feat: Add new articles on Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis, Finger-in-Glove Sign, and Tracheal Dilatation; update content index and document conversion script

2025-10-18 07:51:33 +01:00
parent 55716a16c5
commit 9aea602295
5 changed files with 207 additions and 2 deletions
@@ -123,5 +123,10 @@
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 }
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+---
+title: "Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis"
+docid: "81c5db2f-b8f6-4092-bcd2-ffb8aa3ab18a"
+breadcrumbs:
+  - "Chest"
+  - "Differential Diagnosis"
+  - "Airways"
+  - "General Imaging Patterns"
+  - "Finger-in-Glove Sign"
+---
+# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION
+
+- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues
+  
+  
+    - Finger-in-glove sign: Mucoid impaction with resultant dilated or impacted bronchi
+          - Bronchial obstruction: Atresia, foreign body, neoplasm
+          - Nonobstructive entities: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, cystic fibrosis
+    - Radiography/CT: Branching tubular opacities that typically radiate from hilum toward lung periphery
+    - Differential diagnosis of bronchial branching tubular opacities
+          - Arteriovenous malformation
+                  - Exhibits contrast enhancement
+                  - Demonstrates afferent and efferent vessels: Feeding artery(ies) and draining vein(s)
+- ## Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses
+  
+  
+    - **Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis**
+          - Immunologic disorder caused by hypersensitivity to*Aspergillus fumigatus*
+          - Predisposing conditions: Asthma, cystic fibrosis
+          - Laboratory findings: Positive aspergillus skin test, elevated IgE levels against *Aspergillus fumigatus* 
+                  - Total IgE levels > 1,000 IU/mL
+                  - IgG antibodies against*A. fumigatus* in serum
+                  - Total eosinophil count > 500 cells/mL
+          - Imaging: Branching tubular opacities, high attenuation on CT due to intrinsic calcium oxalate
+    - **Congenital Bronchial Atresia**
+          - Focal atresia of segmental bronchus
+          - Typically affects left upper lobe apicoposterior segment
+          - Recurrent infection in 20% of patients
+          - CT: Tubular or branching opacity surrounded by hyperlucent lung due to air-trapping and oligemia
+- ## Helpful Clues for Less Common Diagnoses
+  
+  
+    - **Bronchiectasis**
+          - Cystic fibrosis
+                  - Autosomal recessive disorder that affects regulation of chloride transport
+                  - Recurrent infection, progressive bronchial wall injury
+                  - Diffuse bronchiectasis (upper lobe predominant); central and peripheral airways affected
+          - Primary ciliary dyskinesia
+                  - Structural abnormality that affects ciliary motion
+                  - Bronchiectasis, sinusitis, infertility
+                  - Basilar predominant airway involvement
+    - **Benign Airway Neoplasm**
+          - Hamartoma
+                  - Endobronchial (1.4% of cases)
+                  - Fat &/or calcification in endobronchial lesion supports diagnosis
+          - Lipoma
+                  - Endobronchial lipoma (0.1-0.5% of lung tumors)
+                  - Nonenhancing homogeneous fat attenuation lesion
+    - **Malignant Airway Neoplasm**
+          - Carcinoid tumor
+                  - Low-grade neuroendocrine neoplasm
+                  - Intrinsic calcification; may be eccentric
+                  - Marked contrast enhancement
+          - Lung cancer
+                  - Centrally obstructing mass
+                  - Mucoid impaction uncommon
+    - **Foreign Body**
+          - Patients < 15 years of age (70%)
+          - Most frequent location: Right lower lobe bronchus and bronchus intermedius
+          - Adults: Chronic clinical course, recurrent pneumonia
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+---
+title: "Finger-in-Glove Sign"
+docid: "81c5db2f-b8f6-4092-bcd2-ffb8aa3ab18a"
+breadcrumbs:
+  - "Chest"
+  - "Differential Diagnosis"
+  - "Airways"
+  - "General Imaging Patterns"
+  - "Finger-in-Glove Sign"
+---
+# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION
+
+- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues
+  
+  
+    - Finger-in-glove sign: Mucoid impaction with resultant dilated or impacted bronchi
+          - Bronchial obstruction: Atresia, foreign body, neoplasm
+          - Nonobstructive entities: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, cystic fibrosis
+    - Radiography/CT: Branching tubular opacities that typically radiate from hilum toward lung periphery
+    - Differential diagnosis of bronchial branching tubular opacities
+          - Arteriovenous malformation
+                  - Exhibits contrast enhancement
+                  - Demonstrates afferent and efferent vessels: Feeding artery(ies) and draining vein(s)
+- ## Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses
+  
+  
+    - **Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis**
+          - Immunologic disorder caused by hypersensitivity to*Aspergillus fumigatus*
+          - Predisposing conditions: Asthma, cystic fibrosis
+          - Laboratory findings: Positive aspergillus skin test, elevated IgE levels against *Aspergillus fumigatus* 
+                  - Total IgE levels > 1,000 IU/mL
+                  - IgG antibodies against*A. fumigatus* in serum
+                  - Total eosinophil count > 500 cells/mL
+          - Imaging: Branching tubular opacities, high attenuation on CT due to intrinsic calcium oxalate
