors",
"docid": "ad1fb229-9f01-4ab3-8d0e-3c04167e7899",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Diagnosis",
"Pediatric Neuroradiology",
"Brain",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Neoplasms",
"Brainstem Tumors"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Neoplasms, Brainstem Tumors",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Brainstem tumors (BSTs) distinguished by location, imaging appearance, & histology\n - Medullary,..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/vertebral-body-sclerosis-diffuse_dd817030-5fdf-4fd8-b740-6d2b8ce700fd.md",
"title": "Vertebral Body Sclerosis, Diffuse",
"docid": "dd817030-5fdf-4fd8-b740-6d2b8ce700fd",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements",
"Modality-Specific Imaging Findings",
"Vertebral Body Sclerosis, Diffuse"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
},
{
"key": "bf7af3a5-468c-48d0-8aea-4f6e808af979",
"value": "Bryson Borg, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Vertebral Body Sclerosis, Diffuse",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Discogenic Sclerosis**\n - Sclerotic endplate marrow, correl..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/abnormal-brainstem-morphology_15c83858-1ce2-49da-a30e-85962f458c73.md",
"title": "Abnormal Brainstem Morphology",
"docid": "15c83858-1ce2-49da-a30e-85962f458c73",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Brain",
"Abnormal Brainstem Morphology"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Differential Diagnosis, Brain, Abnormal Brainstem Morphology",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical features to consider\n - Common symptoms: Cranial neur..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/visual-network_404625d9-3125-4923-9f9d-53d0f81c3542.md",
"title": "Visual Network",
"docid": "404625d9-3125-4923-9f9d-53d0f81c3542",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Brain Network Anatomy",
"Visual Network"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Visual Network",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
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"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n# IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ## Overview\n \n \n - Visual cortex consumes virtually all of the occipital lobe, from primary sensory areas along the calcari..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/diffuse-axonal-injury_a466e24e-0c31-41ea-ad41-c8cc9d07322e.md",
"title": "Diffuse Axonal Injury",
"docid": "a466e24e-0c31-41ea-ad41-c8cc9d07322e",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Trauma",
"Primary Effects of CNS Trauma",
"Diffuse Axonal Injury"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "cdbaaa96-a7b4-4498-a355-a2823a7d9e26",
"value": "Kelly A. Dahlstrom, DO"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Trauma, Primary Effects of CNS Trauma, Diffuse Axonal Injury",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
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],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Diffuse axonal injury (DAI): Diffuse injury to axons in cerebral hemispheres, corpus callosum, brainstem ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cnxi-accessory-nerve_18e60151-70bc-40a1-9b4f-4b86f8fd65c2.md",
"title": "CNXI (Accessory Nerve)",
"docid": "18e60151-70bc-40a1-9b4f-4b86f8fd65c2",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Cranial Nerves",
"CNXI (Accessory Nerve)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6013f8cc-4944-4129-a1fe-6af055868136",
"value": "Thomas Jose Eluvathingal Muttikkal, MD"
},
{
"key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915",
"value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNXI (Accessory Nerve)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Accessory nerve (CNXI)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 11th cranial nerve (CN), CN11\n- ### Definitions\n \n..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/intramedullary-mass_635c114e-6260-4e9d-a36a-368deeb05f05.md",
"title": "Intramedullary Mass",
"docid": "635c114e-6260-4e9d-a36a-368deeb05f05",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Intramedullary",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Intramedullary Mass"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
},
{
"key": "bf7af3a5-468c-48d0-8aea-4f6e808af979",
"value": "Bryson Borg, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Intramedullary, Anatomically Based Differentials, Intramedullary Mass",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - MR ± contrast is best tool to evaluate intramedullary processes of cord\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/parotid-schwannoma_039d782c-2e1e-455f-9cdc-dc00dc65c750.md",
"title": "Parotid Schwannoma",
"docid": "039d782c-2e1e-455f-9cdc-dc00dc65c750",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Diagnosis",
"Parotid Space",
"Benign Tumors",
"Parotid Schwannoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "639a3888-2423-42a0-ba09-67dd25a0b4f3",
"value": "Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS"
},
{
"key": "6e26637f-9cb3-4b8a-8e59-79c6c8bfe097",
"value": "Hilda E. Stambuk, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Parotid Space, Benign Tumors, Parotid Schwannoma",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Benign nerve sheath neoplasm from Schwann cells of intraparotid facial nerve (CNVII)\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/dural-sinuses_deb22ea4-1ac5-4542-a85a-8945376ad725.md",
"title": "Dural Sinuses",
"docid": "deb22ea4-1ac5-4542-a85a-8945376ad725",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Veins and Venous Sinuses",
"Dural Sinuses"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b",
"value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "afaec833-e997-49c4-8eab-e28310c6c2bf",
"value": "Adriene C. Eastaway, MD, MS"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Veins and Venous Sinuses, Dural Sinuses",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Internal cerebral vein (ICV)\n - Superior/inferior petrosal sinuses (SPS/IPS)\n\n## GROSS ANATOMY\n\n- ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/defect-in-abdominal-wall-hernia_5af046fa-59ef-45b5-952b-acbcdee36196.md",
"title": "Defect in Abdominal Wall (Hernia)",
"docid": "5af046fa-59ef-45b5-952b-acbcdee36196",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Abdominal Wall",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Defect in Abdominal Wall (Hernia)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Abdominal Wall, Anatomically Based Differentials, Defect in Abdominal Wall (Hernia)",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - CT is most accurate imaging modality for diagnosis of hernias and associa..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/middle-cerebral-artery_5658d6a5-aa61-4c8a-a6c7-a8d5aa5c41c4.md",
"title": "Middle Cerebral Artery",
"docid": "5658d6a5-aa61-4c8a-a6c7-a8d5aa5c41c4",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Intracranial Arteries",
"Middle Cerebral Artery"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b",
"value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "afaec833-e997-49c4-8eab-e28310c6c2bf",
"value": "Adriene C. Eastaway, MD, MS"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Middle Cerebral Artery",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Middle cerebral artery (MCA)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Sylvian (lateral cerebral) fissure\n - Insu..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/solitary-enhancing-cranial-nerve_ffbc97f3-a544-4d1e-8019-2657bf686d3d.md",
"title": "Solitary Enhancing Cranial Nerve",
"docid": "ffbc97f3-a544-4d1e-8019-2657bf686d3d",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Extraaxial Spaces and Subarachnoid Cisterns",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Solitary Enhancing Cranial Nerve"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Extraaxial Spaces and Subarachnoid Cisterns, Generic Imaging Patterns, Solitary Enhancing Cranial Nerve",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Enhancement of cisternal, cavernous sinus cranial nerve (CN) segments a..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/intraluminal-mass-esophagus_ccb87fb4-770b-472e-9d4a-7e4d61a5b3ef.md",
"title": "Intraluminal Mass, Esophagus",
"docid": "ccb87fb4-770b-472e-9d4a-7e4d61a5b3ef",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Esophagus",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Intraluminal Mass, Esophagus"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Generic Imaging Patterns, Intraluminal Mass, Esophagus",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Intraluminal masses usually have irregular surface and acute angles with ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/meckel-cave-lesion_9c5ce268-caf8-4d2a-9735-9b415ad3c9c3.md",
"title": "Meckel Cave Lesion",
"docid": "9c5ce268-caf8-4d2a-9735-9b415ad3c9c3",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Skull Base",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Meckel Cave Lesion"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "26ebc2e8-e4f7-40ee-8f5c-d23fe383e15c",
"value": "Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Skull Base, Anatomically Based Differentials, Meckel Cave Lesion",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Normal Meckel cave (MC)\n - Anatomy\n - CSF-fil..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/thoracic-aorta-and-great-vessel-anatomy_67498b94-770a-47ee-bd74-622b5e0b6817.md",
"title": "Thoracic Aorta and Great Vessel Anatomy",
"docid": "67498b94-770a-47ee-bd74-622b5e0b6817",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Anatomy",
"Thoracic Aorta and Great Vessel Anatomy"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "9fea2857-d729-4fe4-b4fd-3b7bf1db23cf",
"value": "Mortadha Al-Kinani, MD, MBChB"
},
{
"key": "3d1e4c57-c1cf-4c89-b0f0-5d82b29a31e1",
"value": "Suhny Abbara, MD, FACR, MSCCT, FNASCI"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Anatomy, Thoracic Aorta and Great Vessel Anatomy",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Title",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n# TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ## Definitions\n \n \n - Aortic root\n - Anulus to sinotubular junction (STJ)\n - Ascending aorta (AsAo)\n - Ext..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/suprasellar-cystic-mass_4748e65c-f466-495b-bc2c-c4389d55b3ad.md",
"title": "Suprasellar Cystic Mass",
"docid": "4748e65c-f466-495b-bc2c-c4389d55b3ad",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Suprasellar Cystic Mass"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8bf951c6-3575-4f38-8878-17cd9d4f2d12",
"value": "Tabassum A. Kennedy, MD"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Suprasellar Cystic Mass",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Where does mass originate?\n - 3rd ventricle: Think hydrocephalus..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/aortic-arch-and-great-vessels_a7a252f0-2ac6-402a-8c87-cfce8adc799b.md",
"title": "Aortic Arch and Great Vessels",
"docid": "a7a252f0-2ac6-402a-8c87-cfce8adc799b",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Extracranial Arteries",
"Aortic Arch and Great Vessels"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Extracranial Arteries, Aortic Arch and Great Vessels",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Aortic arch (AA); brachiocephalic trunk (BCT)\n - Right common carotid arteries (RCCA)\n - Left c..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/hypointense-lesion-in-biliary-tree-mrcp_a598e282-a871-4fdb-8eca-fdbdf2144e3c.md",
"title": "Hypointense Lesion in Biliary Tree (MRCP)",
"docid": "a598e282-a871-4fdb-8eca-fdbdf2144e3c",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Biliary Tract",
"Modality-Specific Imaging Findings",
"Hypointense Lesion in Biliary Tree (MRCP)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Biliary Tract, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Hypointense Lesion in Biliary Tree (MRCP)",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - While MR is most sensitive modality for identifying stones in extrahepati..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/subgenual-cingulate-cortex-area-25_982728bc-af09-4cba-bb25-ae7ea0366bea.md",
