.
This commit is contained in:
Ross
@@ -114,25 +114,25 @@ breadcrumbs:
|
||||
|
||||
### Selected Images
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**CSF Shunts & Complications**
|
||||
*Axial NECT shows completely collapsed lateral ventricles with a shunt catheter <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/>. Slit ventricle syndrome must have clinical symptoms of ↑ intracranial pressure with slit appearance of the lateral ventricles due to shunt.*
|
||||
*Axial NECT shows completely collapsed lateral ventricles with a shunt catheter <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/>. Slit ventricle syndrome must have clinical symptoms of ↑ intracranial pressure with slit appearance of the lateral ventricles due to shunt.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Posttraumatic Brain Swelling**
|
||||
*Axial CT in a 9-year-old injured by a horse shows bilateral scalp hematomas, effacement of sulci, loss of gray-white matter differentiation, and small lateral ventricles. Also note small foci of hemorrhagic shear-type injury <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/> at the gray-white junction in the frontal lobes.*
|
||||
*Axial CT in a 9-year-old injured by a horse shows bilateral scalp hematomas, effacement of sulci, loss of gray-white matter differentiation, and small lateral ventricles. Also note small foci of hemorrhagic shear-type injury <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/> at the gray-white junction in the frontal lobes.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Herniation Syndromes, Intracranial**
|
||||
*Axial NECT shows complete loss of the left middle cerebral artery gray-white distinction with cytotoxic edema and left-to-right subfalcine herniation <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/>. Note the compression of the ipsilateral left lateral ventricle and enlargement of the right lateral ventricle <img src='/img/arrows/WO.png'/> from entrapment.*
|
||||
*Axial NECT shows complete loss of the left middle cerebral artery gray-white distinction with cytotoxic edema and left-to-right subfalcine herniation <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/>. Note the compression of the ipsilateral left lateral ventricle and enlargement of the right lateral ventricle <img src='img/arrows/WO.png'/> from entrapment.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Adult Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury**
|
||||
*Axial NECT shows diffuse effacement of ventricles and sulci from diffuse cerebral edema. There is focal symmetric hypodensity of the globi pallidi <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/> in this patient with a history of cardiogenic shock.*
|
||||
*Axial NECT shows diffuse effacement of ventricles and sulci from diffuse cerebral edema. There is focal symmetric hypodensity of the globi pallidi <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/> in this patient with a history of cardiogenic shock.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury**
|
||||
*Axial PD MR in a 2-day-old with severe deep/central pattern of hypoxic-ischemic injury demonstrates small lateral ventricles and cerebral sulci, as well as symmetric, hyperintense signal in the bilateral globus pallidus, putamen, and thalamus <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/>.*
|
||||
*Axial PD MR in a 2-day-old with severe deep/central pattern of hypoxic-ischemic injury demonstrates small lateral ventricles and cerebral sulci, as well as symmetric, hyperintense signal in the bilateral globus pallidus, putamen, and thalamus <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/>.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Hyperglycemia**
|
||||
@@ -142,86 +142,86 @@ breadcrumbs:
|
||||
**Cerebral Infection**
|
||||
*Axial FLAIR MR shows diffuse gray matter swelling and hyperintensity with resulting effacement of the cerebral sulci and right lateral ventricle. This patient eventually succumbed to rabies encephalitis.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Intracranial Hypotension**
|
||||
*Sagittal T1 MR shows downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/> and brainstem. There is effacement of the suprasellar cistern <img src='/img/arrows/WO.png'/>. Note effacement of the interpeduncular cistern <img src='/img/arrows/WC.png'/>, which has moved below the level of the dorsum sella, related to "brainstem sagging."*
|
||||
*Sagittal T1 MR shows downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/> and brainstem. There is effacement of the suprasellar cistern <img src='img/arrows/WO.png'/>. Note effacement of the interpeduncular cistern <img src='img/arrows/WC.png'/>, which has moved below the level of the dorsum sella, related to "brainstem sagging."*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Additional Images
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**CSF Shunts & Complications**
|
||||
*Axial NECT shows small ventricles <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/> and indeterminate shunt position <img src='/img/arrows/WO.png'/>. Symptomatic ventricular collapse is known as slit-like ventricle syndrome and suggests overshunting.*
|
||||
*Axial NECT shows small ventricles <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/> and indeterminate shunt position <img src='img/arrows/WO.png'/>. Symptomatic ventricular collapse is known as slit-like ventricle syndrome and suggests overshunting.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Posttraumatic Brain Swelling**
|
||||
*Axial GRE MR in an 4-year-old pedestrian struck by a motor vehicle shows scalp swelling, small ventricles and sulci, and multifocal areas of hemorrhagic shear type injury <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/>.*
|
||||
*Axial GRE MR in an 4-year-old pedestrian struck by a motor vehicle shows scalp swelling, small ventricles and sulci, and multifocal areas of hemorrhagic shear type injury <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/>.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Posttraumatic Brain Swelling**