+    - **Congenital Bronchial Atresia**
+          - Focal atresia of segmental bronchus
+          - Typically affects left upper lobe apicoposterior segment
+          - Recurrent infection in 20% of patients
+          - CT: Tubular or branching opacity surrounded by hyperlucent lung due to air-trapping and oligemia
+- ## Helpful Clues for Less Common Diagnoses
+  
+  
+    - **Bronchiectasis**
+          - Cystic fibrosis
+                  - Autosomal recessive disorder that affects regulation of chloride transport
+                  - Recurrent infection, progressive bronchial wall injury
+                  - Diffuse bronchiectasis (upper lobe predominant); central and peripheral airways affected
+          - Primary ciliary dyskinesia
+                  - Structural abnormality that affects ciliary motion
+                  - Bronchiectasis, sinusitis, infertility
+                  - Basilar predominant airway involvement
+    - **Benign Airway Neoplasm**
+          - Hamartoma
+                  - Endobronchial (1.4% of cases)
+                  - Fat &/or calcification in endobronchial lesion supports diagnosis
+          - Lipoma
+                  - Endobronchial lipoma (0.1-0.5% of lung tumors)
+                  - Nonenhancing homogeneous fat attenuation lesion
+    - **Malignant Airway Neoplasm**
+          - Carcinoid tumor
+                  - Low-grade neuroendocrine neoplasm
+                  - Intrinsic calcification; may be eccentric
+                  - Marked contrast enhancement
+          - Lung cancer
+                  - Centrally obstructing mass
+                  - Mucoid impaction uncommon
+    - **Foreign Body**
+          - Patients < 15 years of age (70%)
+          - Most frequent location: Right lower lobe bronchus and bronchus intermedius
+          - Adults: Chronic clinical course, recurrent pneumonia
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+---
+title: "Tracheal Dilatation"
+docid: "25c1fd77-52ff-4a56-b5c4-6ee1335ba369"
+breadcrumbs:
+  - "Chest"
+  - "Differential Diagnosis"
+  - "Airways"
+  - "General Imaging Patterns"
+  - "Tracheal Dilatation"
+---
+# ESSENTIAL INFORMATION
+
+- ## Key Differential Diagnosis Issues
+  
+  
+    - Tracheal wall composed of several layers: Mucosa, submucosa, cartilage or muscle, and adventitia
+    - Horseshoe-shaped bands of hyaline cartilage support anterior and lateral tracheal walls
+    - Posterior tracheal wall lacks cartilage and is supported by band of smooth muscle
+    - During expiration: Anterior bulging of posterior wall of intrathoracic trachea and ↓ of tracheal AP diameter by 32%
+    - Tracheal dilatation
+          - Women
+                  - Tracheal transverse diameter > 21 mm, sagittal diameter > 23 mm
+          - Men
+                  - Tracheal transverse diameter > 25 mm, sagittal diameter > 27 mm
+          - Tracheal index: Coronal diameter/sagittal diameter measured 1 cm above aortic arch
+                  - Normal index ~ 1
+- ## Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses
+  
+  
+    - **Upper Lobe Fibrosis**
+          - Retraction of tracheobronchial walls
+                  - Tuberculosis
+                  - Sarcoidosis
+                  - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
+    - **Overdistention of Endotracheal Tube Cuff**
+          - Endotracheal tube or tracheostomy cannula cuff should not result in tracheal wall bulging
+          - Endotracheal cuff located 2 cm from distal end
+          - Overinflation of balloon to 1.5x diameter of normal trachea is associated with tracheal injury
+    - **Saber-Sheath Trachea**
+          - ↓ in coronal diameter of intrathoracic trachea associated with ↑ in sagittal diameter
+          - Associated with COPD (95%)
+          - Likely related to abnormal intrathoracic pressure
+    - **Tracheobronchomalacia**
+          - Condition characterized by excessive airway collapsibility caused by weakness of airway walls due to softening or destruction of supporting cartilage
+          - Tracheomalacia patients have dilated and flaccid airway
+          - ↓ in cross-sectional area > 70% during expiration compared with inspiration is generally considered diagnostic
+- ## Helpful Clues for Less Common Diagnoses
+  
+  
+    - **Tracheal Diverticulum**
+          - Mucosal herniation through tracheal wall from ↑ intraluminal pressure
+          - Right posterolateral tracheal wall near thoracic inlet
+          - Between tracheal cartilaginous and muscular portions
+          - Communication with tracheal lumen rarely identified
+    - **Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome**
+          - Atrophy of muscular and elastic tissues in walls of trachea and mainstem bronchi
+          - More common in men
+          - Tracheal diameter > 30 mm (81.2%)
+          - Bronchiectasis (48.6-57.6%)
+          - Tracheal wall corrugated due to mucosa herniating between tracheal rings
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ def main(argv: Iterable[str] | None = None) -> int:
    p.add_argument("--pattern", default="*.json", help="Glob pattern to find files in input dir")
    p.add_argument("--overwrite", action="store_true", help="Overwrite existing .md files")
    p.add_argument("--verbose", "-v", action="store_true", help="Print processing details")
-    p.add_argument("--clear", "-c", action="store_true", help="Clear output directory before processing")
+    p.add_argument("--clear", "-c", action="store_true", default=False, help="Clear output directory before processing (default: false)")
    args = p.parse_args(list(argv) if argv is not None else None)

    input_dir = args.input_dir