"title": "Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (Area 25)",
"docid": "982728bc-af09-4cba-bb25-ae7ea0366bea",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (Area 25)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (Area 25)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Anterior margin of genu and rostrum of corpus callosum, including pregenual and subgenual cing..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/ventral-hernia_ab08cd87-4342-4825-948b-d02fc178078f.md",
"title": "Ventral Hernia",
"docid": "ab08cd87-4342-4825-948b-d02fc178078f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Diagnosis",
"Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall",
"External Hernias",
"Ventral Hernia"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Diagnosis, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall, External Hernias, Ventral Hernia",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Ventral hernia is generic term encompassing variety of hernias through anterior and lateral abdominal wall\n..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/hypoglossal-nerve-cnxii_71012f02-fab7-42ed-bc60-e584dc229ccb.md",
"title": "Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)",
"docid": "71012f02-fab7-42ed-bc60-e584dc229ccb",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Skull Base and Cranial Nerves",
"Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "30274529-c61b-4267-94db-736fecd85af3",
"value": "Aparna Singhal, MD"
},
{
"key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809",
"value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 12th cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n -..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/wallerian-degeneration_e4bb682d-6534-4176-9d39-34c1a42f3771.md",
"title": "Wallerian Degeneration",
"docid": "e4bb682d-6534-4176-9d39-34c1a42f3771",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Dementias and Degenerative Disorders",
"Wallerian Degeneration"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Wallerian Degeneration",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Wallerian degeneration (WaD)\n - Progressive secondary anterograde degeneration of axons and their myelin..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/right-upper-quadrant-pain_33f29d78-0099-4ee9-85da-d0c70c1e0ce6.md",
"title": "Right Upper Quadrant Pain",
"docid": "33f29d78-0099-4ee9-85da-d0c70c1e0ce6",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Gallbladder",
"Clinically Based Differentials",
"Right Upper Quadrant Pain"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Clinically Based Differentials, Right Upper Quadrant Pain",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Hepatobiliary etiologies (e.g., cholecystitis, hepatitis, cholelithiasis,..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/ventricles-and-cisterns-overview_ad860c4f-fe9a-4469-8eca-a7ccd5cff70f.md",
"title": "Ventricles and Cisterns Overview",
"docid": "ad860c4f-fe9a-4469-8eca-a7ccd5cff70f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Ventricles and Cisterns",
"Ventricles and Cisterns Overview"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Ventricles and Cisterns Overview",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# Gross and Imaging Anatomy\n\n- ## Ventricles and Choroid Plexus\n- **Basic embryology**: Early in embryonic development, the forebrain cavity divides ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/trigeminal-neuropathy_6d668284-4c8e-4a14-90b6-c7abf86065e6.md",
"title": "Trigeminal Neuropathy",
"docid": "6d668284-4c8e-4a14-90b6-c7abf86065e6",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Cranial Nerves and Brainstem",
"Clinically Based Differentials",
"Trigeminal Neuropathy"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "ab4396df-0647-4f6a-b534-995eda06646c",
"value": "Nancy J. Fischbein, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Cranial Nerves and Brainstem, Clinically Based Differentials, Trigeminal Neuropathy",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - **Neuropathy vs. neuralgia**\n - Trigeminal neuropathy refers t..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/mass-in-iliopsoas-compartment_e39c8918-27cb-4dd6-9166-2b265b777a35.md",
"title": "Mass in Iliopsoas Compartment",
"docid": "e39c8918-27cb-4dd6-9166-2b265b777a35",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Abdominal Wall",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Mass in Iliopsoas Compartment"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Abdominal Wall, Anatomically Based Differentials, Mass in Iliopsoas Compartment",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Iliopsoas compartment masses are much more likely to result from infectio..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/susac-syndrome_5408755d-e5f0-488c-9f84-a4e4d91664eb.md",
"title": "Susac Syndrome",
"docid": "5408755d-e5f0-488c-9f84-a4e4d91664eb",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Stroke",
"Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy",
"Susac Syndrome"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "62f6e521-b48c-4923-89c1-f9e332170953",
"value": "Ali Morshid, MBBCh"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy, Susac Syndrome",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Immune-mediated vasculitis affecting brain, retina, and cochlea\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - T2-hyperintense..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/mucopolysaccharidoses_f5cb4b90-2431-40bb-8476-2e340b85fb9e.md",
"title": "Mucopolysaccharidoses",
"docid": "f5cb4b90-2431-40bb-8476-2e340b85fb9e",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Lysosomal Disorders",
"Mucopolysaccharidoses"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Inherited Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Lysosomal Disorders, Mucopolysaccharidoses",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS): I-IX\n - Group of lysosomal storage disorders\n - Characterized by..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cardiac-calcifications_c53ad786-4464-4a04-a3e9-ccd286e1f8fc.md",
"title": "Cardiac Calcifications",
"docid": "c53ad786-4464-4a04-a3e9-ccd286e1f8fc",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Cardiac Calcifications"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "df804626-c042-4296-96e3-836a6da50fd6",
"value": "Gregory Kicska, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Differential Diagnosis, Cardiac Calcifications",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Most common pitfall is misidentifying which anatomic structure is calcifi..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pituicytoma_fe593d2b-aab5-4f7e-95b5-0f20e8df96c5.md",
"title": "Pituicytoma",
"docid": "fe593d2b-aab5-4f7e-95b5-0f20e8df96c5",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Neoplasms",
"Pituicytoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Pituicytoma",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Rare tumor arising from pituicytes, specialized glial cells in neurohypophysis and infundibulum\n - Par..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/tuberous-sclerosis-complex_60611839-bd46-4b21-a671-d7f62e45b967.md",
"title": "Tuberous Sclerosis Complex",
"docid": "60611839-bd46-4b21-a671-d7f62e45b967",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Diagnosis",
"Pediatric Neuroradiology",
"Brain",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Congenital Malformations",
"Familial Tumor/Neurocutaneous Syndromes",
"Tuberous Sclerosis Complex"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Pediatric Neuroradiology, Brain, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Congenital Malformations, Familial Tumor/Neurocutaneous Syndromes, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Hamartomas of multiple organs → CNS, skin, kidney, bone\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Cerebral tubers\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/asymmetric-dilation-of-intrahepatic-bile-ducts_54bd67f4-bbad-48a9-9baa-96d727b34aef.md",
"title": "Asymmetric Dilation of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts",
"docid": "54bd67f4-bbad-48a9-9baa-96d727b34aef",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Biliary Tract",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Asymmetric Dilation of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Biliary Tract, Generic Imaging Patterns, Asymmetric Dilation of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Disproportionate dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts (relative to extra..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/absent-thin-infundibular-stalk_28acc91f-2d29-40b9-8a91-b02f16fe1284.md",
"title": "Absent/Thin Infundibular Stalk",
"docid": "28acc91f-2d29-40b9-8a91-b02f16fe1284",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Absent/Thin Infundibular Stalk"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "d19354f3-7ff2-495a-ad3f-064122e45602",
"value": "Bernadette L. Koch, MD"
},
{
"key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a",
"value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Absent/Thin Infundibular Stalk",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Congenital or acquired\n - History of trauma or sellar/suprasellar surg..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/premotor-cortex-and-supplementary-motor-area-area-6_bcdfd99d-95d0-4cbc-b858-9cfd66b863ee.md",
"title": "Premotor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area (Area 6)",
"docid": "bcdfd99d-95d0-4cbc-b858-9cfd66b863ee",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Premotor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area (Area 6)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Premotor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area (Area 6)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Dorsal premotor cortex\n - Caudal portions of inferior and middle frontal gyri and inf..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/temporal-cortex-areas-20-21-22_941f5780-bab8-491a-8a74-f5c86a2081f0.md",
"title": "Temporal Cortex (Areas 20, 21, 22)",
"docid": "941f5780-bab8-491a-8a74-f5c86a2081f0",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Temporal Cortex (Areas 20, 21, 22)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Temporal Cortex (Areas 20, 21, 22)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Temporal lobe, from posterior margin of temporopolar cortex to occipitotemporal junction\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pineal-suprasellar-lesions_b3295383-e7a6-436e-bfcc-801c97aa4501.md",
"title": "Pineal + Suprasellar Lesions",
"docid": "b3295383-e7a6-436e-bfcc-801c97aa4501",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Pineal + Suprasellar Lesions"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Pineal + Suprasellar Lesions",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Age may be helpful differentiating feature\n - Diabetes insipidus commo..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/suprasellar-mass-adult_52e755e0-b4b7-4a4d-a8ad-04480ca1768c.md",
"title": "Suprasellar Mass, Adult",
"docid": "52e755e0-b4b7-4a4d-a8ad-04480ca1768c",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Suprasellar Mass, Adult"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Suprasellar Mass, Adult",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Is mass extraaxial or intraaxial?\n - **Extraaxial**masses arise from p..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/deep-cerebral-veins_e426b06e-4b91-48ef-956b-78fb179b1de9.md",
"title": "Deep Cerebral Veins",
"docid": "e426b06e-4b91-48ef-956b-78fb179b1de9",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Veins and Venous Sinuses",
"Deep Cerebral Veins"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b",
"value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "afaec833-e997-49c4-8eab-e28310c6c2bf",
"value": "Adriene C. Eastaway, MD, MS"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Veins and Venous Sinuses, Deep Cerebral Veins",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Septal, thalamostriate, internal cerebral veins (SV, TSV, ICV)\n - Vein of Galen (VofG); basal vein..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/smooth-ahaustral-colon_1a15ed2c-4002-42f4-bf0f-10c7a5c72175.md",