|
||||
*Axial NECT shows hyperdense foci of diffuse axonal injury <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/>, which is commonly associated with traumatic cerebral edema. Note sulcal and ventricular effacement <img src='/img/arrows/WO.png'/>. Loss of gray-white differentiation is common.*
|
||||
*Axial NECT shows hyperdense foci of diffuse axonal injury <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/>, which is commonly associated with traumatic cerebral edema. Note sulcal and ventricular effacement <img src='img/arrows/WO.png'/>. Loss of gray-white differentiation is common.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Posttraumatic Brain Swelling**
|
||||
*Axial GRE MR shows multiple punctate areas of susceptibility in the subcortical frontal white matter but also in the splenium of the corpus callosum <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/> from diffuse axonal injury. Less well appreciated on this sequence are small lateral ventricles and cerebral edema.*
|
||||
*Axial GRE MR shows multiple punctate areas of susceptibility in the subcortical frontal white matter but also in the splenium of the corpus callosum <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/> from diffuse axonal injury. Less well appreciated on this sequence are small lateral ventricles and cerebral edema.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Herniation Syndromes, Intracranial**
|
||||
*Axial NECT shows low-density subacute infarcts in the cerebellar hemispheres. Basal cisterns are effaced <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/>, as is the 4th ventricle <img src='/img/arrows/WO.png'/> in this patient with transtentorial herniation. Herniation syndromes typically result from trauma, ischemia, or mass.*
|
||||
*Axial NECT shows low-density subacute infarcts in the cerebellar hemispheres. Basal cisterns are effaced <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/>, as is the 4th ventricle <img src='img/arrows/WO.png'/> in this patient with transtentorial herniation. Herniation syndromes typically result from trauma, ischemia, or mass.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Herniation Syndromes, Intracranial**
|
||||
*Axial NECT shows small ventricles and right occipital and vermian <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/> low density due to infarct. Basal cisterns are effaced. Vermis is herniated upward through the tentorial incisura <img src='/img/arrows/WO.png'/>, displacing midbrain anteriorly and superiorly.*
|
||||
*Axial NECT shows small ventricles and right occipital and vermian <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/> low density due to infarct. Basal cisterns are effaced. Vermis is herniated upward through the tentorial incisura <img src='img/arrows/WO.png'/>, displacing midbrain anteriorly and superiorly.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Adult Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury**
|
||||
*Axial NECT shows a typical case of impending brain death with diffuse cerebral edema. Note diffuse sulcal effacement, small ventricles <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/>, and decreased gray-white matter differentiation within the cerebral hemispheres.*
|
||||
*Axial NECT shows a typical case of impending brain death with diffuse cerebral edema. Note diffuse sulcal effacement, small ventricles <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/>, and decreased gray-white matter differentiation within the cerebral hemispheres.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Adult Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury**
|
||||
*Axial PD FSE MR shows enlarged, bilateral, hyperintense deep nuclei <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/> and small ventricles <img src='/img/arrows/WC.png'/> from mass effect in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Cortical hyperintensity is less prominent than on DWI (not shown) except for more advanced bilateral occipital involvement <img src='/img/arrows/BO.png'/>.*
|
||||
*Axial PD FSE MR shows enlarged, bilateral, hyperintense deep nuclei <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/> and small ventricles <img src='img/arrows/WC.png'/> from mass effect in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Cortical hyperintensity is less prominent than on DWI (not shown) except for more advanced bilateral occipital involvement <img src='img/arrows/BO.png'/>.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Cerebral Infection**
|
||||
*Axial FLAIR MR shows near-confluent T2 hyperintensity in the deep white matter <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/> and small ventricles <img src='/img/arrows/WO.png'/> related to mild mass effect from encephalitis.*
|
||||
*Axial FLAIR MR shows near-confluent T2 hyperintensity in the deep white matter <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/> and small ventricles <img src='img/arrows/WO.png'/> related to mild mass effect from encephalitis.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Cerebral Infection**
|
||||
*Axial CECT shows thick, enhancing frontal leptomeninges <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/> with adjacent frontal lobe hypodensity from edema and mass effect on the frontal horns. This was pyogenic meningitis with adjacent cerebritis.*
|
||||
*Axial CECT shows thick, enhancing frontal leptomeninges <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/> with adjacent frontal lobe hypodensity from edema and mass effect on the frontal horns. This was pyogenic meningitis with adjacent cerebritis.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Cerebral Infection**
|
||||