"title": "Smooth Ahaustral Colon",
"docid": "1a15ed2c-4002-42f4-bf0f-10c7a5c72175",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Colon",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Smooth Ahaustral Colon"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Colon, Generic Imaging Patterns, Smooth Ahaustral Colon",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Haustra should always be present in proximal colon but can be absent norm..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/acute-ischemic-stroke_69a7a1f7-9c78-4ad1-82dd-9b13f2e717b3.md",
"title": "Acute Ischemic Stroke",
"docid": "69a7a1f7-9c78-4ad1-82dd-9b13f2e717b3",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Vasculature",
"Diagnosis",
"Extracranial Cerebral Arteries",
"Acute Ischemic Stroke"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06",
"value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Vasculature, Diagnosis, Extracranial Cerebral Arteries, Acute Ischemic Stroke",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Interrupted blood flow to brain resulting in cerebral ischemia/infarction with variable neurologic deficit\n..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/hyperechoic-gallbladder-wall_e5392413-3316-444a-96bc-d47b7093bee4.md",
"title": "Hyperechoic Gallbladder Wall",
"docid": "e5392413-3316-444a-96bc-d47b7093bee4",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Gallbladder",
"Modality-Specific Imaging Findings",
"Ultrasound",
"Hyperechoic Gallbladder Wall"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "07469ec4-05aa-4d65-a788-08b4d64048af",
"value": "Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Ultrasound, Hyperechoic Gallbladder Wall",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Differentiate gas-filled duodenum from abnormal gallbladder by location a..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/accessory-nerve-cnxi_9d50453e-c26a-46a3-826e-265736e43174.md",
"title": "Accessory Nerve (CNXI)",
"docid": "9d50453e-c26a-46a3-826e-265736e43174",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Skull Base and Cranial Nerves",
"Accessory Nerve (CNXI)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "331a2dea-c845-43ff-8bca-cea47b6251f2",
"value": "Siddhartha Gaddamanugu, MD"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Accessory Nerve (CNXI)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Accessory nerve (CNXI)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 11th cranial nerve (CN)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pediatric-seizure_3e2ea1fa-0651-45eb-bc1f-b072af8dd434.md",
"title": "Pediatric Seizure",
"docid": "3e2ea1fa-0651-45eb-bc1f-b072af8dd434",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Nuclear Medicine",
"Pediatrics",
"Central Nervous System",
"Pediatric Seizure"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b94c42b1-c572-4e72-ac48-bfe85989e2f3",
"value": "Andrew T. Trout, MD"
},
{
"key": "0a00bb19-ed17-4500-8bae-c9463720a4fb",
"value": "Nadeen K. Abu Ata, MD"
},
{
"key": "d2ed5cde-67ab-491a-963b-3c0f245d1fd8",
"value": "Karol Cardenas, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Nuclear Medicine, Pediatrics, Central Nervous System, Pediatric Seizure",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Nuclear imaging is not part of routine evaluation of isolated seizures\n - Plays important role in mult..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/esophageal-ulceration_252ceb1c-625d-40c1-9401-0fe90089f8eb.md",
"title": "Esophageal Ulceration",
"docid": "252ceb1c-625d-40c1-9401-0fe90089f8eb",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Esophagus",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Esophageal Ulceration"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Generic Imaging Patterns, Esophageal Ulceration",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - History is often key (e.g., AIDS, caustic ingestion, other known diseases..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/signal-attenuation-abnormalities-of-corpus-callosum_578bd09b-da74-43a2-b068-2d4854a61254.md",
"title": "Signal/Attenuation Abnormalities of Corpus Callosum",
"docid": "578bd09b-da74-43a2-b068-2d4854a61254",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Brain",
"Signal/Attenuation Abnormalities of Corpus Callosum"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Differential Diagnosis, Brain, Signal/Attenuation Abnormalities of Corpus Callosum",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical features to consider\n - History of trauma: Diffuse ax..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/primary-somatosensory-cortex-areas-1-2-3_21c4e99d-42e2-4c61-a77e-e0a23da36218.md",
"title": "Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Areas 1, 2, 3)",
"docid": "21c4e99d-42e2-4c61-a77e-e0a23da36218",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Areas 1, 2, 3)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Areas 1, 2, 3)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Postcentral gyrus\n - Posterior wall of central sulcus\n - Anterior wall of postcentral su..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/craniovertebral-junction-abnormality-general_e73f8637-ed99-4ff8-96c3-3afcc0e01f21.md",
"title": "Craniovertebral Junction Abnormality, General",
"docid": "e73f8637-ed99-4ff8-96c3-3afcc0e01f21",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Craniovertebral Junction",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Craniovertebral Junction Abnormality, General"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
},
{
"key": "86b8c311-8667-4afd-9b2b-0c2036a02b8a",
"value": "Julia R. Crim, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Craniovertebral Junction, Anatomically Based Differentials, Craniovertebral Junction Abnormality, General",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - **Hint**: Differentiate trauma vs. bony congenital variant\n - So..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cnviii-vestibulocochlear-nerve_e9917c41-94c9-46aa-b9d8-b196c375d35b.md",
"title": "CNVIII (Vestibulocochlear Nerve)",
"docid": "e9917c41-94c9-46aa-b9d8-b196c375d35b",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Cranial Nerves",
"CNVIII (Vestibulocochlear Nerve)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNVIII (Vestibulocochlear Nerve)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 8th cranial nerve, CN8\n- ### Definitions\n..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/frontotemporal-dementia_9f9eda8c-7e3c-4292-9861-4b8abc2c6474.md",
"title": "Frontotemporal Dementia",
"docid": "9f9eda8c-7e3c-4292-9861-4b8abc2c6474",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Nuclear Medicine",
"Central Nervous System",
"Neurodegeneration",
"Frontotemporal Dementia"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1f262abe-db83-4f18-99af-00bd3045cd4d",
"value": "Marc Benayoun, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "9d40c5b1-57d2-442c-9daf-8d8d9d53e24b",
"value": "Akiva Mintz, MD, PhD, MHA, CFA"
},
{
"key": "bbc899b6-2885-44bb-a5b0-24eec7314d33",
"value": "Bryan J. Neth, BS"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Nuclear Medicine, Central Nervous System, Neurodegeneration, Frontotemporal Dementia",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Frontotemporal dementia (FTD): Progressive neurodegenerative disorder of frontal/anterior temporal lobes\n- ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/enhancing-suprasellar-mass_528eaea9-095f-4fab-ad42-5ad84e215a2d.md",
"title": "Enhancing Suprasellar Mass",
"docid": "528eaea9-095f-4fab-ad42-5ad84e215a2d",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Enhancing Suprasellar Mass"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "318f80ab-6abb-4067-a809-2ebdaa5a30c9",
"value": "Kalen Riley, MD, MBA"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Enhancing Suprasellar Mass",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Effect of age on differential diagnosis important\n - Common lesions (\"..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/small-ventricles_2f99bc62-163e-41aa-b190-0da8a4de6d11.md",
"title": "Small Ventricles",
"docid": "2f99bc62-163e-41aa-b190-0da8a4de6d11",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Ventricles, Periventricular Regions",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Small Ventricles"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "d19354f3-7ff2-495a-ad3f-064122e45602",
"value": "Bernadette L. Koch, MD"
},
{
"key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a",
"value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Ventricles, Periventricular Regions, Generic Imaging Patterns, Small Ventricles",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Clinical features usually help define cause\n- ## Helpful Clues for Common..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/brainstem-tumors_7d172716-2a6c-40b4-a84f-f0fea74122c1.md",
"title": "Brainstem Tumors",
"docid": "7d172716-2a6c-40b4-a84f-f0fea74122c1",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Pediatrics",
"Diagnosis",
"Brain",
"Cysts and Neoplasms",
"Brainstem Tumors"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Pediatrics, Diagnosis, Brain, Cysts and Neoplasms, Brainstem Tumors",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Brainstem tumors (BSTs) are distinguished by location, imaging appearance, & histology\n - Medull..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/sellar-parasellar-mass-with-skull-base-invasion_9465656a-fba7-46d3-8538-2307f2441151.md",
"title": "Sellar/Parasellar Mass With Skull Base Invasion",
"docid": "9465656a-fba7-46d3-8538-2307f2441151",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Sellar/Parasellar Mass With Skull Base Invasion"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "e0282a62-994d-4550-a127-1eb773b1e920",
"value": "Blair A. Winegar, MD"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Sellar/Parasellar Mass With Skull Base Invasion",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Pattern of skull base involvement\n - Included: Lesion(s) with pe..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/suprasellar-mass-child_9c0d2762-4b8b-4ede-a9ca-859a789262da.md",
"title": "Suprasellar Mass, Child",
"docid": "9c0d2762-4b8b-4ede-a9ca-859a789262da",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Suprasellar Mass, Child"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a",
"value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Suprasellar Mass, Child",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Location is important\n - Pituitary: Craniopharyngioma, Rathke cleft cy..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm_3c637054-d97c-4ae6-bc0c-ceac5f4a4f1f.md",
"title": "Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm",
"docid": "3c637054-d97c-4ae6-bc0c-ceac5f4a4f1f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b00d2bdb-66e1-41ed-90b4-c52904f4d598",
"value": "Seth Kligerman, MD, MS"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Aortic dilatation > 50% of normal diameter\n - Etiology\n - Heritable syndromes with multisystem ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/alzheimer-disease_f71f5cf5-b1af-4c6d-b145-b4c10eec7b58.md",
"title": "Alzheimer Disease",
"docid": "f71f5cf5-b1af-4c6d-b145-b4c10eec7b58",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Dementias and Degenerative Disorders",
"Alzheimer Disease"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Alzheimer Disease",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Alzheimer disease (AD)\n - Slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Cu..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/esophageal-dysmotility_f1b9adf6-19bc-4665-84c5-2bea0a766f31.md",
"title": "Esophageal Dysmotility",
"docid": "f1b9adf6-19bc-4665-84c5-2bea0a766f31",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Esophagus",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Esophageal Dysmotility"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Generic Imaging Patterns, Esophageal Dysmotility",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Manometry and barium esophagram are complementary\n- ## Helpful Clues for ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pseudocoarctation_a5a7c623-d5cb-4bb1-b628-986d9ca1f94a.md",
"title": "Pseudocoarctation",
"docid": "a5a7c623-d5cb-4bb1-b628-986d9ca1f94a",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Pseudocoarctation"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a354e6da-2757-40e8-b7ff-5e6fb6413ff6",
"value": "Sachin S. Saboo, MD, FRCR, FSCMR"
},
{
"key": "b00d2bdb-66e1-41ed-90b4-c52904f4d598",
"value": "Seth Kligerman, MD, MS"
},
{
"key": "0e97d53b-518f-493d-bcf9-236f6494f4c2",
"value": "Carlos A. Rojas, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Pseudocoarctation",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Aortic arch elongation with kinking of thoracic aorta distal to origin of left subclavian artery at level o..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/external-nose_8a7dc886-ee95-48cd-96e3-af45978db516.md",
"title": "External Nose",
"docid": "8a7dc886-ee95-48cd-96e3-af45978db516",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Nose and Sinuses",
"External Nose"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Nose and Sinuses, External Nose",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Frontal process of maxilla (FPM)\n - Anterior lacrimal crest (ALC)\n - Posterior lacrimal crest (..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pituitary-apoplexy_9bc4615c-db83-4773-a4a2-3cdb2ee76a71.md",
"title": "Pituitary Apoplexy",
"docid": "9bc4615c-db83-4773-a4a2-3cdb2ee76a71",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Neoplasms",
"Pituitary Apoplexy"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Pituitary Apoplexy",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Acute clinical syndrome with headache, visual defects/ophthalmoplegia, altered mental status, variable en..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-fossa-neoplasm-pediatric_e0c7ab6d-9602-4bd6-a7e1-f1bd22d20516.md",
"title": "Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Pediatric",
"docid": "e0c7ab6d-9602-4bd6-a7e1-f1bd22d20516",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma",
"Clinically Based Differentials",
"Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Pediatric"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a",
"value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Clinically Based Differentials, Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Pediatric",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Unlike adults, primary neoplasm is more common than metastases\n - Mo..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/hypertrophic-olivary-degeneration_78257543-6d52-4879-84b1-445f3611d996.md",
"title": "Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration",
"docid": "78257543-6d52-4879-84b1-445f3611d996",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Dementias and Degenerative Disorders",
"Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Inferior olivary nucleus (ION) degeneration\n - Unique type of transsynaptic neuronal degeneration\n..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/adrenal-adenoma_e2916d86-5f9f-4dd3-9576-1a7b89d8dda0.md",
"title": "Adrenal Adenoma",
"docid": "e2916d86-5f9f-4dd3-9576-1a7b89d8dda0",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Genitourinary",
"Diagnosis",
"Adrenal",
"Benign Neoplasms",
"Adrenal Adenoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c3463c5c-31d3-4489-bbfe-6b895abdb86d",
"value": "Mitchell Tublin, MD"
},
{
"key": "b1738976-d5a8-48bc-a435-ed1434cd451a",
"value": "Mark D. Sugi, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Genitourinary, Diagnosis, Adrenal, Benign Neoplasms, Adrenal Adenoma",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Well-circumscribed, uniform, low-attenuation, small adrenal mass \n - Low attenuation due to abundant i..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/sinonasal-overview_96e48393-354c-43bf-8fec-5bfa8d0abe8b.md",
"title": "Sinonasal Overview",
"docid": "96e48393-354c-43bf-8fec-5bfa8d0abe8b",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Nose and Sinuses",
"Sinonasal Overview"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Nose and Sinuses, Sinonasal Overview",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Sinonasal (SN)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses (maxillary, frontal, eth..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/aortic-intramural-hematoma_128bc4cc-a26d-47d5-90e7-b1a1f608e657.md",
"title": "Aortic Intramural Hematoma",
"docid": "128bc4cc-a26d-47d5-90e7-b1a1f608e657",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Aortic Intramural Hematoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b66f94a2-4335-4ce8-a3ba-8c5527f8774c",
"value": "Domenico Mastrodicasa, MD"
},
{
"key": "5de0df07-7b3e-4678-8767-1519e1153f29",
"value": "Dominik Fleischmann, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Aortic Intramural Hematoma",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Intramural hematoma (IMH) (literally blood in wall) in its broadest sense refers to fresh thrombus/clot wit..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/multifocal-arterial-narrowing_761665cd-65e1-48e7-a539-1a5d7c148a6b.md",
"title": "Multifocal Arterial Narrowing",
"docid": "761665cd-65e1-48e7-a539-1a5d7c148a6b",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Arteries",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Multifocal Arterial Narrowing"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "2bca6b86-1eca-4e93-b997-4e18913686a7",
"value": "Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS"
},
{
"key": "f6dcad15-b660-4243-a242-a9845c929101",
"value": "J. Scott McNally, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Arteries, Anatomically Based Differentials, Multifocal Arterial Narrowing",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - **Clinical history major determinant of DDx (if available)**\n - ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-fossa-veins_7b5caf92-e4eb-4a23-ba29-45d1dbb1af65.md",
"title": "Posterior Fossa Veins",
"docid": "7b5caf92-e4eb-4a23-ba29-45d1dbb1af65",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Veins and Venous Sinuses",
"Posterior Fossa Veins"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Veins and Venous Sinuses, Posterior Fossa Veins",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Vein of Galen (VofG)\n - Precentral cerebellar vein (PCV)\n - Anterior pontomesencephalic vein/ve..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/enlarged-cardiac-silhouette_13d59c6a-0f7f-4389-8d8c-f19ca039e446.md",
"title": "Enlarged Cardiac Silhouette",
"docid": "13d59c6a-0f7f-4389-8d8c-f19ca039e446",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Enlarged Cardiac Silhouette"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "df804626-c042-4296-96e3-836a6da50fd6",
"value": "Gregory Kicska, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Differential Diagnosis, Enlarged Cardiac Silhouette",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Pericardial space fluid: Globular enlargement\n - Cardiac chamber enlar..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/extracranial-veins_83693722-9b65-4d3c-8f5b-88c9824b4252.md",
"title": "Extracranial Veins",
"docid": "83693722-9b65-4d3c-8f5b-88c9824b4252",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Veins and Venous Sinuses",
"Extracranial Veins"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Veins and Venous Sinuses, Extracranial Veins",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Internal jugular vein (IJV)\n - Internal carotid artery (ICA)\n - Common carotid artery (CCA)\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-skull-base_b363fd64-a5af-4719-a285-71cdbec60f69.md",
"title": "Posterior Skull Base",
"docid": "b363fd64-a5af-4719-a285-71cdbec60f69",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Skull Base and Cranial Nerves",
"Posterior Skull Base"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Posterior Skull Base",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Posterior skull base (PSB)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Skull base (SB) posterior to dorsum sella an..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pineal-region_b8919938-2bad-4562-a94e-9ad05803b4d4.md",
"title": "Pineal Region",
"docid": "b8919938-2bad-4562-a94e-9ad05803b4d4",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Pineal Region"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06",
"value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Pineal Region",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Pineal gland, pineal body, epiphysis cerebri\n - Posterior commissure: Epithalamic commissure\n- ### Defi..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/miscellaneous-vasculitis_221f737a-6bfa-4331-b296-402e40973f7e.md",
"title": "Miscellaneous Vasculitis",
"docid": "221f737a-6bfa-4331-b296-402e40973f7e",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Stroke",
"Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy",
"Miscellaneous Vasculitis"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy, Miscellaneous Vasculitis",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Heterogeneous group of CNS disorders\n - Characterized by nonatheromatous inflammation and necros..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/finger-in-glove-sign_81c5db2f-b8f6-4092-bcd2-ffb8aa3ab18a.md",
"title": "Finger-in-Glove Sign",
"docid": "81c5db2f-b8f6-4092-bcd2-ffb8aa3ab18a",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Chest",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Airways",
"General Imaging Patterns",
"Finger-in-Glove Sign"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "fa682303-6426-4b97-8c60-783051febb88",
"value": "Jorge Alberto Carrillo-Bayona, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Chest, Differential Diagnosis, Airways, General Imaging Patterns, Finger-in-Glove Sign",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Finger-in-glove sign: Mucoid impaction with resultant dilated or impacted..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/persistent-fifth-arch_931c64bc-e8a0-4a99-848b-1429f3c1d500.md",
"title": "Persistent Fifth Arch",
"docid": "931c64bc-e8a0-4a99-848b-1429f3c1d500",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Persistent Fifth Arch"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "9fea2857-d729-4fe4-b4fd-3b7bf1db23cf",
"value": "Mortadha Al-Kinani, MD, MBChB"
},
{
"key": "3d1e4c57-c1cf-4c89-b0f0-5d82b29a31e1",
"value": "Suhny Abbara, MD, FACR, MSCCT, FNASCI"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Persistent Fifth Arch",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Rare congenital vascular anomaly\n - May be isolated or associated with other abnormalities\n - C..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/moyamoya_c820f6bf-ddb6-4e75-b0ca-61263ed63b21.md",
"title": "Moyamoya",
"docid": "c820f6bf-ddb6-4e75-b0ca-61263ed63b21",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Stroke",
"Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy",
"Moyamoya"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy, Moyamoya",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Progressive narrowing of distal ICA/proximal circle of Willis (COW) vessels with secondary collateralizatio..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/adem_7066708a-9349-472e-b210-849cca6426d7.md",
"title": "ADEM",
"docid": "7066708a-9349-472e-b210-849cca6426d7",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases",
"Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease",
"ADEM"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR"
},
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, ADEM",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Autoimmune-mediated white matter (WM) demyelination of brain &/or spinal cord, usually with remyelination..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/normal-aging-brain_2a315550-b2ea-4afe-a2ef-f93a2209f276.md",
"title": "Normal Aging Brain",
"docid": "2a315550-b2ea-4afe-a2ef-f93a2209f276",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Dementias and Degenerative Disorders",
"Normal Aging Brain"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Normal Aging Brain",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - ↓ overall brain volume with advancing age\n - Reflected in relative ↑ CSF spaces\n- ## Imaging\n \n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/central-skull-base_2a489198-8130-4d47-8226-6970858ed6ed.md",
"title": "Central Skull Base",