*Axial T1 C+ FS MR shows subtle enhancement of the pial surface of the brain <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/>. Note associated ependymitis <img src='/img/arrows/WC.png'/> and choroid plexitis <img src='/img/arrows/WO.png'/>, which may complicate meningitis. Ventricles are small <img src='/img/arrows/BS.png'/> due to diffuse brain edema, although when pial exudates obstruct CSF flow, hydrocephalus is more common.*
|
||||
*Axial T1 C+ FS MR shows subtle enhancement of the pial surface of the brain <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/>. Note associated ependymitis <img src='img/arrows/WC.png'/> and choroid plexitis <img src='img/arrows/WO.png'/>, which may complicate meningitis. Ventricles are small <img src='img/arrows/BS.png'/> due to diffuse brain edema, although when pial exudates obstruct CSF flow, hydrocephalus is more common.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Cerebral Infection**
|
||||
*Coronal T1 C+ MR shows meningitis complicated by local cerebritis, as evidenced in this patient with focal mass effect, small ventricles, and ill-defined enhancement <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/>.*
|
||||
*Coronal T1 C+ MR shows meningitis complicated by local cerebritis, as evidenced in this patient with focal mass effect, small ventricles, and ill-defined enhancement <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/>.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension**
|
||||
*Sagittal T1 MR shows an empty sella <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/> and small ventricles <img src='/img/arrows/WC.png'/> in a patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension or "pseudotumor cerebri."*
|
||||
*Sagittal T1 MR shows an empty sella <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/> and small ventricles <img src='img/arrows/WC.png'/> in a patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension or "pseudotumor cerebri."*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension**
|
||||
*Coronal T1 MR in a young woman with headaches and papilledema shows very small lateral ventricles <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/>. Superficial sulci <img src='/img/arrows/WO.png'/> also look somewhat less prominent than normal. Pituitary gland <img src='/img/arrows/WC.png'/> is normal for a young, menstruating female.*
|
||||
*Coronal T1 MR in a young woman with headaches and papilledema shows very small lateral ventricles <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/>. Superficial sulci <img src='img/arrows/WO.png'/> also look somewhat less prominent than normal. Pituitary gland <img src='img/arrows/WC.png'/> is normal for a young, menstruating female.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension**
|
||||
*Axial T2 MR shows increased fluid in the optic nerve sheaths <img src='/img/arrows/WO.png'/> and mild flattening of the globes at the optic nerve heads <img src='/img/arrows/BO.png'/>. Note the partly empty sella <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/>. Findings suggest idiopathic intracranial hypertension that can be confirmed with CSF opening pressures.*
|
||||
*Axial T2 MR shows increased fluid in the optic nerve sheaths <img src='img/arrows/WO.png'/> and mild flattening of the globes at the optic nerve heads <img src='img/arrows/BO.png'/>. Note the partly empty sella <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/>. Findings suggest idiopathic intracranial hypertension that can be confirmed with CSF opening pressures.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Intracranial Hypotension**
|
||||
*Sagittal T1 MR shows a "slumping midbrain," where the midbrain is displaced below the dorsum sellae <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/>. Ventricles are commonly small <img src='/img/arrows/WC.png'/>. The cerebellar tonsils are typically low-lying or herniated. Diffuse dural enhancement is characteristic. Subdural collections are uncommon (15%).*
|
||||
*Sagittal T1 MR shows a "slumping midbrain," where the midbrain is displaced below the dorsum sellae <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/>. Ventricles are commonly small <img src='img/arrows/WC.png'/>. The cerebellar tonsils are typically low-lying or herniated. Diffuse dural enhancement is characteristic. Subdural collections are uncommon (15%).*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Intracranial Hypotension**
|
||||
*Axial T1 C+ MR shows symmetric, small ventricles <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/> and smooth, diffuse, linear pachymeningeal thickening and enhancement <img src='/img/arrows/WO.png'/>.*
|
||||
*Axial T1 C+ MR shows symmetric, small ventricles <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/> and smooth, diffuse, linear pachymeningeal thickening and enhancement <img src='img/arrows/WO.png'/>.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Inborn Errors of Metabolism (Acute Presentation)**
|
||||
*Axial T2 MR shows diffuse, acute brain swelling in maple syrup urine disease and small ventricles due to subacute edema of deep white matter <img src='/img/arrows/WO.png'/>, thalami <img src='/img/arrows/WC.png'/>, and internal capsules.*
|
||||
*Axial T2 MR shows diffuse, acute brain swelling in maple syrup urine disease and small ventricles due to subacute edema of deep white matter <img src='img/arrows/WO.png'/>, thalami <img src='img/arrows/WC.png'/>, and internal capsules.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Intracranial Hypotension**
|
||||
*Axial T1 C+ MR shows diffuse dural enhancement <img src='/img/arrows/WS.png'/> and leptomeningeal enhancement <img src='/img/arrows/WO.png'/> from venous distention. There are small lateral ventricles. Intracranial hypotension is commonly from CSF leak through a dural defect or from LP.*
|
||||
*Axial T1 C+ MR shows diffuse dural enhancement <img src='img/arrows/WS.png'/> and leptomeningeal enhancement <img src='img/arrows/WO.png'/> from venous distention. There are small lateral ventricles. Intracranial hypotension is commonly from CSF leak through a dural defect or from LP.*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user