"docid": "2a489198-8130-4d47-8226-6970858ed6ed",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Skull Base and Cranial Nerves",
"Central Skull Base"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Central Skull Base",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Central skull base (CSB)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CSB: Skull base posterior to lesser wing of sp..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/takayasu-arteritis_d35eb6f3-bfd3-4121-8781-325a93ccc197.md",
"title": "Takayasu Arteritis",
"docid": "d35eb6f3-bfd3-4121-8781-325a93ccc197",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Takayasu Arteritis"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "ee6ece9d-ad74-458c-a8df-11628ae7f879",
"value": "Arzu Canan, MD"
},
{
"key": "3d1e4c57-c1cf-4c89-b0f0-5d82b29a31e1",
"value": "Suhny Abbara, MD, FACR, MSCCT, FNASCI"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Takayasu Arteritis",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Takayasu arteritis (TA)\n - Pulseless disease\n - Chronic granulomatous vasculitis of large vessels\n- #..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/spondylolisthesis_d6814405-6860-4201-add1-bf7fc6887ffa.md",
"title": "Spondylolisthesis",
"docid": "d6814405-6860-4201-add1-bf7fc6887ffa",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Spondylolisthesis"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
},
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Generic Imaging Patterns, Spondylolisthesis",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Spondylolisthesis → displacement of one vertebral body relative to anot..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/multiple-brain-hyperintensities-t2-flair-common_c4edb275-a180-4910-9cad-da08c1138784.md",
"title": "Multiple Brain Hyperintensities (T2/FLAIR), Common",
"docid": "c4edb275-a180-4910-9cad-da08c1138784",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Brain Parenchyma, General",
"Modality-Specific Imaging Findings",
"Multiple Brain Hyperintensities (T2/FLAIR), Common"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "30ce27b2-237f-4aff-a88f-65ead356335b",
"value": "Marinos Kontzialis, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Brain Parenchyma, General, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Multiple Brain Hyperintensities (T2/FLAIR), Common",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Aging Brain, Normal**\n - White matter (WM) hyperintensities..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/chronic-posttraumatic-pseudoaneurysm_21837987-efb6-4218-90ff-22362f61a21d.md",
"title": "Chronic Posttraumatic Pseudoaneurysm",
"docid": "21837987-efb6-4218-90ff-22362f61a21d",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Chronic Posttraumatic Pseudoaneurysm"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "10bb95ac-a27a-4ebe-833b-e59fea07734b",
"value": "Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "5de0df07-7b3e-4678-8767-1519e1153f29",
"value": "Dominik Fleischmann, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Chronic Posttraumatic Pseudoaneurysm",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Traumatic disruption of aortic wall that goes undiagnosed in acute setting\n - Chronic traumatic aortic i..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/guillain-barr-spectrum-disorders_c1f52a65-920e-4e28-8a75-07dfa208f290.md",
"title": "Guillain-Barré Spectrum Disorders",
"docid": "c1f52a65-920e-4e28-8a75-07dfa208f290",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease",
"Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease",
"Guillain-Barré Spectrum Disorders"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, Guillain-Barré Spectrum Disorders",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE)\n -..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/peritoneal-spaces-and-structures_9c50ad6a-e96b-44a1-93d1-a4e7de5212c2.md",
"title": "Peritoneal Spaces and Structures",
"docid": "9c50ad6a-e96b-44a1-93d1-a4e7de5212c2",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Ultrasound",
"Anatomy",
"Abdomen",
"Peritoneal Spaces and Structures"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "07469ec4-05aa-4d65-a788-08b4d64048af",
"value": "Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Ultrasound, Anatomy, Abdomen, Peritoneal Spaces and Structures",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n# TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ## Definitions\n \n \n - Peritoneal cavity: Potential space in abdomen between visceral and parietal peritoneum, usually containin..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/sella-pituitary-normal-variants_ad280a2d-6df3-4f2d-a195-623332ca7634.md",
"title": "Sella/Pituitary Normal Variants",
"docid": "ad280a2d-6df3-4f2d-a195-623332ca7634",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Sella/Pituitary Normal Variants"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "318f80ab-6abb-4067-a809-2ebdaa5a30c9",
"value": "Kalen Riley, MD, MBA"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Sella/Pituitary Normal Variants",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Prior to evaluating sella/pituitary, essential to know patient age, sex\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/multiple-sclerosis_abe95a5e-394f-411b-aca6-72ab160a1d0d.md",
"title": "Multiple Sclerosis",
"docid": "abe95a5e-394f-411b-aca6-72ab160a1d0d",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases",
"Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease",
"Multiple Sclerosis"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "1fa14dfd-71ea-4960-908e-e720313bc63a",
"value": "Santhosh Gaddikeri, MD"
},
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Diseases, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, Multiple Sclerosis",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Idiopathic chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of CNS\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - Multiple perpendic..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/papillary-craniopharyngioma_5fc02283-a795-420b-8003-24a5e4616a5e.md",
"title": "Papillary Craniopharyngioma",
"docid": "5fc02283-a795-420b-8003-24a5e4616a5e",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Neoplasms",
"Papillary Craniopharyngioma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Papillary Craniopharyngioma",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - 2 distinct tumor craniopharyngioma (CP) types in 2021 WHO: Adamantinomatous (AdCP) and papillary (PaCP)\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/lymphocytic-hypophysitis_f30774c3-cbd0-4ab3-b3d1-e0574106db1f.md",
"title": "Lymphocytic Hypophysitis",
"docid": "f30774c3-cbd0-4ab3-b3d1-e0574106db1f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Miscellaneous",
"Lymphocytic Hypophysitis"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "318f80ab-6abb-4067-a809-2ebdaa5a30c9",
"value": "Kalen Riley, MD, MBA"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Miscellaneous, Lymphocytic Hypophysitis",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Lymphocytic hypophysitis (LH)\n - Synonyms: Adenohypophysitis, primary hypophysitis, stalkitis\n - Idio..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/posterior-fossa-neoplasm-adult_99d60abd-c553-4a05-8eb3-90eaf4e9d959.md",
"title": "Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Adult",
"docid": "99d60abd-c553-4a05-8eb3-90eaf4e9d959",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma",
"Clinically Based Differentials",
"Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Adult"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8bf951c6-3575-4f38-8878-17cd9d4f2d12",
"value": "Tabassum A. Kennedy, MD"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Infratentorial Brain Parenchyma, Clinically Based Differentials, Posterior Fossa Neoplasm, Adult",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - With exception of vestibular schwannoma (VS), posterior fossa (PF) neop..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/acute-cerebral-ischemia-infarction_a405285f-aaea-43ca-8dc4-6f8120eaabc1.md",
"title": "Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction",
"docid": "a405285f-aaea-43ca-8dc4-6f8120eaabc1",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Stroke",
"Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction",
"Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "095c34cb-da44-4830-98c9-7e1a24bdda5b",
"value": "Edward P. Quigley, III, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction, Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Interrupted blood flow to brain resulting in cerebral ischemia/infarction\n - Stroke, brain attack = desc..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/elevated-or-deformed-hemidiaphragm_208baaa2-8772-4560-af34-46ce757edcb9.md",
"title": "Elevated or Deformed Hemidiaphragm",
"docid": "208baaa2-8772-4560-af34-46ce757edcb9",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Abdominal Wall",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Elevated or Deformed Hemidiaphragm"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Abdominal Wall, Anatomically Based Differentials, Elevated or Deformed Hemidiaphragm",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Axial CT suboptimal for distinguishing diaphragm from spleen, liver, and ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/spinocerbellar-ataxia_df64565a-5c8c-4387-879b-b341b655e478.md",
"title": "Spinocerbellar Ataxia",
"docid": "df64565a-5c8c-4387-879b-b341b655e478",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Dementias and Degenerative Disorders",
"Spinocerbellar Ataxia"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Spinocerbellar Ataxia",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA)\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Cerebellum atrophy always, brainstem often\n - Supr..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/inferior-frontal-gyrus-areas-44-45-47_e00b98ea-3eab-46e1-8606-533aacc5d5cd.md",
"title": "Inferior Frontal Gyrus (Areas 44, 45, 47)",
"docid": "e00b98ea-3eab-46e1-8606-533aacc5d5cd",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Inferior Frontal Gyrus (Areas 44, 45, 47)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Inferior Frontal Gyrus (Areas 44, 45, 47)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Area 44 (pars opercularis)\n - Most caudal inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), rostral to pr..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/normal-pressure-hydrocephalus_834ccc3e-2116-4295-8408-0ac9a06bd2ff.md",
"title": "Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus",
"docid": "834ccc3e-2116-4295-8408-0ac9a06bd2ff",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Nuclear Medicine",
"Central Nervous System",
"Cerebrospinal Fluid",
"Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "7dbc3b85-5978-457e-8a59-a8dc331117be",
"value": "Valerie E. Stine, MD"
},
{
"key": "de666297-0c6b-4f26-8d19-b1cd374a148f",
"value": "Paige Bennett, MD"
},
{
"key": "1f262abe-db83-4f18-99af-00bd3045cd4d",
"value": "Marc Benayoun, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Nuclear Medicine, Central Nervous System, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH): Ventriculomegaly out of proportion to sulcal enlargement in setting of..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/mesenteric-vessels_79a4117f-773a-40b3-bdb5-b0195f84e087.md",
"title": "Mesenteric Vessels",
"docid": "79a4117f-773a-40b3-bdb5-b0195f84e087",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Ultrasound",
"Anatomy",
"Abdomen",
"Mesenteric Vessels"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "738b847a-9cda-4cbd-ad90-2d1fdaecd4ca",
"value": "Eric Turner, MD"
},
{
"key": "3c685430-58b7-4676-a18e-dd1c1de70f1a",
"value": "Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH"
},
{
"key": "0817f9c9-9bce-42a9-aacc-5d18a3cd66be",
"value": "Daniel Childers, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Ultrasound, Anatomy, Abdomen, Mesenteric Vessels",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n# IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ## Internal Contents\n \n \n - **Abdominal aorta**\n - Anatomy\n - Continuation of thoracic aorta begi..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cerebellum_277bd2bc-3694-4712-a040-f69956b0b4ff.md",
"title": "Cerebellum",
"docid": "277bd2bc-3694-4712-a040-f69956b0b4ff",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Infratentorial Brain",
"Cerebellum"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "4d7b64a2-00bd-47b1-9e98-1f3bd129a877",
"value": "Giuseppe Barisano, MD"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Infratentorial Brain, Cerebellum",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Classic nomenclature (simplified nomenclature): Superior (tentorial), inferior (suboccipital), anterior (p..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/intratemporal-facial-nerve-enhancement_a3569ec5-a566-411d-877f-41ad832e3fd2.md",
"title": "Intratemporal Facial Nerve Enhancement",
"docid": "a3569ec5-a566-411d-877f-41ad832e3fd2",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Diagnosis",
"Temporal Bone",
"Intratemporal Facial Nerve",
"Pseudolesions",
"Intratemporal Facial Nerve Enhancement"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Temporal Bone, Intratemporal Facial Nerve, Pseudolesions, Intratemporal Facial Nerve Enhancement",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - **Normal** contrast enhancement (CE) along course of intratemporal facial nerve (CNVII); typically subtle, ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/subarachnoid-spaces-cisterns_f56a0bc1-03b3-41fb-9c3f-535e09dccc07.md",
"title": "Subarachnoid Spaces/Cisterns",
"docid": "f56a0bc1-03b3-41fb-9c3f-535e09dccc07",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"CSF Spaces",
"Subarachnoid Spaces/Cisterns"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06",
"value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, CSF Spaces, Subarachnoid Spaces/Cisterns",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Subarachnoid spaces (SASs)\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - SASs: Cerebrospinal fluid-filled spaces betw..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension_d7a0a1b6-1d94-473c-9fe9-021443969f9f.md",
"title": "Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension",
"docid": "d7a0a1b6-1d94-473c-9fe9-021443969f9f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Ventricles and Cisterns",
"CSF Disorders",
"Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, CSF Disorders, Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)\n - Pseudotumor cerebri\n - Benign intracranial hypertension..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortex-areas-9-46_7fc7626e-ab15-47aa-b12f-65414ac64fea.md",
"title": "Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (Areas 9, 46)",
"docid": "7fc7626e-ab15-47aa-b12f-65414ac64fea",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (Areas 9, 46)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (Areas 9, 46)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Middle frontal gyrus\n - Middle portion (medial and lateral) of superior frontal gyrus\n- ###..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/echogenic-material-in-gallbladder_b5081d1a-04fb-429d-af24-dc61d36412e4.md",
"title": "Echogenic Material in Gallbladder",
"docid": "b5081d1a-04fb-429d-af24-dc61d36412e4",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Gallbladder",
"Modality-Specific Imaging Findings",
"Ultrasound",
"Echogenic Material in Gallbladder"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "07469ec4-05aa-4d65-a788-08b4d64048af",
"value": "Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Ultrasound, Echogenic Material in Gallbladder",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Cholelithiasis**\n - Highly reflective intraluminal structure ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cranial-nerves-overview_1edc42e3-5c31-42b9-b8b8-44cc3bd38432.md",
"title": "Cranial Nerves Overview",
"docid": "1edc42e3-5c31-42b9-b8b8-44cc3bd38432",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Skull Base and Cranial Nerves",
"Cranial Nerves Overview"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Cranial Nerves Overview",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Olfactory nerve (CNI)\n - Optic nerve (CNII)\n - Oculomotor nerve (CNIII)\n - Trochlear nerve (..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/trigeminal-nerve-cnv_06e99da6-48fc-45f4-a571-97d12a15f365.md",
"title": "Trigeminal Nerve (CNV)",
"docid": "06e99da6-48fc-45f4-a571-97d12a15f365",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Skull Base and Cranial Nerves",
"Trigeminal Nerve (CNV) "
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD"
},
{
"key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809",
"value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Trigeminal Nerve (CNV) ",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Trigeminal nerve (CNV)\n - Ophthalmic division, trigeminal nerve (CNV1)\n - Maxillary division, t..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/hemifacial-spasm_1b390143-1212-4447-beb3-ed9e85ef34e4.md",
"title": "Hemifacial Spasm",
"docid": "1b390143-1212-4447-beb3-ed9e85ef34e4",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa",
"Clinically Based Differentials",
"Hemifacial Spasm"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "eef2f839-5706-47b9-89c3-60d8315b2b3a",
"value": "Nicholas A. Koontz, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Clinically Based Differentials, Hemifacial Spasm",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Overall statistics\n - In > 95% of cases, **arterial vascular loo..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/marfan-syndrome_61d06223-8428-401c-89bc-d12205410726.md",
"title": "Marfan Syndrome",
"docid": "61d06223-8428-401c-89bc-d12205410726",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Marfan Syndrome"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "9fea2857-d729-4fe4-b4fd-3b7bf1db23cf",
"value": "Mortadha Al-Kinani, MD, MBChB"
},
{
"key": "10bb95ac-a27a-4ebe-833b-e59fea07734b",
"value": "Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Marfan Syndrome",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Congenital systemic connective tissue disorder; skeletal, cardiovascular, and ocular abnormalities\n- ## Ima..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/limited-intimal-tear_bb253de9-ab48-4740-89bd-0036fb8c12f5.md",
"title": "Limited Intimal Tear",
"docid": "bb253de9-ab48-4740-89bd-0036fb8c12f5",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Cardiac",
"Diagnosis",
"Aorta",
"Limited Intimal Tear"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5de0df07-7b3e-4678-8767-1519e1153f29",
"value": "Dominik Fleischmann, MD"
},
{
"key": "5a4d7c03-82a7-4740-947a-9638213aec4a",
"value": "Mohammad H. Madani, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Cardiac, Diagnosis, Aorta, Limited Intimal Tear",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Limited tear, incomplete dissection, partial thickness tear, limited dissection\n - Limited tears of aort..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/granular-cell-tumor_c086da8c-6213-4e2b-853b-422bad8c0013.md",
"title": "Granular Cell Tumor",
"docid": "c086da8c-6213-4e2b-853b-422bad8c0013",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Neoplasms",
"Granular Cell Tumor"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Granular Cell Tumor",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Neoplasms that arise from pituicytes, specialized glial cells of neurohypophysis or infundibulum\n - Ra..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cpa-iac-lipoma_37ef2fb6-7d7e-48dc-b786-16ed4475b26e.md",
"title": "CPA-IAC Lipoma",
"docid": "37ef2fb6-7d7e-48dc-b786-16ed4475b26e",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Diagnosis",
"CPA-IAC",
"Congenital Lesions",
"CPA-IAC Lipoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "318f80ab-6abb-4067-a809-2ebdaa5a30c9",
"value": "Kalen Riley, MD, MBA"
},
{
"key": "e0282a62-994d-4550-a127-1eb773b1e920",
"value": "Blair A. Winegar, MD"
},
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, CPA-IAC, Congenital Lesions, CPA-IAC Lipoma",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Lipoma in CPA-IAC: Nonneoplastic mass of adipose tissue in CPA-IAC area\n- ### Imaging\n \n \n - Focal, ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/lesion-at-pharyngoesophageal-junction_46de1145-6bac-41a4-aa57-3af411a79cd0.md",
"title": "Lesion at Pharyngoesophageal Junction",
"docid": "46de1145-6bac-41a4-aa57-3af411a79cd0",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Esophagus",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Lesion at Pharyngoesophageal Junction"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Generic Imaging Patterns, Lesion at Pharyngoesophageal Junction",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Determine which side(s) of lumen are indented\n - Cricopharyngeal..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/anterior-cingulate-cortex-areas-24-32-33_c60713f5-bab5-417f-a144-94bd6751ca2e.md",
"title": "Anterior Cingulate Cortex (Areas 24, 32, 33)",
"docid": "c60713f5-bab5-417f-a144-94bd6751ca2e",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Anterior Cingulate Cortex (Areas 24, 32, 33)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Anterior Cingulate Cortex (Areas 24, 32, 33)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
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],
"snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Cingulate gyrus from genu of corpus callosum to level of marginal sulcus\n - Area 33: Callos..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/hypothalamus-lesion_0fc29bff-9f20-4e19-a436-04c7791e3972.md",
"title": "Hypothalamus Lesion",
"docid": "0fc29bff-9f20-4e19-a436-04c7791e3972",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Hypothalamus Lesion"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "318f80ab-6abb-4067-a809-2ebdaa5a30c9",
"value": "Kalen Riley, MD, MBA"
},
{
"key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a",
"value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Hypothalamus Lesion",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Anatomic essentials\n - Hypothalamus lies below level of anterior..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/fragile-x-associated-tremor-ataxia-fxtas_4778fafe-9873-4c28-8f4f-299c00c72b50.md",
"title": "Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia (FXTAS)",
"docid": "4778fafe-9873-4c28-8f4f-299c00c72b50",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Dementias and Degenerative Disorders",
"Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia (FXTAS)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Dementias and Degenerative Disorders, Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia (FXTAS)",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS)\n - X-linked progressive neurodegenerative disorder c..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/autoimmune-encephalitis_6eb3d5d6-7f6a-4367-a792-b5d4b19675da.md",
"title": "Autoimmune Encephalitis",
"docid": "6eb3d5d6-7f6a-4367-a792-b5d4b19675da",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease",
"Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease",
"Autoimmune Encephalitis"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, Autoimmune Encephalitis",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Autoimmune encephalitis (AE): Immune-mediated disease with antibody-mediated inflammation of brain\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/status-epilepticus_a058b733-4b80-46a1-8097-d68685ecf921.md",
"title": "Status Epilepticus",
"docid": "a058b733-4b80-46a1-8097-d68685ecf921",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders",
"Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations",
"Status Epilepticus"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Acquired Toxic/Metabolic/Degenerative Disorders, Toxic, Metabolic, Nutritional, Systemic Diseases With CNS Manifestations, Status Epilepticus",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Seizure with ≥ 5 minutes continuous clinical &/or electrographic seizure activity, or recurrent seizure act..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/distended-gallbladder_bad88f22-25a6-4a95-9a31-9a940e7045c8.md",
"title": "Distended Gallbladder",
"docid": "bad88f22-25a6-4a95-9a31-9a940e7045c8",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Gallbladder",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Distended Gallbladder"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Generic Imaging Patterns, Distended Gallbladder",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - No absolute size criteria, but gallbladder (GB) considered distended when..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cystic-cpa-mass_6c60db6d-8093-4df5-8cbb-c6f6570ae167.md",
"title": "Cystic CPA Mass",
"docid": "6c60db6d-8093-4df5-8cbb-c6f6570ae167",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Cystic CPA Mass"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06",
"value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, CPA-IAC and Posterior Fossa, Generic Imaging Patterns, Cystic CPA Mass",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - This differential diagnosis is constructed around lesions of cerebellopon..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/adem_a3fafeb7-5861-4364-beb8-c0e30220564e.md",
"title": "ADEM",
"docid": "a3fafeb7-5861-4364-beb8-c0e30220564e",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease",
"Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease",
"ADEM"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "99e1aff7-f42c-43a0-95ae-d89c8551aa01",
"value": "Kevin R. Moore, MD"
},
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
},
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Infectious, Inflammatory, and Demyelinating Disease, Inflammatory and Demyelinating Disease, ADEM",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Autoimmune-mediated white matter (WM) demyelination of brain &/or spinal cord, usually with remyelination\n-..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pterygopalatine-fossa_8028d3aa-f348-48e4-b364-f793ca6aac88.md",
"title": "Pterygopalatine Fossa",
"docid": "8028d3aa-f348-48e4-b364-f793ca6aac88",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Nose and Sinuses",
"Pterygopalatine Fossa"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Nose and Sinuses, Pterygopalatine Fossa",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Pterygopalatine fossa (PPF)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - Less commonly known as sphenopalatine fossa\n- ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/social-brain-anatomy_0352d34a-5966-494e-b9c3-c26bde257bca.md",
"title": "Social Brain Anatomy",
"docid": "0352d34a-5966-494e-b9c3-c26bde257bca",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Brain Network Anatomy",
"Social Brain Anatomy"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Brain Network Anatomy, Social Brain Anatomy",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Title",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - A distributed set of brain regions are thought to participate in social cognition, each contributing f..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pituitary-microadenoma-pituitary-neuroendocrine-tumor_ff665ceb-8936-4259-84b0-7a568e53890f.md",
"title": "Pituitary Microadenoma/Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor",
"docid": "ff665ceb-8936-4259-84b0-7a568e53890f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Neoplasms",
"Pituitary Microadenoma/Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Pituitary Microadenoma/Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Microadenoma: ≤ 10 mm in diameter\n - Pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) newest term\n- ### Imaging..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/aqueductal-stenosis_6dfa6261-3945-4606-850b-51484d05e70c.md",
"title": "Aqueductal Stenosis",
"docid": "6dfa6261-3945-4606-850b-51484d05e70c",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Ventricles and Cisterns",
"Hydrocephalus",
"Aqueductal Stenosis"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "2c9d2e67-05db-4d26-b8cb-02e0f7566179",
"value": "Usha D. Nagaraj, MD"
},
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Ventricles and Cisterns, Hydrocephalus, Aqueductal Stenosis",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Aqueductal stenosis (AS)\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Ventriculomegaly of lateral and 3rd ventricles with norma..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/ventriculomegaly_f40bd6eb-e7e5-498a-8bde-ad6bcd546f21.md",
"title": "Ventriculomegaly",
"docid": "f40bd6eb-e7e5-498a-8bde-ad6bcd546f21",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Ventricles, Periventricular Regions",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Ventriculomegaly"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "47381de4-c9fd-4999-8dd0-1808cd72db6b",
"value": "Luke L. Linscott, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Ventricles, Periventricular Regions, Generic Imaging Patterns, Ventriculomegaly",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - 2 main causes of ventriculomegaly\n - ↑ CSF pressures → hydroceph..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/inferior-parietal-lobule-areas-39-40_5435aba9-fa7f-48fb-b292-0f69309f31d6.md",
"title": "Inferior Parietal Lobule (Areas 39, 40)",
"docid": "5435aba9-fa7f-48fb-b292-0f69309f31d6",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Inferior Parietal Lobule (Areas 39, 40)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Inferior Parietal Lobule (Areas 39, 40)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
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"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Area 39 (angular gyrus)\n - Caudal inferior parietal lobule\n - Area 40 (supramargin..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/dilated-gallbladder_e247f853-a5c2-4535-b071-33f6b89acd80.md",
"title": "Dilated Gallbladder",
"docid": "e247f853-a5c2-4535-b071-33f6b89acd80",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Gallbladder",
"Modality-Specific Imaging Findings",
"Ultrasound",
"Dilated Gallbladder"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "07469ec4-05aa-4d65-a788-08b4d64048af",
"value": "Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Ultrasound, Dilated Gallbladder",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Determine whether gallbladder is obstructed\n - Look for intrinsi..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cniv-trochlear-nerve_52486223-9cb5-43f5-b9af-c46431ae6637.md",
"title": "CNIV (Trochlear Nerve)",
"docid": "52486223-9cb5-43f5-b9af-c46431ae6637",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Cranial Nerves",
"CNIV (Trochlear Nerve)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD"
},
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNIV (Trochlear Nerve)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
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"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Trochlear nerve: CNIV\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 4th cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CNIV..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cnvi-abducens-nerve_923d7c4a-93a3-42ba-b8db-c7b15348e473.md",
"title": "CNVI (Abducens Nerve)",
"docid": "923d7c4a-93a3-42ba-b8db-c7b15348e473",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Cranial Nerves",
"CNVI (Abducens Nerve)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "b2e6dabb-ee1c-42a4-a332-9f0814c1c607",
"value": "Surjith Vattoth, MD"
},
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Cranial Nerves, CNVI (Abducens Nerve)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Abducens nerve (CNVI)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 6th cranial nerve\n - CN6\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/focal-gallbladder-wall-thickening_b99e87cb-a7dd-47db-9598-f27cee84435b.md",
"title": "Focal Gallbladder Wall Thickening",
"docid": "b99e87cb-a7dd-47db-9598-f27cee84435b",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Gallbladder",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Focal Gallbladder Wall Thickening"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Gallbladder, Generic Imaging Patterns, Focal Gallbladder Wall Thickening",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Normal gallbladder (GB) wall measures ≤ 3 mm and appears as thin, echogen..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/intracranial-arteries-overview_d5966ea0-e68e-49f5-975b-0cf2b16c0b5b.md",
"title": "Intracranial Arteries Overview",
"docid": "d5966ea0-e68e-49f5-975b-0cf2b16c0b5b",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Intracranial Arteries",
"Intracranial Arteries Overview"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
},
{
"key": "4d7b64a2-00bd-47b1-9e98-1f3bd129a877",
"value": "Giuseppe Barisano, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Intracranial Arteries, Intracranial Arteries Overview",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Anterior, middle, posterior cerebral arteries (ACA, MCA, PCA)\n - Anterior, posterior communicating..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/enlarged-vertebral-body-posterior-element_4226bd04-9c75-416a-b59f-a7d2d1cd3113.md",
"title": "Enlarged Vertebral Body/Posterior Element",
"docid": "4226bd04-9c75-416a-b59f-a7d2d1cd3113",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Enlarged Vertebral Body/Posterior Element"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Generic Imaging Patterns, Enlarged Vertebral Body/Posterior Element",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Osteoblastoma should always be considered in differential diagnosis of ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/parenchymal-metastases_2cf0bd40-4597-4c0b-83e4-74340304b98f.md",
"title": "Parenchymal Metastases",
"docid": "2cf0bd40-4597-4c0b-83e4-74340304b98f",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Neoplasms",
"Metastatic Tumors",
"Parenchymal Metastases"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "a25c450b-3d34-4f64-bba3-cc0834813df6",
"value": "Miral D. Jhaveri, MD, MBA"
},
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Neoplasms, Metastatic Tumors, Parenchymal Metastases",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Secondary brain tumors (metastases) arise from\n - Tumors outside CNS spreading to CNS\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/vertebral-body-t1-hypointense-signal-focal_f114c019-a06b-4718-a813-da44516bedbf.md",
"title": "Vertebral Body, T1-Hypointense Signal, Focal",
"docid": "f114c019-a06b-4718-a813-da44516bedbf",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Spine",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements",
"Modality-Specific Imaging Findings",
"Vertebral Body, T1-Hypointense Signal, Focal"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "bee1f359-33fb-4cba-9e6b-ed1ca1842439",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Ross, MD"
},
{
"key": "bf7af3a5-468c-48d0-8aea-4f6e808af979",
"value": "Bryson Borg, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Spine, Differential Diagnosis, Vertebral Body, Posterior Elements, Modality-Specific Imaging Findings, Vertebral Body, T1-Hypointense Signal, Focal",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ### Helpful Clues for Diagnoses\n \n \n - **Basivertebral Vein**\n - Linear or triangular structure projecting ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/masticator-space-cnv3-perineural-tumor_164c3453-bb5e-47de-bc50-ad96628e0d57.md",
"title": "Masticator Space CNV3 Perineural Tumor",
"docid": "164c3453-bb5e-47de-bc50-ad96628e0d57",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Diagnosis",
"Masticator Space",
"Malignant Tumors",
"Masticator Space CNV3 Perineural Tumor"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "530afd4d-6f67-4edf-8925-dd23ebf434f3",
"value": "Jaclyn E. Thiessen, MD"
},
{
"key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06",
"value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Masticator Space, Malignant Tumors, Masticator Space CNV3 Perineural Tumor",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Perineural tumor (PNT) of masticator space (MS) is malignant spread along CNV3 (mandibular branch of trig..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cpa-iac-facial-nerve-schwannoma_9db01630-23a4-4f42-ad83-0ec399503495.md",
"title": "CPA-IAC Facial Nerve Schwannoma",
"docid": "9db01630-23a4-4f42-ad83-0ec399503495",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Diagnosis",
"CPA-IAC",
"Benign and Malignant Tumors",
"CPA-IAC Facial Nerve Schwannoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "07a2c087-6202-49e7-870b-7aa162d18f06",
"value": "Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD"
},
{
"key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915",
"value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, CPA-IAC, Benign and Malignant Tumors, CPA-IAC Facial Nerve Schwannoma",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Facial nerve schwannoma (FNS): Rare, benign tumor of Schwann cells that surround CNVII in CPA-IAC ± labyrin..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/esophageal-strictures_965271b9-17ed-40ce-adba-d237b9f28f99.md",
"title": "Esophageal Strictures",
"docid": "965271b9-17ed-40ce-adba-d237b9f28f99",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Esophagus",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Esophageal Strictures"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "6c5a9e0e-9dea-461b-9ad4-c00f5c4c2bbf",
"value": "Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR"
},
{
"key": "e987d3d3-1206-48d6-824b-3347c2968855",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Esophagus, Generic Imaging Patterns, Esophageal Strictures",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - History is key (e.g., radiation therapy, caustic or drug ingestion, bone ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cadasil_cd432d21-494c-4410-b608-5b03cc8ada3a.md",
"title": "CADASIL",
"docid": "cd432d21-494c-4410-b608-5b03cc8ada3a",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Pathology-Based Diagnoses",
"Stroke",
"Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy",
"CADASIL"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "cdbaaa96-a7b4-4498-a355-a2823a7d9e26",
"value": "Kelly A. Dahlstrom, DO"
},
{
"key": "2bca6b86-1eca-4e93-b997-4e18913686a7",
"value": "Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS"
},
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Pathology-Based Diagnoses, Stroke, Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy, CADASIL",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n## KEY FACTS\n\n- ### Terminology\n \n \n - Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)\n ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/biliary-strictures-multiple_7d85bca2-14b8-4a55-8ba4-ded2672122d6.md",
"title": "Biliary Strictures, Multiple",
"docid": "7d85bca2-14b8-4a55-8ba4-ded2672122d6",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Gastrointestinal",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Biliary Tract",
"Generic Imaging Patterns",
"Biliary Strictures, Multiple"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c1df94ab-4a9f-44c4-add7-1f174fb9ac45",
"value": "Siva P. Raman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Gastrointestinal, Differential Diagnosis, Biliary Tract, Generic Imaging Patterns, Biliary Strictures, Multiple",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Sclerosing cholangitis is general term for disorders which result in fibr..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pheochromocytoma_7d3c4062-643c-4030-8783-f85184ad8132.md",
"title": "Pheochromocytoma",
"docid": "7d3c4062-643c-4030-8783-f85184ad8132",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Genitourinary",
"Diagnosis",
"Adrenal",
"Benign Neoplasms",
"Pheochromocytoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c3463c5c-31d3-4489-bbfe-6b895abdb86d",
"value": "Mitchell Tublin, MD"
},
{
"key": "b1738976-d5a8-48bc-a435-ed1434cd451a",
"value": "Mark D. Sugi, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Genitourinary, Diagnosis, Adrenal, Benign Neoplasms, Pheochromocytoma",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Tumor arising from chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla or extraadrenal paraganglia\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n -..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/optic-nerve-cnii_54712d62-1940-4028-8161-4cfd3c4dbb20.md",
"title": "Optic Nerve (CNII)",
"docid": "54712d62-1940-4028-8161-4cfd3c4dbb20",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Skull Base and Cranial Nerves",
"Optic Nerve (CNII)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
},
{
"key": "b0a6efa4-ad68-430c-b5da-f5c904adf809",
"value": "Ryan P. Cabeen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Skull Base and Cranial Nerves, Optic Nerve (CNII)",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Abbreviations\n \n \n - Optic nerve (CNII)\n- ### Synonyms\n \n \n - 2nd cranial nerve\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - CNII: N..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/sensorimotor-network_e1563250-4c6c-4730-bbad-4430ae16a5c6.md",
"title": "Sensorimotor Network",
"docid": "e1563250-4c6c-4730-bbad-4430ae16a5c6",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Functional MRI",
"Functional Network Anatomy",
"Sensorimotor Network"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Functional MRI, Functional Network Anatomy, Sensorimotor Network",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## IMAGING ANATOMY\n\n- ### Overview\n \n \n - Includes primary somatosensory and primary motor cortex, motor and sensory association cortex, subcort..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/mandible-and-maxilla_ae7d5e64-7b7e-47b8-aba2-9cfc79dad716.md",
"title": "Mandible and Maxilla",
"docid": "ae7d5e64-7b7e-47b8-aba2-9cfc79dad716",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Anatomy",
"Face",
"Mandible and Maxilla"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "33151213-01b2-4542-9105-342e006b3915",
"value": "H. Ric Harnsberger, MD"
},
{
"key": "20008105-51da-4bbf-aba6-e8253b2d9c21",
"value": "Daniel E. Meltzer, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Anatomy, Face, Mandible and Maxilla",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - Angle of mandible: Obtuse angle of mandible where inferior segment of ramus meets posterior mandible bo..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/facial-nerve-lesion-temporal-bone_1428754b-a8ee-48a0-98f8-4faeebf8dbab.md",
"title": "Facial Nerve Lesion, Temporal Bone",
"docid": "1428754b-a8ee-48a0-98f8-4faeebf8dbab",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Temporal Bone",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Facial Nerve Lesion, Temporal Bone"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "eef2f839-5706-47b9-89c3-60d8315b2b3a",
"value": "Nicholas A. Koontz, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Differential Diagnosis, Temporal Bone, Anatomically Based Differentials, Facial Nerve Lesion, Temporal Bone",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Differential diagnosis considerations\n - Differential diagnosis ..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/adrenal-myelolipoma_5813a554-06a4-4696-af71-7ce50693039d.md",
"title": "Adrenal Myelolipoma",
"docid": "5813a554-06a4-4696-af71-7ce50693039d",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Genitourinary",
"Diagnosis",
"Adrenal",
"Benign Neoplasms",
"Adrenal Myelolipoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "c3463c5c-31d3-4489-bbfe-6b895abdb86d",
"value": "Mitchell Tublin, MD"
},
{
"key": "3d84d682-9451-4b02-99b2-e34970a5b440",
"value": "Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Genitourinary, Diagnosis, Adrenal, Benign Neoplasms, Adrenal Myelolipoma",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Uncommon benign tumor composed of mature fat tissue and hematopoietic elements (myeloid and erythroid cells..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/temporal-pole-area-38_b94ee206-3e95-46ef-ae12-46e0712d0f03.md",
"title": "Temporal Pole (Area 38)",
"docid": "b94ee206-3e95-46ef-ae12-46e0712d0f03",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Supratentorial Brain Anatomy",
"Temporal Pole (Area 38)"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "15a1b74a-5576-4e3a-a193-2d84e315fbd0",
"value": "Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD"
},
{
"key": "7495668e-327b-41d6-9498-1f2289d5fdbf",
"value": "Jared A. Nielsen, PhD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Supratentorial Brain Anatomy, Temporal Pole (Area 38)",
"reasons": [
"Authors",
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## Location and Boundaries\n\n- ### Location\n \n \n - Most rostral portion of temporal lobes\n - Present only in humans and nonhuman primates\n- ##..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/cranial-meninges_3210cf7d-5be6-4741-a11d-dd7f8c1bc286.md",
"title": "Cranial Meninges",
"docid": "3210cf7d-5be6-4741-a11d-dd7f8c1bc286",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Anatomy",
"Scalp, Skull, and Meninges",
"Cranial Meninges"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Anatomy, Scalp, Skull, and Meninges, Cranial Meninges",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords",
"Type"
],
"snippet": "\n## TERMINOLOGY\n\n- ### Definitions\n \n \n - \"Pachymeninges\" (thick meninges): Dura\n - Leptomeninges (thin meninges): Arachnoid, pia\n - Extrad..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pineal-region-mass-general_7eb4aa6f-a67b-4ed2-adee-469808038024.md",
"title": "Pineal Region Mass, General",
"docid": "7eb4aa6f-a67b-4ed2-adee-469808038024",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Differential Diagnosis",
"Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region",
"Anatomically Based Differentials",
"Pineal Region Mass, General"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "f184750a-90b4-47a7-907b-23b05d70357a",
"value": "Chang Yueh Ho, MD"
},
{
"key": "83f867a5-a183-4396-82ea-384015da4d2f",
"value": "Gregory L. Katzman, MD, MBA"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Differential Diagnosis, Sella/Juxtasellar, Pineal Region, Anatomically Based Differentials, Pineal Region Mass, General",
"reasons": [
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],
"snippet": "\n# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION\n\n- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues\n \n \n - Quadrigeminal cistern\n - Bounded by quadrigeminal plate, spleniu..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/skull-base-chondrosarcoma_d52746d2-9761-43a6-8f47-a2ccc01d612d.md",
"title": "Skull Base Chondrosarcoma",
"docid": "d52746d2-9761-43a6-8f47-a2ccc01d612d",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Head and Neck",
"Diagnosis",
"Skull Base Lesions",
"Diffuse or Multifocal Skull Base Disease",
"Skull Base Chondrosarcoma"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "94f835c8-fa13-4e8a-995b-53048e6b0605",
"value": "Philip R. Chapman, MD"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Head and Neck, Diagnosis, Skull Base Lesions, Diffuse or Multifocal Skull Base Disease, Skull Base Chondrosarcoma",
"reasons": [
"Content"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Skull base chondrosarcoma (CSa-SB): Chondroid malignancy of skull base\n- ## Imaging\n \n \n - Typical loc..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/granular-cell-tumor_da976b04-85a3-4bf8-ac81-e579f081293e.md",
"title": "Granular Cell Tumor",
"docid": "da976b04-85a3-4bf8-ac81-e579f081293e",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Neoplasms",
"Granular Cell Tumor"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "8d5254e9-8dda-478b-8f08-bdee97a32c79",
"value": "Karen L. Salzman, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Neoplasms, Granular Cell Tumor",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Neoplasms that arise from pituicytes, specialized glial cells of neurohypophysis or infundibulum\n - Rare..."
},
{
"path": "docs_md/articles/pituitary-hyperplasia_9696bc9e-f00b-4fa7-aa67-f039efd8fbed.md",
"title": "Pituitary Hyperplasia",
"docid": "9696bc9e-f00b-4fa7-aa67-f039efd8fbed",
"breadcrumbs": [
"Brain",
"Diagnosis",
"Anatomy-Based Diagnoses",
"Sella and Pituitary",
"Miscellaneous",
"Pituitary Hyperplasia"
],
"authors": [
{
"key": "5cff4116-3654-4b3a-bb75-5ebe0b8c9850",
"value": "Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR"
}
],
"pageKeywords": "Brain, Diagnosis, Anatomy-Based Diagnoses, Sella and Pituitary, Miscellaneous, Pituitary Hyperplasia",
"reasons": [
"Breadcrumbs",
"Content",
"Keywords"
],
"snippet": "\n# KEY FACTS\n\n- ## Terminology\n \n \n - Normal maximal pituitary height varies with age, sex\n - Pregnant/lactating females: 12 mm\n ..."
}
]
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